• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.667-681
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• 2008

This study aimed to identify a nutritionally vulnerable group and to examine their nutritional problems based on a relationship between socioeconomic position and nutritional status through life-course. A cross-sectional nationwide survey of 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used. A total of 8,930 participants aged $\geq$ 1 year were included. The socioeconomic position indicator was education level. Nutritional status was assessed by the percentage attainment of a dietary reference intake (DRI) and dietary quality based on nutrient intakes estimated by a 24 hour-recall data. Food insufficiency was examined by one-item food insufficiency questionnaire. The difference in nutritional status and food insufficiency according to educational level was tested by General Linear Model and Chi-square test, respectively. The nutritional status and food insufficiency was the worst during adolescence and older age than other period. Both quantity and quality of nutrient intakes was poorer in low education group than high education group. The prevalence of food insufficiency also was higher in low education group. The results were consistent across the life-course and sex. Based on these findings, we suggest that the development of various policy and strategies targeted to nutritionally vulnerable group is necessary to reduce nutritional inequality by socioeconomic position.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop a pharmacovigilance practice training course for future doctors of Korean medicine, the graduate students of a college of Korean medicine, and to verify the educational effect of the curriculum. Methods: Fifty-six students were given a training course designed as follows: 1) pre-class homework (basic theory self-study, online course, causality assessment, and adverse event reporting simulation); 2) in-class: homework submission and case discussion; 3) after-class: homework revision and resubmission. An online survey to assess the change of the level of basic knowledge and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, the willingness to report adverse events, and self-efficacy for the causality assessment and adverse event reporting was conducted before and after education. Results: The survey participation rate was 96.5% in pre-education and 64.3% in the post-education survey. After education, knowledge level was improved (mean score from 4.3±2.11 to 6.7±1.96 points, modal value from 3 to 8 points) and positive changes were observed in almost all questions on attitudes. In the post-education survey, more students felt that they could do causality assessment (from 13% to 80.5%), could report adverse events to the agency in charge (from 7.4% to 96.2%), and expressed their strong willingness to report adverse events in the future (from 77.8% to 88.9%) than in the pre-education survey. Conclusions: More schools of Korean medicine need to adopt pharmacovigilance training courses in their curriculum to foster future doctors of Korean medicine with pharmacovigilance capabilities. Such efforts will be the basis for achieving an evidence-based, safe use of herbal medicine.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives : Recently, the interest on medical education in flipped learning has been growing. Competency-based curriculum is also required through changes in teaching methods within the Korean medicine education. In this study, flipped learning method was applied to 'medical ethics' class to examine the perception and experience of flipped learning from the Korean medical student's perspectives. Methods : The study was conducted on 15 preparatory course freshmen students who took the 'medical ethics' course, in the second semester of the year 2017 at 'A' University. The study was proceded in two steps; 1) fill-in the questionnaire twice (before and after the class), and 2) in-depth interview with semi-structured questionnaire. The $1^{st}$ questionnaire in the first step was consisted of 'Experience on flipped learning before the class', 'Which section of the flipped learning class do participants have expectation', 'Interest and expectation on flipped learning'. In the $2^{nd}$ questionnare, the participants were asked 'Which section of the flipped learning section that the learning effect was maximized', 'Association between 'flipped learning' method and 'Medical ethics' course' with 5-point Likert scale and frequency. Results : The results showed that flipped learning method works very effectively in the 'medical ethics' course (63.6%). After the flipped learning class, the participants showed positive change in a attitude of the class (72.7%). However, this teaching method might be inappropriate for participants who had difficulties in pre-learning or a passive attitude and lecture-centered instruction (LCI) classes. Conclusions : Though applying flipped learning method to the 'Medical Ethics' was effective, to make pre-learning better, the instructors should prepare countermeasures for passive participants, help interact well among the participants, and plan a lesson thoroughly for changing LCI classes to student-centerd instruction(SCI).

• 공학교육연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

경쟁 사회에서 생존을 위해 직업 교육기관은 학생들에게 능력 중심 직업 교육을 실시하여야 하며 직업 분야 진로 선택의 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 체계적인 진로 지도 프로그램이 개발되어야 한다. 대학 1학년 학생들에게 미래의 직업 분야에 적응할 수 있도록 원활한 전공 선택과 전공 교과 학습 상담을 위한 진로 지도가 필요하다. 직업 분야 관련 과목의 조기 학습은 학생들의 학습 동기 유발에 매우 중요하며 이를 통해 학생들은 장래 직업 선택과 다양한 직업 분야의 진로 정보를 제공받게 된다. 본 연구에서는 진로 지도 교과목 개발과 학습 계획을 위한 learning map을 통하여 교육 수요자 스스로 학습 계획을 세우고 대학 과정의 특정 직업 관련 지식의 획득과 장래 직업 준비를 위한 전공 진로 지도 프로그램을 개발하였다. 설문지를 통하여 그 타당성을 검증함으로서 장래 직업 분야에서 유용한 직업인이 될 수 있도록 직업 교육 활성화 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2008

Objective : This study is to investigate time course of symptom disappearance in patients whose spasm relieved completely after microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods : Of 115 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) who underwent MVD from April 2003 to December 2006, 89 patients who had no facial paralysis after operation and showed no spasm at last follow-up more than 1.5 years after operation were selected. Symptom disappearance with time after MVD was classified into type 1 (symptom disappearance right after operation), type 2 (delayed symptom disappearance) and type 3 (unusual symptom disappearance). Type 2 was classified into type 2a (with postoperative silent period) and type 2b (without silent period). Results : Type 1, type 2a, type 2b and type 3 were 38.2%, 48.37%, 124% and 1.1%, respectively. Delayed disappearance group (type 2) was 60.7%. Post-operative symptom duration in all cases ranged from 0 to 900 days, average was 74.6 days and median was 14 days. In case of type 2, average post-operative symptom duration was 115.1 days and median was 42 days. Five and 3 patients required more than 1 year and 2 years, respectively, until complete disappearance of spasm. In type 2a, postoperative silent period ranged from 1 to 10 days, with an average of 24 days. Conclusion : Surgeons should be aware that delayed symptom disappearance after MVD for HFS is more common than it has been reported, silent period can be as long as 10 days and time course of symptom disappearance is various as well as unpredictable.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2018

Objective : In Asians, kneeling and squatting are the postures that are most often induce common peroneal neuropathy. However, we could not identify a compatible compression site of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) during hyper-flexion of knees. To evaluate the course of the CPN at the popliteal area related with compressive neuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of healthy Koreans. Methods : 1.5-Tesla knee MRI scans were obtained from enrolled patients and were retrospectively reviewed. The normal populations were divided into two groups according to the anatomical course of the CPN. Type I included subjects with the CPN situated superficial to the lateral gastocnemius muscle (LGCM). Type II included subjects with the CPN between the short head of biceps femoris muscle (SHBFM) and the LGCM. We calculated the thickness of the SHBFM and posterior elongation of this muscle, and the LGCM at the level of femoral condyles. In type II, the length of popliteal tunnel where the CPN passes was measured. Results : The 93 normal subjects were included in this study. The CPN passed through the "popliteal tunnel" formed between the SHBFM and the LGCM in 36 subjects (38.7% type II). The thicknesses of SHBFM and posterior portions of this muscle were statistically significantly increased in type II subjects. The LGCM thickness was comparable in both groups. In 78.8% of the "popliteal tunnel", a length of 21 mm to <40 mm was measured. Conclusion : In Korean population, the course of the CPN through the "popliteal tunnel" was about 40%, which is higher than the Western results. This anatomical characteristic may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of the CPNe by posture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2020

Background: Most abdominal aortic aneurysms are degenerative atherosclerotic aneurysms. Inflammatory or infected abdominal aortic aneurysms, which show a slightly different clinical course, are rarely encountered in clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical course of these variants of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients with atypical inflammatory or infected abdominal aortic aneurysms who underwent emergent graft replacement between November 1997 and December 2017. Patients were followed up at the outpatient clinic for a mean period of 4.9±6.9 years. We analyzed the patients' clinical course and compared it with that of patients with atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms. Results: There was 1 surgical mortality (3.0%) in a case complicated by aneurysmal free rupture. In 2 cases of infected abdominal aortic aneurysms, anastomotic complications developed immediately postoperatively. During the follow-up period, 10 patients (30%) developed graft complications, and 9 of them underwent reoperations; of these, 2 patients (22.2%) died of postoperative complications after the second operation, whereas 2 patients survived despite graft occlusion. Conclusion: Patients with inflammatory abdominal aneurysms frequently develop postoperative graft complications requiring secondary surgical treatment, so they require close mandatory postoperative follow-up.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.450-454
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• 2007

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical location and course of the facial nerve (FN) and their relationship to the tumor size in surgically treated vestibular schwannomas. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 163 patients who had been treated by the microsurgical resection for a newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma between 1995 and 2005 (mean age of 46.1 years; 108 females and 55 males). Surgery was carried out via retrosigmoid approach in all patients with the electromyographic monitoring for the FN function. The anatomical location and course of the FN along the tumor surface were verified in each patient during the microsurgery, and were classified into 4 groups : 1) the FN displaced along the ventral and superior surface of the tumor (VS); 2) the ventral and central (VC); 3) the ventral and inferior (VI); and 4) the dorsal (Do). Results : The FN displacement was identified as the followings : VS in 91 patients (55.8%); VC in 57 (35.0%); VI in 14 (8.6%); and Do in 1 (0.6%). In the subgroup with tumors less than 2 cm in diameter (n=23), the FN was displaced along the ventral and central surface of the tumor in the majority (65.2%), whereas, in the patients with tumors larger than 2cm (n=140), it was displaced along the ventral and superior surface most frequently (59.3%). Conclusion : The FN can be displaced variably in vestibular schwannomas, and most frequently along the ventral and superior surface of the tumor, especially in large ones.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the present status of the gerontological nursing course in Baccalaureate degree programs(BSN) in Korea, so as to provide basic data for developing a standard model for a gerontological nursing curriculum. Method: Data on the contents of a gerontological nursing curriculum was collected from those programs that had a gerontological nursing course. Result: The results show that 48 schools(87.3%) offered a gerontological nursing course. Twenty-five schools(45.5%) had both lectures and clinical practicum, while 23 schools(41.8%) had only lectures. Twenty-seven schools(56%) offered a gerontological nursing course as an elective. Students earned the most number of credits in their senior year. The most common credit system for lecture subjects was 2 credits with 38 schools(79.2%) and a clinical practicum was 1 credit with 20 schools(80%). The issues identified were that gerontological nursing was an elective and not a mandatory course, a lack of clinical lab hours, and a lack of common learning objectives. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for better defined curricula in gerontological nursing. In addition, further investigations of the learners or students entering gerontological nursing to facilitate curriculum development and appropriate instructional strategies are needed.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.123-144
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• 2012

이 연구는 대학 강의지원시스템을 이용하는 학습자의 이용성을 향상시키기 위해 필요한 이용자 인터페이스 설계 원칙을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 문헌조사를 바탕으로 사전설문과 이용성 평가 실험으로 구성된 이용성 조사를 실시하였다. 이용성 조사로부터 얻어낸 결과를 종합하여 총 11개의 대학 강의지원시스템 이용자 인터페이스 설계 원칙을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 대학 강의지원시스템의 이용자 인터페이스 설계 원칙을 개발하기 위하여 주이용자인 학습자를 대상으로 이용성 조사를 실시하여 실제 이용자의 의견을 시스템의 기능별로 제시하고 직접적으로 설계 원칙에 반영할 수 있었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.