Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Nutritional Status and Food Insufficiency of Korean Population through the Life-Course by Education Level Based on 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey

한국인의 생애 주기별 교육 수준에 따른 영양 상태와 식품 불충분성-2005년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Kim, Ki-Rang (Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Seo-Ah (Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Kyung (Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine)
  • 김기랑 (한양대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 홍서아 (한양대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김미경 (한양대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실)
  • Published : 2008.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aimed to identify a nutritionally vulnerable group and to examine their nutritional problems based on a relationship between socioeconomic position and nutritional status through life-course. A cross-sectional nationwide survey of 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used. A total of 8,930 participants aged $\geq$ 1 year were included. The socioeconomic position indicator was education level. Nutritional status was assessed by the percentage attainment of a dietary reference intake (DRI) and dietary quality based on nutrient intakes estimated by a 24 hour-recall data. Food insufficiency was examined by one-item food insufficiency questionnaire. The difference in nutritional status and food insufficiency according to educational level was tested by General Linear Model and Chi-square test, respectively. The nutritional status and food insufficiency was the worst during adolescence and older age than other period. Both quantity and quality of nutrient intakes was poorer in low education group than high education group. The prevalence of food insufficiency also was higher in low education group. The results were consistent across the life-course and sex. Based on these findings, we suggest that the development of various policy and strategies targeted to nutritionally vulnerable group is necessary to reduce nutritional inequality by socioeconomic position.

Keywords

References

  1. de Groot LC, Verheijden MW, de Henauw S, Schroll M, van Staveren WA. Lifestyle, nutritional status, health, and mortality in elderly people across Europe: a review of the longitudinal results of the SENECA study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59(12): 1277-1284 https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.12.1277
  2. Willett WC. Diet and health: what should we eat? Science 1994; 264(5158): 532-537 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8160011
  3. Davey Smith G. Introduction: lifecourse approaches to health inequalities. In: Davey Smith G, ed. Health inequalities-lifecourse approaches. 1st ed. Bristol: The Policy Press; 2003
  4. Commission on the Nutrition Challenges of the21st Century. Ending malnutrition by 2020: an agenda for change in the millennium: Final report to the ACC/SCN. New York: Administrative Committee on Co-ordination, Sub-Committee on Nutrition (ACC/SCN) of the United Nations; 2000
  5. Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y. A life course approaches to chronic disease epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997
  6. Mormot M, Wilkinson RG. Social determinants of health. 2nd Ed. New York; Oxford; 2006
  7. Berkman LF, Kawachi I. Social epidemiology. New York, Oxford University Press; 2000
  8. Johansson L, Thelle DS, Solvoll K, Bjorneboe GE, Drevon CA. Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors. Br J Nutr 1999; 81(3): 211-220 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114599000409
  9. Drewnowski A, Specter SE. Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(1): 6-16 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.1.6
  10. Irala-Estevez JD, Groth M, Johansson L, Oltersdorf U, Prattala R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54(9): 706-714 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601080
  11. Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988; 10: 87-121 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036030
  12. Roos E, Prattala R, Lahelma E, Kleemola P, Pietinen P. Modern and healthy?: socioeconomic differences in the quality of diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50(11): 753-760
  13. Pongou R, Ezzati M, Salomon JA. Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: 98 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-98
  14. Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Costacou T. Disparities in food habits across Europe. Proc Nutr Soc 2002; 61(4): 553-558
  15. Kwon SO, Oh SY. Association of household food insecurity with socioeconomic measures, health status and nutrient intake in low income elderly. Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(8): 762-768
  16. Oh SY, Hong MJ. Food insecurity is associated with dietary intake and body size of Korean children from low-income families in urban areas. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57(12): 1598-1604 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601877
  17. Oh SY, Kim MY, Hong MJ, Chung HR. Food security and children's nutritional status of the households supported by the national basic livelihood security system. Korean J Nutr 2002; 35 (6): 650-657
  18. Yang EJ, Bang HM. Nutritional status and health risks of low income elderly women in Gwangju area. Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(1): 65-76
  19. Lee JS. A comparative study on the dietary attitudes and nutritional status of preschool children in different income levels in Busan. Korean J Community Nutrition 2006; 11(2): 161-171
  20. Kim BH, Lee JW, Lee HS, Jang YA, Kim CI. Food and nutrient consumption patterns of the Korean adult population by income level - 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutrition 2005; 10(6): 952-962
  21. Kim SH, Kang HK, Kim JH. Socio-economic factors affecting the health and nutritional status of the aged. Korean J Nutr 2000; 33(1): 86-101
  22. Kim Y. Food and nutrient consumption patterns of Korean adults by socioeconomic status. Korean J Community Nutrition 2001; 6 (4): 645-656
  23. Chung H, Eum YH. A study on the children's eating habits and food preference according to their parents' economic status (II) - Seoul & Gyeonggi (Incheon) Area. Korean J Nutr 2008; 41 (1): 89-99
  24. Chung H, Eum YH, Kim JY. A study on the children's eating habits and food preference according to their parents' economic status (I) - Seoul & Gyeonggi (Incheon) Area. Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(4): 77-88
  25. Jeong JH, Hwang DS, Kum JH, Lee BH, Park CL. A study on the working poor in Korea. Report No 2005-03, Korea Labor Institute; 2005
  26. Lee HJ, Kim MG, Noe DM, Kang SH, Son BD, Ryu JY, Lim YS. The structure of poverty in Korea. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for Health and Social Welfare, Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2006
  27. Korea Health Industry Development Institute. The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005 - Nutrition Survey. Seoul, Korea: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2006
  28. GuthrieHA, Scheer JC. Validity of a dietary score for assessing nutrient adequacy. J Am Diet Assoc 1981; 78(3): 240-245
  29. Ries CP, Daehler JL. Evaluation of the Nutrient Guide as a dietary assessment tool. J Am Diet Assoc 1986; 86(2): 228-233
  30. Gibson RS. Nutritional assessment. New York, Oxford University Press; 1990
  31. Alaimo K, Briefel RR, Frongillo EA, Jr., Olson CM. Food insufficiency exists in the United States: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Public Health 1998; 88(3): 419-426 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.3.419
  32. Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Report on 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey - Nutrition Survey. Seoul, Korea: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2002
  33. Song YJ, Joung HJ, Kim YN, Paik HY. The Physical Development and Dietary Intake for Korean Children and Adolescents: Food and Nutrient Intake. Korean J Nutr 2006; 39(1): 50-57
  34. Koletzko B, de la Gueronniere V, Toschke AM, von Kries R. Nutrition in children and adolescents in Europe: what is the scientific basis? Introduction. Br J Nutr 2004; 92 Suppl 2: S67-73 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041168
  35. Linardakis M, Sarri K, Pateraki MS, Sbokos M, Kafatos A. Sugar-added beverages consumption among kindergarten children of Crete: effects on nutritional status and risk of obesity. BMC Public Health 2008; 8: 279 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-279
  36. Balding J. Food choices and weight control. In: Balding J, editor. Young people in 2000, Exeter: SHEU; 2001
  37. Gregory J, Lowe S, Bates C, Pretice A, Jackson L, Smithers G, Wenlock R, Farron M. National diet and nutrition survey: Young people aged 4-18 years, London: The Stationery Office; 2000
  38. World Health Organization. Prevention in childhood and youth of adult cardiovascular disease: time for action. WHO, Geneva; 1990
  39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nutrition and the health of young people. Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2006
  40. Ferraro KF, Thorpe RJ, Jr., Wilkinson JA. The life course of severe obesity: does childhood overweight matter? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003; 58(2): S110-S119 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.S110
  41. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 2001; 108(3): 712-718 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.3.712
  42. Kiess W, Reich A, Muller G, Meyer K, Galler A, Bennek J Krafzsch J. Clinical aspects of obesity in childhood and adolescence- diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25 Suppl 1: S75-S79 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801482
  43. Okasha M, Gunnell D, Holly J, Davey Smith G. Childhood growth and adult cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 16(2): 225-241 https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0204
  44. Miquel J. Nutrition and ageing. Public Health Nutr 2001; 4 (6A): 1385-1388
  45. Whynne A. Nutrition in older people. Nutr Food Sci 1999; 5: 219-223
  46. Diehr P, Beresford SA. The relation of dietary patterns to future survival, health, and cardiovascular events in older adults. J Clin Epidemiol 2003; 56(12): 1224-1235 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00202-6
  47. Fletcher AE, Breeze E, Shetty PS. Antioxidant vitamins and mortality in older persons: findings from the nutrition add-on study to the Medical Research Council Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(5): 999-1010 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.5.999
  48. Attree P. Low-income mothers, nutrition and health: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Matern Child Nutr 2005; 1(4): 227-240
  49. James WP, Nelson M, Ralph A, Leather S. Socioeconomic determinants of health. The contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. BMJ 1997; 314(7093): 1545-1549 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1545
  50. Sung JH. Poverty in the population with vulnerability. In: Kim CY, editor. Poverty and health. Hanul Academy; 2003
  51. Kim YM, Kim MH. Health inequalities in Korea: Current conditions and implications. J Prev Med Public Health 2007; 40(6): 431-438 https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.6.431
  52. Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA, Jr. Importance of cognitive testing for survey items: An example for food security questionnaires. J Nutr Edu 1999; 31: 269-275 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(99)70463-2
  53. Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA, Jr. Food insufficiency and American school-aged children's cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development. Pediatrics 2001; 108(1): 44-53 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.3.e44
  54. Chan W. Nutritional needs of school children. In: Donovan N, Street C, editors. Fit for school: how breakfast club meet health, education and childcare need, London; New Policy Institute; 1999
  55. Gong EJ, Heald FP. Diet, nutrition and adolescence. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, editors. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1994
  56. Asthana S, Halliday J. Researching health inequalities. In: Asthana S, Halliday J, editors. What works in tackling health inequalities? University of Bristol, UK: The Policy Press; 2006
  57. Kim MH, Kim MK, Choi BY, Shin YJ. Educational disparities in the metabolic syndrome in a rapidly changing society - the case of South Korea. Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34(6): 1266-1273 https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi175
  58. Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 2002; 18(10): 872-879 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00916-4
  59. Smith GD, Brunner E. Socio-economic differentials in health: the role of nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 1997; 56(1A): 75-90
  60. Drewnowski A, Darmon N. The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(1 Suppl): 265S-273S https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.1.265S
  61. Joossens JV, Geboers J. Dietary salt and risks to health. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45(5 Suppl): 1277-1288 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1277
  62. South Korean National Statistical Office E. 2002 Annual report on cause of death statistics. Seoul, South Korea: National Statistical Office; 2002
  63. Anderson SA. Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-tosample populations. J Nutr 1990; 120 Suppl 11: 1559-1600
  64. Nord M, Andrews M, Carlson S. Household food security in the United States, 2006. US Department of Agriculture; 2007