• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.208-216
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• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to investigate the status of renal function in patients with COVID-19. The study surveyed a total of 649 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a hospital located in southern Gyeonggi Province, South Korea over a one month period in January 2021. The parameters analyzed were blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The BUN and creatinine of the COVID-19 patients were found to be higher than the normal reference range, specially in males, and in the elderly (60s and 80s or older). The serum electrolyte levels of the patients were observed to be within the reference intervals. Of the subjects, males over 80 years of age had a Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) of 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or less. Recent research suggests that some severe cases of COVID-19 are showing signs of kidney damage, even in those with no prior underlying kidney disease. Thus, assessment of kidney function using multiple indicators could help diagnose abnormal renal function in patients with COVID-19.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

With an increasing trend toward high-rise modular construction, the simultaneous use of tower cranes at a modular construction site has recently been observed. Tower crane layout planning (TCLP) has a significant effect on cost, duration, safety and productivity of a project. In a modular construction project, particularly, poor decision about the layout of tower cranes is likely to have negative effects like additional employment of cranes and redesign, which will lead to additional costs and possible delays. It is, therefore, crucial to conduct thorough inspection of field conditions, lifting materials, tower crane capacity to make decisions on the layout of tower cranes. However, several challenges exist in planning for a multi-crane construction site in terms of safety and collaboration, which makes planning with experience and intuition complicated. This paper suggests a multi-objective optimization model for selection of the number of tower cranes, their models and locations, which minimizes cost and conflict. The proposed model contributes to the body of knowledge by showing the feasibility of using multi-objective optimization for TCLP decision-making process with consideration of trade-offs between cost and conflict.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.267-281
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• 2021

The shift in the perspective on learning as participation draws attention to learners' identity work. This manuscript foregrounds the ongoing and fluid processes of identity, and focuses on the structure surrounding learners where identity work occurs and the expression of individual agency. From the perspective of learning as participation, we introduce Holland et al. (1998) identity-in-practice theory, as the theoretical lens that dialectically describes structure, agency and identity. The concepts representing this theory are 'figured world', 'positionality' and 'authoring self'. The figured world is a web of meaning encompassing the continuous construct/reconstruct through human actions and also exerts as the social force that shapes human actions. 'Positionality' on the other hand, means an understanding of one's social position in the world. The notion of 'authoring self', is a dimension that synthesizes the above two concepts, which describes the improvisation of one's self through the orchestration and collaboration of various social voices. Next, we analyzed and described various cases of this theory that we found within the scope of science education. However, due to the nature of this theory, which takes a sociocultural approach, international research studies cannot be simply applied to the Korean context. Therefore, we sought to expand the applicability of this theory as a methodological tool, by discussing the directions in which this theory can be used in a domestic context. It is intended that the introduction of this theory, which emphasizes multi-layered, continuous and cumulative identity work, will be used as a resource to further expand the horizon of science education reform that is required for the times.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

This study started from the question of what we think about big data as the term "big data" was used and discussed in our daily lives in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. For the analysis, the final 30 Q samples were selected based on prior research related to big data, and 23 respondents were secured for Q analysis, and the following results were derived. First, the explanatory power of each type was 34.30% for , 8.03% for , 7.21% for , and 6.24% for , showing a total of 55.69%. Second, the Q sample emphasized by respondents by each type shows various occupational distributions in , and for 'big data', it is 'digital' and future'. So they were named 「Digital Type」. In , the distribution of 'social workers' was high, and for 'big data', 'future', 'collaboration', 'welfare', 'local residents', and 'defense' were emphasized. It was named 「welfare type」. In , the job distribution of respondents appeared evenly, and it was named as 「Convergence Type」. Because it emphasized statements such as 'convergence', 'digital', 'future', and 'sports'. is composed of association officials, sports instructors, and graduate students, and was named 「Artificial Intelligence Type」, because it emphasizes 'artificial intelligence', 'new paradigm', 'network', and 'sports'. In the age of knowledge industrialization and knowledge informatization that followed industrialization and informatization, how to process and utilize the numerous data accumulated over the years is an important task. Right now, in sports, more than anything else, it is necessary to continuously seek ways to utilize and activate accumulated big data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-221
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• 2022

The shortcomings of the previous Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory in practice have led to the limitations of the conventional crime prevention design process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the graftability of the third generation CPTED theoretical framework and the Double Diamond design process from a design perspective. Thus, the third generation CPTED visualization design process is proposed to be grafted with the Double Diamond design process. In the study, the propositions, goals, strategic approaches, and liveability principles of the third-generation theoretical framework are clarified according to the relevant studies by scholars. In addition, the study identifies the limitations of conventional crime prevention design processes in terms of practicality and effectiveness, based on corrections from research in different scientific fields. On this basis, the Framework of Innovation of the British Design Council was used to clarify the benchmarks and foundations for the grafting of the third-generation theoretical framework and the Double Diamond design process. In addition, the details of the grafting are analyzed and explained in terms of phase outputs and phase activities. The significance of the study is that the third-generation CPTED visualization design process, which is grafted to the Double Diamond design process, can help residents to implement behaviors that reflect their self-worth and create a state of engagement. As well, it can inform the collaboration between design and non-design staff in CPTED projects.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.593-609
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• 2021

We proposed a numerical method for the thermo-mechanical behavior of rock fracture using a grain-based distinct element model (GBDEM) and simulated thermally induced fracture slip. The present study is the benchmark simulation performed as part of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G, which aims to develop a numerical method to estimate the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes within the crystalline rock fracture network. We represented the rock sample as an assembly of Voronoi grains and calculated the interaction of the grains (blocks) and their interfaces (contacts) using a distinct element code, 3DEC. Based on an equivalent continuum approach, the micro-parameters of grains and contacts were determined to reproduce rock as an elastic material. Then, the behavior of the fracture embedded in the rock was characterized by the contacts with Coulomb shear strength and tensile strength. In the benchmark simulation, we quantitatively examined the effects of the boundary stress and thermal stress due to heat conduction on fracture behavior, focusing on the mechanism of thermally induced fracture slip. The simulation results showed that the developed numerical model reasonably reproduced the thermal expansion and thermal stress increment, the fracture stress and displacement and the effect of boundary condition. We expect the numerical model to be enhanced by continuing collaboration and interaction with other research teams of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G and validated in further study experiments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

This study examines the actual operation and performance of the public participation platform by analyzing various public participation processes from 2018 to 2021, when 'Gwanghwamun 1st Street', a representative public participation platform operated by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, was launched. Through this, the influencing factors that were able to successfully induce the process of policyization through public participation were derived as follows. First, online participation channels were diversified to encourage public participation. Second, it is also important that the public opinion contest and compensation for public review were implemented to encourage and expand public participation. Third, the participation of experts was encouraged to refine and refine the people's ideas. Through these research results, it is judged that the Korean government will be able to contribute to inducing the policyization process through continuous public participation. In deriving success factors for policyization through public participation in the future, how influencing factors such as the public participation process, communication through online channels, and collaboration with experts affect the public participation process using quantitative analysis techniques A study to prove it will have to be conducted subsequently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2022

The food self-sufficiency rate of agricultural products in Korea, excluding rice, is around 20%, and the government is promoting various policies including a Multiple-Purpose Utilization of Paddy Fields project, to increase the self-sufficiency rate of major grains. The project for Multiple-Purpose Utilization of Paddy Fields is being promoted as a part of a program to create farmland infrastructure to facilitate the cultivation of crops other than rice in rice paddies, and pilot projects were started in four regions in 2020. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic effects of the pilot project for Multiple-Purpose Utilization of Paddy Fields, and to propose policies to increase the effectiveness of the project. In order to analyze the economic effect, we estimated the change in farm income generated by switching from rice to other crops, and measured the effect of welfare change using the Equilibrium Displacement Model (EDM). As a result of the analysis, social welfare is expected to increase when the pilot project for Multiple-Purpose Utilization of Paddy Fields is implemented, and the income of the beneficiary farmers is also expected to improve compared to that of single-cropping when double-cropping is implemented. However, it was found that the economic feasibility of the project differs depending on the crops converted. Juksan-myeon, Gimje-si, which is an area where soybean production was successful, was analyzed from the viewpoint of increasing the economic feasibility of the pilot project. Their success factors were analyzed into four major factors: infrastructure, farming methods, education, and collaboration with local agricultural organizations. If such a success story can be utilized in the future project implementation process, it can contribute to the improvement of farm household income and national economic welfare.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.47-58
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• 2022

This research presented development contents for application of realistic content approach study that can experience T-ball sports used in regular physical education classes at indoor space with screen. The scope of application can be used for ball sports training in virtual reality sports room of elementary and junior high schools. The approach process presents an appropriate approach system for sustainable training education which is to improve T-ball sports training to target users through consultation-based collaboration with sports experts and T-ball leaders, focusing on basic training content of T-ball textbooks. In other words, the training mode was designed to induce immersion in T-ball sports classes and provide natural basic training for students at elementary schools rather than simply experience-based realistic content. The developed training content provided basic attack training according to weekly differentiated curriculum, and the approach process of training mode by difficulty level was presented to allow the user to improve the training by the degree of difficulty. In addition, the match mode approach process that reflects the game rules of T-ball sports was presented. This study can be presented as a reference production case that can be used to improve basic training and physical exercise of ball sports for industries related to development of realistic content.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Medical waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material and recommended not to be transferred for infection control. As a means of disposal, incineration has better points than dumping or landfill in the quantity reduction, odorless and nonhazardous. However, open burning and incineration of health care wastes under bad circumstances, can result in the emission of environmental pollutants to air. A burial of biological waste brings pollution of soil and water. Most of sub divisional hospitals in Fiji transfer their medical wastes to divisional hospitals for incineration. In 2011, 62,518 kg of medical waste was incinerated in the three divisional hospitals. However, some medical wastes are considered as general waste and burnt or sent to landfill site, some are buried on site in some sub-divisional hospitals. In this regards, urgent education is necessary for awareness promotion to relevant personnel in medical waste treatment. On site incineration using small scale incinerator is more recommended than transportation of medical wastes treatment in Fiji. Moreover, remotely controllable and fixable small scale of incinerator is more desirable in sub-divisional hospitals. It is recommended that Fiji government to set up a legal framework for medical waste management (MWM), to develop specific guidelines for MWM, to set up a training system for MWM to ensure that all relevant personnel are trained, to develop a monitoring and supervision system for MWM, to clarify the future financing of MWM activities, and to improve the MWM infrastructure.