• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2001

Winter cereals are acclimated during wintering, and thereafter their freezing resistance is increased. In order to analyze inheritance and heritabilities for photoinhibition of photosynthesis by high light intensity under low temperature, and to evaluate the relationship between low temperature-induced photoinhibition and winter survival, 4 parental half diallel crosses were used. The detached leaves of 7-8cm long from plants grown for 35 and 55 days were placed on wet filter paper and placed in trays at 5$^{\circ}C$ cold room with 1,200 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PPFD. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured with a chlorophyll fluorescence system after dark adaptation for 30 min. The Fv/Fm of 35day old plants was reduced from 0.714 in the control leaves to 0.409 and 0.368 following photoinhibitory treatment of 6h and 8h and the CVs were increased from 0.8% to 22.2-22.3%. The Fv/Fm of 55-day old plants was reduced from 0.775 in the control leaves to 0.485 and 0.439 following photoinhibitory treatment of 10h and 12h, respectively. According to half diallel cross analysis, Reno and Dongbori 1 (highly resistant to photoinhibition) was dominant, but Oweolbori (susceptible to photoinhibition) was recessive, and photoinhibition showed partial dominance with highly additive gene action. Dongbori 1 showed the greatest GCA effects for photoinhibition, and GCA/SCA ratios (8.7-22.3 times) indicated that the additive variance for the character was more important. Winter survival in barley crosses was positively correlated with resistance to photoinhibition and significantly fitted by linear regression ($R^2$=0.751$^{**}$-0.779$^{**}$). The chlorophyll fluorescence measured by Fv/Fm has been found to be highly inheritable and very useful in evaluating relative levels of freezing resistance in barley.ley.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2014

Plant senescence is one of the survival strategies to use limited nutrients efficiently during growth, development and adaptation. In this study, we isolated a gene (PagSEN1) homologous to SENESCENCE 1 from Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa. The PagSEN1 gene encodes a putative protein consisting of 243 amino acids containing a rhodanese domain. Southern blot analysis suggested that two copies of the PagSEN1 gene are present in the poplar genome. We characterized its transcriptional expression under various conditions mimicking senescence and environmental stresses. The PagSEN1 was expressed most strongly in mature leaves but most weakly in roots. The gene was significantly up-regulated by treatments with mannitol, NaCl, ABA and JA, but not by cold, SA and GA3. These results indicate that PagSEN1 is involved in senescence response induced by environmental stresses.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.515-521
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to analyze arterial stiffness of Jeju female divers who diver into cold water without the assistance of oxygen. For this purpose we measured pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index of Jeju female divers and same aged females who didn't have any cardiovascular risk for comparing the vascular stiffness. The results were the following : First, the light-femoral pulse wave velocity of Jeju female divers was significantly lower than normal women of the same ages. Second, Jeju female divers's ABI showed higher tendency than normal same aged women. These result showed that Jeju female divers' body had been completed for adaptation to low temperature and high pressure water environment through a long-term immersion activities in old age, as well as due to higher physical activity levels of Jeju female divers peripheral vascular resistance was not reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions, to find problems, and to present an improvement plan of interior landscape in the subway stationis. Moreoiver, it will presume the possibilties to develop the subway and ways to utilie underground space effectively. The results are summarized as follows A light intensity was recorded 0-100 Lux as the lowest light and 500 Lux below as the highest in 61 subway stations. An average temperature of 12 $^{\circ}C$and an air humidity of 38% were recorded over a 4 month period from January to April, but includes a drastic variaton between -8.5$^{\circ}C$ and 21.5$^{\circ}C$. Soil acidity of pH 7 below and soil moisture of 1-2 wet degree were apeared in subway stations mostly. Plant forms consisted of artificial flower & flower. Plant species were recorded at a total of 54 species and appeared in the order of Araucaria heteropylla, Ophiophogon jaburan, Aspidistra elatior cv. 'Asahi' and Hedera helix. Plant height was, for the most part, below 0.5m. Plant species that was fined of conditions were Palm, Camellia japonica, Araucaria heterophylla as a high plant, dracaena fragrans, dracaena deremensis cv. Wakneckii as a middle plant, and Ophiopogon jaburan, Hedra helix, ytomium falcatum, Aspidistra elatior cv. Asahi as a low plant. It used to water materials such as small pool, small cascade, water cycles and natural materials such as natural rock, small rock, sand, bark and animal materials such as squirrels, birds, goldfish as an object for plants in the subway stations. From these actual conditions, First of all, It must make up physical environments such as light, temperature humidity, soil for plant growth, and is important to chooce suitable indoor plants and draw up systematic management in the subway environments. Also, it change plants frequently and uses variable objects for subway stationi individuatism, Moreover, indoor plants with strong environmental adaptation abities such as shade tolerance, drought tolerance and cold tolerance need to develope variable species possibly. If these improvements occur, utilization and amenity of subway stationis will increase, according to the use of interior landscape.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.13
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• 2020

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes a form of porcine pleuropneumonia that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The apxIBD gene is responsible for the secretion of the ApxI and ApxII toxins and the pnp gene is responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to cold temperature and a virulence factor. The apxIBD and pnp genes were deleted successfully from APP serotype 1 and 5 by transconjugation and sucrose counter-selection. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants lost hemolytic activity and could not secrete ApxI and ApxII toxins outside the bacteria because both mutants lost the ApxI- and ApxII-secreting proteins by deletion of the apxIBD gene. Besides, the growth of these mutants was defective at low temperatures resulting from the deletion of pnp. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated compared with wild-type ones. However, mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp did not provide any protection when challenged with a 10-times 50% lethal dose of virulent homologous (APP5) and heterologous (APP1) bacterial strains, while mice vaccinated with APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp offered 75% protection against a homologous challenge. The ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated and gave different protection rate against homologous virulent wild-type APP challenging.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.524-533
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• 2023

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for aging and many diseases, and the disorder of lipid metabolism makes it prominent. This study aims to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on aging, lipid metabolism and stress resistance Methods: Rg1 was administered to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) cultured in NGM or GNGM. The lifespan, locomotory activity, lipid accumulation, cold and heat stress resistance and related mRNA expression of the worms were examined. Gene knockout mutants were used to clarify the effect on lipid metabolism of Rg1. GFP-binding mutants were used to observe the changes in protein expression Results: We reported that Rg1 reduced lipid accumulation and improved stress resistance in C. elegans. Rg1 significantly reduced the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes in C. elegans. However, Rg1 did not affect the fat storage in fat-5/fat-6 double mutant or nhr-49 mutant. Combined with network pharmacology, we clarified the possible pathways and targets of Rg1 in lipid metabolism. In addition, Rg1-treated C. elegans showed a higher expression of anti-oxidative genes and heat shock proteins, which might contribute to stress resistance Conclusion: Rg1 reduced fat accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism via nhr-49 and enhanced stress resistance by its antioxidant effect in C. elegans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.519-530
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• 2016

Vegetative plants in Yakutia are naturally frozen when they are covered with snow in the fall, and they function as green cryo-fodder that is a source of biologically active substances and nutrients for herbivorous animals. We observed a considerable increase in the total fatty acid content in the leaves of Avena sativa, Elytrigia rеpens, Equisetum variegatum and Equisetum scirpoides during the fall period. However, the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids was not higher in the frozen plants covered with snow than in the summer plants, with the exception of E. scirpoides, a dwarf horsetail found in the Pole of Cold in the northern hemisphere. In the internal adipose tissue of the Yakut horse (young horse meat), 18 fatty acids were found, including 10 saturated ones. Monounsaturated oleic С18:1 (n-9) acid and polyunsaturated α-linolenic С18:3 (n-3) acid were equally prevalent among the unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for 70% of the total unsaturated fatty acids. This composition of polyenoic fatty acids in the internal adipose tissue indicates that the Yakut horse actively feeds on the fall vegetation and the wintergreen sedge-grass. We believe that the high plant-specific free fatty acid content in the tissue of Yakut horses may play an important role in the regulation of their resistance to long-term low-temperature stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

The YrdC superfamily is a group of proteins that are highly conserved in almost all organisms sequenced so far. YrdC in Escherichia coli was suggested to be involved in ribosome biogenesis, translation termination, cold adaptation, and threonylcarbamoyl adenosine formation in tRNA. In this study, to unambiguously demonstrate that yrdC is essential in E. coli, we constructed two yrdC mutant strains of E. coli and examined their phenotypes. In the temperature-sensitive yrdC mutant strain, cell growth stopped almost immediately under nonpermissive conditions and it appeared to accumulate 16S ribosomal RNA precursors without significant accumulation of 30S ribosomal subunits. We also cloned yeast and human homologs and demonstrated that they complement the E. coli yrdC-deletion strain. By mutational study, we demonstrated that the concave surface in the middle of the YrdC protein plays an important role in E. coli, yeast, and human versions. By comparison of two yrdC-deletion strains, we also unambiguously demonstrated that yrdC is essential for viability in E. coli and that the functions of its yeast and human homologs overlap with that of E. coli YrdC.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.4
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• pp.203-239
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• 2006

As it is known, during the Second World War Greece has fought on the side of the allies and the end of the war found the country on the winners' side. However, the struggle for authority right after 1945 was merciless and extremely difficult, as well as dangerous for the course of the country to the future. The political powers were divided between the legal authorities that were represented by the king and formed the exiled government on the one hand and the part of the resistance teams and the rebels of the left that had a soviet friendly direction on the other. Thus, the start of a civil war was just a matter of time. It fin ally started in 1947 and lasted for more than two years. The consequences were disastrous for the country's economy and decisive for the future course of Greece. The national army prevailed with the help of, mostly, the English. Royal parliamentary democracy was established with a clear political turn to the west, as a completion and adaptation of the Agreement of the Great Powers at Yalta. Art had a 'similar' route. Dipolar, contradictory: conservative choices on the one side, and a will for pioneering inspiration and perspective on the other side. The 'dominate' trend was first evident in sculpture and mainly in the public monuments. Their construction aimed mostly at the public propaganda and at the promotion of the sovereign ideology. On the one side we have the public sculptures composed of faces of contemporary heroes or leading figures of the civic war and the national resistance. On the other side we have monumental statues mainly that appeal to a 'public' outside of the country's borders and mostly of the north borders, where there are countries with a communistic regime, like Bulgaria, Serbia and Albania. Their subject is derived from the heroic events of the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and ancient historical figures like Alexander the Great as the Greek army leader, his father, Philippos II and Aristotle, who was of a north-Greek origin. The political message is twofold: on the one side the 'inner enemy' the communists that were defeated and the promotion of the new liberal social system and on the other side the north neighbours, which not only represent the East Block, but they also conspire the history and the culture of the Greeks. This is the way how the 'Cold War' was resulted in a full and totalitarian expression in art.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.59-73
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental Conditions In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was $27.4{\pm}3.7^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $14.4{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was $18.3{\pm}4.8^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $7.6{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$ on the average. 2. Skin Temperature In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were $33.81{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C\;and\;31.57{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.24^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, they were $31.95{\pm}1.93^{\circ}C\;and\;29.86{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.09^{\circ}C$. 3. Clothing Climate In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were $34.77{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C\;and\;70.75{\pm}1.65%$ indoor, $31.9{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C\;and\;51.9{\pm}3.70%$ outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were $32.52{\pm}1.04^{\circ}C\;and\;64.65{\pm}3.68%$ indoor, $30.27{\pm}0.96^{\circ}C\;and\;45.07{\pm}2.68%$ outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as 'slightly warm' or 'warm' indoor and as 'neutral' in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as 'neutral' or 'slightly warm' outdoor the house and as 'cold' in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as 'uncomfortable' or 'slightly uncomfortable' indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as 'comfortable' in the spring and as 'slightly uncomfortable' in the winter.