• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1279-1291
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• 2000

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the concept of hope, so to provide basic data to develop a valid instrument to measure hope, and to develop hope enhancing nursing intervention a program for cancer patients. The hybrid model approach was applied in three phases, the theoretical phase, the empirical phase, and the analytic phase. The study was developed on universal attributes explaining generalized hope and specific hope, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. In the empirical phase, eight cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were interviewed to reveal causes, motivation, and their resource of hope according to The Hope Assessment Guide (Farren, Herth, & Popovich, 1995). In the analytical phase, the results of the two previous stages of the study were compared. The results were as follows : In the theoretical phase, six dimensions of hope emerged; affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual dimension. The antecedent of hope was loss, crisis, uncertainity, and stress. The consequences were renewal, development of new methods, safety, peace and transcendental competence. In the empirical phase, these six dimensions emerged as theoretical phases were verified and specified as these descriptive terms: feeling, intention, expectation, activity, relation, future- orientation, reality and goal-setting. The antecedent factor of hope was occurrence or recurrence of cancer. The consequence of hope was ability to cope with real condition, feeling of safety and comfort, peace, development of new strategy and recovery of disease. The major content of hope in this phase was related to specific hope, but it was also influenced on by general hope. In the analytic phase, general and specific hope was renamed as trait and state hope. All attributes emerged at the empirical phases, and also emerged at the theoretical phase. However, cognitive and contextual dimensions were revised and specified. In conclusion, the concept of hope is divided into trait hope and state hope, and state hope is an anticipatory expectation that occurs at the time of a stressful stimulus, such as being diagnosed with cancer. Hope is a multidimensional dynamic energized mental state which has the dimensions of affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual. There should be further studies to develope the state and trait hope scale according to definition and attributes of hope investigated in this study. In addition, considering results of the empirical phase, the family is very a important factor as a resource of hope, so it is necessary to consider family in implementing a nursing intervention program to enhance hope.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.417-420
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• 2002

Recent works in the area of multimedia studies focus on a wide range of issues from the impact of multimedia on culture to its impact on economics and anything in between. The interconnectedness of the issues raised by this new practice is complicated by the fact that media are rapidly converging: in a very real way, multimedia is becoming a media prism that reflects the way in which media continually influence each other across disciplines and cultural borders. Thus, the impact of multimedia reflects a complicated crossroads where media, human experience, culture and technology converge. An effective design is generally based on shaping aesthetics for function and utility, with an emphasis on ease of use. However, in designing for cyberspace, it is possible to create narratives that challenge the interactor by encoding in the design an instructional aspect that teaches new approaches and forms. Such a design offers an equally aesthetic experience for the interactor as they explore the meaning of the work. This design approach has been used constructively in many applications. The crucial concern is to determine how little or how much information must be presented for the interactor to achieve a suitable level of cognition. This is always a balancing act: too much difficulty will result in interactor frustration and the abandonment of the activity and too little will result in boredom leading to the same negative result In addition, it can be anticipated that the interactor will bring her or his own level of experiential cognition and/or accretion, to the experience providing reflective cognition and/or restructure the learning curve. If the design of the application is outside their present experience, interactors will begin with established knowledge in order to explore the new work. Thus, it may be argued that the interactor explores, learns and cognates simultaneously based on primary experiential cognition. Learning is one of the most important keys to establishing a comfort level in a new media work. Once interactors have learned a new convention, they apply this cognitive knowledge to other new media experiences they may have. Pierre Levy would describe this process as a "new nomadism" that creates "an invisible space of understanding, knowledge, and intellectual power, within which new qualities of being and new ways of fashioning a society will flourish and mutate" (Levy xxv 1997). Thus, navigation itself of offers the interactors the opportunity to both apply and loam new cognitive skills. This suggests that new media narrative strategies are still in the process of developing unique conventions and, as a result, have not reached a level of coherent grammar. This paper intends to explore the cognitive aspects of new media design and in particular, will explore issues related to the design of new media interfaces. The paper will focus on the creation of narrative strategies that engage interactors through loaming curves thus enhancing interactivity.vity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2012

본 연구팀의 선행 연구 결과, L. helveticus IDCC3801의 발효유 주정 침전물이 BACE의 활성 억제를 통한 amyloid beta($A{\beta}$) 생성 저해효과를 갖고 있음을 확인하였다(15). 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 L. helveticus IDCC3801의 발효유 주정 침전물의 산업화를 위한 공정 개선연구를 진행하였고, 대량생산을 통해 LHFM을 확보하였다. 본 연구는 LHFM의 인지기능 개선 기능성 입증 연구로써 $A{\beta}$ 저해효과 외에 신경세포 보호효과 및 기억력 개선 효능을 확인하고 어떠한 작용 기전으로 개선 효과가 나타나는지 조사한 것으로 scopolamine으로 기억 손상을 유발한 mouse에서 학습 능력과 기억력 개선 효과, 신경세포 보호 효과, AChE 저해와 ACh 증가 효과 등을 평가하였다. LHFM은 신경세포 사멸을 유도하는 고농도의 glutamate가 존재하는 환경에서 농도 의존적으로 신경세포의 사멸을 억제하여 신경세포를 보호하였다. 또한 LHFM은 in vitro에서 농도 의존적으로 강력하게 AChE의 활성을 저해하였다. 이러한 in vitro 결과들을 근거로 scopolamine으로 기억 손상을 유발한 mouse에서 Morris water maze와 Y-maze 행동 시험을 통해 LHFM의 학습능력과 기억 개선 효과를 조사하였다. LHFM은 Morris water maze에서 실험 2일째부터 escape latency시간을 유의적으로 감소 시켰으며 5일째에서는 정상 mouse와 동등한 수준으로 감소되어 우수한 학습 효과를 보였다. 실험 6일째 platform을 치운 후 시행한 probe trial에서도 platform이 있던 위치에 머무는 회수가 scopolamine을 단독으로 처리한 것보다 유의적으로 높아 장기기억의 개선에도 효과가 있었다. Y-maze 시험에서도 LHFM은 scopolamine 단독 처리군과 비교하여 뚜렷하게 변경 행동력을 증가시켜 여러 행동 시험을 통해 LHFM의 인지기능 개선 효과를 확인하였다. 행동실험 후 hippocampus를 적출하여 ACh 및 AChE의 활성을 측정한 결과, donepezil과 마찬가지로 LHFM은 AChE의 활성을 유의적으로 억제하였으며 또한 ACh 함량도 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 LHFM은 신경세포 보호 효과와 신경전달물질인 ACh의 뇌 조직 내 농도를 높여 인지기능 개선 효과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-106
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review health-related interventions in nursing studies for low-income school-age children and adolescents. Methods: Searches among CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, DBpia, and RISS identified 27 intervention studies published from January 2000 to April 2018. Results: Twenty-seven intervention studies were identified: 12 included psychosocial adaptations and 15 included the healthy lifestyle promotion and disease prevention. The settings were mainly schools and community welfare centers. Many studies were based on social cognitive theory and interventions were provided in a group format. Depression, self-esteem, resilience, self-efficacy for vegetable and fruit consumption, physical activity, and health-related knowledge improved significantly after the health-related interventions. However, the findings were inconsistent with regard to anxiety, peer relationships, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose. Conclusion: There is potential for enhancing outcomes for psychosocial, physical health, and health-related knowledge among low-income school-age children and adolescents. Integrated interventions addressing the physical as well as psychological health of low-income children and adolescents should be conducted. It would be prudent to consider the ethnicity and family background of the child or adolescent. However, rigorous study designs and scientific validation are needed for further evidence.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2023

본 예비연구의 목적은 이미지 생성 인공지능 도구인 DALL-E2를 활용하여 영어 작문 활동을 실시한 후 중학생들의 영어 학습에 미치는 반응을 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 15명의 중학교 영어학습자를 대상으로 3주간 실험 수업을 진행하였으며 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, DALL-E2 활용 영어 작문 활동에 대한 설문조사 결과, 자신감, 흥미 및 인공지능 기반 도구 활용 쓰기에 대한 인식이 긍정적으로 변화하였음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났음을 확인하였으며 이는 인공지능 활용 학습이 영어 작문 및 전반적인 영어 학습에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 의미하였다. 둘째, DALL-E2 활용 영어 작문 활동에 대한 소감문을 내용분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 핵심 주제를 3가지(인지적, 정의적, 심동적 특성)로 추출할 수 있었으며 영어 학습에 있어 인공지능 기반의 DALL-E2의 활용과 접목은 학습에 대한 새로운 흥미와 도전, 의지, 적극성을 높이며 궁극적으로는 영어표현력(productive skill) 향상에 일부 기여한 것으로 해석할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2019

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction and Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture at BL10 on cognition and memory impairment in a mouse dementia model induced by scopolamine. Methods : Fifty ICR mice were divided into 6 groups : Normal group (n=5), Control group (n=9), Positive control group for pharmacopuncture group (n=9, Donepezil 0.75 mg/kg), Positive control group for oral administration group (n=9, Donepezil 5 mg/kg), Pharmacopuncture group (n=9, Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture undiluted solution 10 ml/kg), and Oral administration group (n=9, Hwangryunhaedok-tang 200 mg/kg). For a mouse dementia model, 1 mg/kg scopolamine was intraperitoneally administered to ICR mice. Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture was administered on BL10 for 4 weeks at intervals of 2 days. Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction was given orally for 4 weeks every day. Morris water maze and passive avoidance test were conducted followed by measurement of acetylcholine concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, and the amount of BDNF and p-CREB in the brain. Results : 1. In the Morris water maze test, the time spent staying around the platform significantly increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 2. In the passive avoidance test, the time spent in the bright room significantly increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 3. The level of acetylcholine in brains increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. Also, the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 4. The expression of BDNF and p-CREB decreased in the control group, but increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction and Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture at BL10 may have cognition and memory-enhancing effect in scopolamine-induced dementia in ICR mice via controlling the content of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase, and activating BDNF and p-CREB.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2008

백삼과 홍삼추출물 투여가 scopolamine으로 기억을 손상시킨 실험동물의 학습수행 개선과 뇌조직의 AChE 억제 및 ACh 함량을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 백삼과 홍삼추출물(200 mg/kg, p.o.) 투여는 scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)으로 유발된 기억손상 동물모델의 Morris water maze 시험에서 tacrine 투여군과 대조군처럼 인지훈련이 반복될수록 escape latency 시간이 현저히 감소하였다. probe test에서도 scopolamine 투여군보다 유의적으로 감소하여 인삼추출물이 장기기억(Long-term memory)과 working memory의 개선에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 2. Y-maze test를 통한 실험동물의 자발적 변동행동력은 실험군간 차이가 없었으며, 총 출입회수도 차이가 없어 인삼추출물은 실험동물의 일반적 운동성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 3. 해마조직의 AChE 활성은 인삼추출물 군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적 차이는 없었다. 대뇌피질과 혈청 AChE 활성은 홍삼추출물 투여군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 4. 인삼추출물 투여군의 뇌조직 ACh 함량은 대뇌피질과 해마조직에서 scopolamine 투여군보다 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 그룹간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 5. 이를 통하여 볼 때 인삼추출물 특히 홍삼추출물은 장기기억 활성촉진, AChE 억제, ACh 활성촉진으로 콜린성 신경계를 자극하여 기억 및 학습증진에 매우 효과적으로 작용하는 항치매 물질로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1395-1401
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• 2012

생강과 식물의 인지기능 관련 활성을 검토하고 종류와 산지에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위하여, 시중에서 많이 사용되고 고품질로 알려져 있는 국산 생강과 울금, 미얀마산 울금과 인도산 강황의 항산화 효과, GABA 함량, 활성성분 분석, 그리고 AChE 억제 활성을 측정하였다. 미얀마산 울금 에탄올추출물에서 총 폴리페놀(98 ${\mu}g/mg$), curcumin(97.1 ${\mu}g/mg$), GABA 함량(1.31 ${\mu}g/mg$)이 가장 높았으며, DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 및 AChE 저해능도 비교적 높게 나타났다. 한편, 인도산 강황 추출물도 미얀마산 울금과 비슷한 항산화 효과와 AChE 저해 효과가 나타났으나, curcumin (12.2 ${\mu}g/mg$)과 GABA(0.04 ${\mu}g/mg$) 함량은 매우 낮게 나타났다. 국산 생강과 울금 추출물의 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량은 비슷하였으나(39.7~42.5 ${\mu}g/mg$) 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol 등의 진저롤류를 함유하고 있는 생강 추출물에서 울금보다 높은 라디칼 소거능, 특히 강한 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, AChE 저해능은 두 추출물 모두 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 국내산 2가지 추출물의 GABA 함량(약 1.11 ${\mu}g/mg$)은 미얀마산 울금과 비슷한 정도로 높게 검출되어 라디칼 소거능과 AChE 억제능은 GABA 함량과는 상관성이 없었다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용한 4가지 생강과 식물 추출물의 AChE 억제능은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, curcumin 함량, 라디칼 소거능 및 GABA 함량과는 직접적인 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과와 같이, 미얀마산 울금은 나머지 추출물과 비교하여 높은 항산화 활성과 curcumin 및 GABA 함량, 그리고 비교적 높은 AChE 저해활성을 갖는 강력한 인지능 개선 소재로 활용될 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.333-350
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research learning based on brain science and the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age. Through this, the study aimed to provide a guideline to related Korean Medicine treatments as well as the common nurturing/educational institutions. Methods: All journals and dissertations on brain science based learning methods studied in Korea to date that could be found in the National Assembly Library and the RISS were implemented in the analysis. The terminology used for search was as follows: 1st search, 'Brain'; 2nd search, 'Learning', 'Education'; 3rd search, 'Baby, 'Infant', 'Child'. For the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age, the related contents were extracted from Donguibogam and Liuyi, Sasang constitutional medicine. Results: A total of 30 studies, were collected as data. In the baby stage, the development and myelination of brain neurons are accelerated by experience and learning, highly influenced by social, cognitive and emotional movement. In infancy, the frontal lobe actively develops, so education for development of the prefrontal cortex is suggested. The brain of the infant at this stage can be developed by arts and physical education. In the child stage, the parietal and temporal lobe develop actively. Thus, programs to stimulate brain activity including brain respiration would be helpful in enhancing learning ability, concentration, etc. As evidence for learning and nurturing methodology according to disparity of age from Korean Medicine prospective, the following are listed: Location and time for sexual intercourse before pregnancy, stabilization during pregnancy, baby nurturing methods for nurturing from Donguibogam. Also Liuyi and Sasanag constitutional medicine can be the learning methodology according to disparity of age. And there are acupuncture points on each head section according to age in Donguibogam. Conclusions: Studies on 'brain-science based learning' are continuously being conducted. Based on these studies, diverse new brain-science based learning will be developed in the future. There is also a need to develop the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age in a more systematic and diverse way.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2013

목적 : 본 연구는 노년층의 여성에게 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파자극이 뇌파에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 뇌 기능을 개선하는데 비화학적이고 비침습적인 자극 방법의 후보로써 가능성을 탐구해보고자 실시된 탐색적 연구이다. 방법 : 31명의 건강한 여성 피험자(평균연령, 54.5세)를 대상으로 이중맹검 무작위배정 임상연구가 12세션동안 실시되었다. 시험군에서는 감지할 수 없는 최대의 저주파자극이 실시되었으며(평균전류량, $0.04{\mu}A$), 대조군에서는 거짓자극이 실시되었다. 결과분석을 위해 12세션을 전후로 배경뇌파가 측정되었다. 결과 : 12세션의 자극이 실시된 후 대조군에 비해 실험군의 알파파 상대값은 11채널에서 유의한 증가를 보였으며(p<0.05), 감마파의 상대값은 7채널에서, 세타파의 상대값은 10채널에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 발목관절에 있는 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파 자극은 노년의 여성의 뇌에 베타, 세타, 감마파의 감소를 일으키는 반면 알파파를 선택적으로 증가시켜 뇌를 안정시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 저주파자극이 향후 스트레스와 관련된 인지 문제를 치료하는 비침습적이고 비화학적인 도구로써의 가능성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 그 기전에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.