• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data for older Korean adults completing the Yonsei dual task cognitive screening test (Y-DuCog) and identify changes in cognitive function on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K) with age. Methods : From May 2019 to August 2019, 195 healthy adults aged ≥60 years participated in this study. All participants completed the Y-DuCog to assess their dual-task performance and the MoCA-K to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into three groups based on their age: 60~69 years, 70~79 years, and ≥80 years. Results : The results of the Y-DuCog showed that dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate decreased significantly with age (p<.001). Scores from the three groups showed differences on all items (p<.001). Cognitive function on the MoCA-K also decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.33 ± 2.61 in subjects aged 60~69 years; 24.82 ± 3.20 in subjects aged 70~79 years; and 22.10 ± 4.91 in subjects aged ≥80 years; p<.001). Conclusions : Occupational therapists should be aware of the decline in cognitive function and dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate in older adults and consider interventions to treat this decline. Further studies are needed with larger groups of participants to examine factors, such as sex and education, that may impact dual-task performance and cognitive function.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.953-964
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of negative appeal ads taking social problems as their themes. Two social problem ad themes concerning abortion and drug addiction were selected as stimulus. Questionnaires consisted of questions about affective response cognitive evaluation consumer's characteristics(sex, clothing involvement social problem involvement) and the ad and brand attitudes They were distributed to 200 high school students in Seoul. Results were : 1 The affective response consisted of 4 dimensions(negative inactivating activating positive) and the cognitive evaluation had 3 dimensions(utility·persuasive power creativity awareness) 2. Creativity and awareness dimensions and the ad attitude had positive influence on the brand attitude for the abortion theme ad,. Creativity dimension and consumer's clothing involvement had positive influence on the brand attitude for the drug addiction theme ad . Especially the affective response had no significant influence on the brand attitude. This result suggests that in case of negative appeal ads the affective response does not necessarily degrade the brand attitude while positive cognitive evaluation on creativity and awareness of the could influence the brand attitude favorably through raising attention to the brand resulting in high effectiveness of the ad.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2016

The youth-pursing syndrome is especially amplified through a variety of media due to medical technology development, increases in social activities, and influence. This study discusses the relationship of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact responses focused middle-aged women. Data were collected from 245 females aged 40-65 in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungbuk area residents. The SPSS WIN 21.0 program analyzed the data by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Youth-pursuing derived social, psychological, and outward factors. Only an outward factor of these three dimensions influenced a significant media appearance information interest, and media contact response. The regression analysis results for chronological age and cognitive age, cognitive age influenced all variables significantly (three factors of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact response). But chronological age influenced significantly only the media appearance information interest. This study verified the relationship of youth-pursuing and media variables (media appearance information interest and media contact response).

• 복식
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.32-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive responses and the corresponding behavior responses of consumers who have experiences in not being able to buy a product in an online shopping mall due to it being sold-out. Responses were gathered from 526 consumers between the ages of 20 to 40 years residing in a metropolitan area. Each person surveyed had experienced a situation in which a product that they wanted to purchase from an online shopping mall was sold-out. SPSS 18.0 was used to perform frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis. The first set of results of this study showed positive responses of quality, discernment, scarcity, but also negative cognitive responses of careless management, manipulation of shopping mall management, and common taste. In negative cognitive responses, sold-out situations caused consumers inconvenience. The second set of results revealed that quality, discernment, and careless management had a significant effect on product replacement (Substitute, S); likewise, factors such as quality, discernment, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste had a significant effect on the delay of purchasing decisions (Delay, D). Scarcity, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste also demonstrated significant influence on the incomplete leaving of stores (Incomplete Leave, L1), while discernment, scarcity, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste had a significant influence on the complete leaving of stores (Complete Leave, L2). Previous studies have examined the behavioral response topics of substitute, delay, and leave. These study results suggest that product sellouts at online shopping malls did not have a solely negative effect on consumers. It actually had a positive effect in terms of discernment, scarcity, and the perception of quality of sold-out products. Furthermore, both positive and negative cognitive responses had various effects on behavioral responses.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2001

This paper reports an investigation of problem solving activities of students at university level students. The study focused on the cognitive-metacognitive and affective activities appeared in problem solving process. The cognitive-metacognitive framework was used to analyzed and categorize the written response and free response of interviews probing the students\\` cognitive-metacognitive activities. Affective factors were assessed by administering the problem solving survey (Carlson, The emergence of students\\` problem solving behavior, 1999). This study provide an insight for the design of problem solving instruction by identifying cognitive, metacognitive and affective characteristics of the students\\` problem solving behaviors. The results report that the metacognitive factor were significantly related to problem solving performance interacting with both cognitive and affective factors.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigates whether the effectiveness of self trait-advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement on product evaluations depends on a type of pride felt as ambient emotion. It also explores whether the mediating roles of cognitive and affective response to the effect of the advertisement type on product evaluation are moderated by types of pride such as hubristic pride or authentic pride. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This research uses a restaurant service as the experimental object and employs a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) between-subjects design, with cognitive response and affective response as within-subject. Each experimental group consisted of 40 undergraduate students assigned to participate in the experiment. One questionnaire from the authentic pride and self-trait focused advertisement group and two questionnaires from the hubristic pride and communion-focused advertisement group were removed due to answer errors, resulting in a participant number of 157. The author conducts a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) ANOVA on advertised product evaluations, and to better understand the interaction effects, also conducts separate analysis of the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Additionally, the study conducts mediated moderation analysis to check the mediation role difference of the cognitive response and the affective response to each advertisement on the interaction effects on product evaluations between the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Results - The findings indicate that participants in the hubristic pride group more positively evaluate the product in self-trait focused advertisement, whereas participants in the authentic pride group more positively evaluate the product in communion-focused advertisements. In addition, the mediating role of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation is partially moderated by the pride type. However, the mediating role of affective response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on the product evaluation is not moderated by the pride type. Conclusions - The results of this study contribute to advertisement theory development by exploring interaction effects of ambient pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation, as well as to the theory of consumer behavior by exploring how pride type moderates the mediating roles of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation. From the perspective of the current research, advertisers should research what kinds of events consumers have experienced to increase the effectiveness of their advertisements, and use self-trait advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient hubristic pride, and use communion-focused advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient authentic pride. However, future research is necessary to discover the reasons why the mediating role of affective response to advertisements in the interaction effects of pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation is not moderated by pride type.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

Objectives: S-HTP is a projective test of cognitive activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the response characteristics in the S-HTP test as they related to seven emotions and cognitive processes. Methods: 153 students underwent S-HTP testing. 10 students were excluded and a total of 143 students' data was used for the study. 143 students were classified into four groups by SCAT. A survey was conducted on seven emotions and cognitive processes painting the Whole picture, house, tree, and person, and after receiving IRB review exemption, the chi-square test was conducted to check homogeneity of the groups by gender and age. Finally, frequency analysis by constitution for each item was conducted. Results: The reaction characteristics of S-HTP, focusing on the seven emotions and cognitive processes detailed by Korean Medicine, are as follows: 1. The primary sentiment while drawing during S-HTP was 'Joy (hui)' followed by 'Thought (sah)'. 2. The sentiments while painting during the S-HTP test, and the emotions of looking at the picture after the S-HTP test, increased in 'Joy (hui)' and decreased in 'Thought (sah)'. 3. 'Thought (Sah)' was the highest scored process while drawing S-HTP, followed by 'jee (智)'. However, 'ryeo (慮)' was similar to 'jee (智)' in an unclassifiable constitution. Conclusions: The primary characteristics of the S-HTP test response are 'Joy (hui)' and 'Thought (sah)' in emotion, and 'sah (思)' and 'jee (智)' in cognitive processes. Therefore, it is necessary to verify this during the S-HTP test.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2022

본 연구는 모바일 간편결제 시스템을 사용하는 과정에서 지속적인 사용 의도를 형성하기 위해 신뢰가 구축되는 과정을 감성적 반응 과정과 인지적 반응 과정을 구분하고, 여러 외부 요인들이 각 반응 과정을 통해 지속적 사용 의도 즉, 행동적 반응을 발생시키는 과정을 살펴보았다. 외부 요인은 사회적(사회적 규범, 이미지), 시스템적(간편성, 접근성), 사회적(보안성, 호환성) 특성으로 구분하고, 감성적 반응은 즐거움과 정서적 신뢰, 인지적 반응은 인지적 신뢰, 그리고 종속 변수는 지속 사용의도로 설정하고, 모형 분석을 위해 설문 조사를 실시하고, 분석 결과를 도출하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2000

In this research report, we are presenting several optimization models for cognitive systems by using stimulus-response matrix (S-R Matrix). Stimulus-response matrices are widely used for tabulating results from various experiments and cognition systems design in which the recognition and confusability of stimuli. This paper is relevant to analyze the optimization/mathematical programming models. The weakness and restrictions of the existing models are resolved by generalization considering average confusion of each subset of stimuli. Also, clustering strategies are used in the extended model to obtain centers of cluster in terms of minimal confusion as well as the character of each cluster.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2018

This paper tried to analyze the response of air traffic controller(ATC) against abnormal situations using survey based on cognitive strategies suggested by Malakis et al.(2010). The survey designed to empirically analyze the effect of the cognitive strategy factors on organizational effectiveness. The main purpose of this research was as follows: First, it was analyzed both the individual-scale and team-scale factors which constructed the cognitive strategy against abnormal situations. Secondly, how seriously impact the ATC's cognitive strategies on their organizational effectiveness. The organizational effectiveness was divided into such two latent variables as job absorption and job satisfaction. According to the a analysis, it was proven that premeditated act of ATC had a positive significant effect on team-scale cognitive strategies such as teamwork, communication and error management. Moreover, it was found out the team-scale cognitive strategies had also a positive significant effect on job absorption. On the other hands, individual-scale cognitive strategies had no or negative effect on job absorption. Job absorption was proven to have a significant effect on job satisfaction of ATC.