• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.301-311
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• 2021

Most leadership styles are generally designed to enhance the cognitive and behavioral skills of leaders with the implicit assumption that this would ultimately translate into high performance. As we are moving towards Industry 4.0, organizations must employ leadership styles that will help the organization succeed. Thus, the objective of this paper is to confirm the determinant factors for Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) leadership attributes in Malaysian manufacturing companies. Stratified sampling was used to select the sample. Data was collected using the online survey method, where the response rate was 43 percent. The respondents consisted of respondents aged from 31-40 years old, with 69 respondents. In terms of race, the highest number of respondents are the Malays. Questionnaires were distributed to middle and top-level managers from manufacturing companies which were listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the reliability and validity of the construct. Based on the analysis, 66 items could be used to measure the 4IR leadership attributes. The validation of 4IR leadership can also provide predictive implications on improving leaders' performance, given the different attributes confirmed by the findings.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 2023

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with persistent stress and disruption of neuronal function. Persistent stress causes neuronal atrophy, including loss of synapses and reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are associated with neural dysfunction, including mood disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental function of neural networks in response to various stimuli and acts by reorganizing neuronal structure, function, and connections from the molecular to the behavioral level. In this review, we describe the alterations in synaptic plasticity as underlying pathological mechanisms for depression in animal models and humans. We further elaborate on the significance of phytochemicals as bioactive agents that can positively modulate stress-induced, aberrant synaptic activity. Bioactive agents, including flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and lignans, have been reported to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and release, suppress neuronal loss, and activate the relevant signaling pathways, including TrkB, ERK, Akt, and mTOR pathways, resulting in increased spine maturation and synaptic numbers in the neuronal cells and in the brains of stressed animals. In clinical trials, phytochemical usage is regarded as safe and well-tolerated for suppressing stress-related parameters in patients with depression. Thus, intake of phytochemicals with safe and active effects on synaptic plasticity may be a strategy for preventing neuronal damage and alleviating depression in a stressful life.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.62-74
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• 2023

In response to diverse external stimuli, sensory receptors generate spiking nerve signals. These generated signals are transmitted to the brain along the neural pathway to advance to the stage of recognition or perception, and then they reach the area of discrimination or judgment for remembering, assessing, and processing incoming information. We review research trends in neuromorphic sensory perception technology inspired by biological sensory perception functions. Among the various senses, we consider sensory nerve decoding technology based on sensory nerve pathways focusing on touch and smell, neuromorphic synapse elements that mimic biological neurons and synapses, and neuromorphic processors. Neuromorphic sensory devices, neuromorphic synapses, and artificial sensory memory devices that integrate storage components are being actively studied. However, various problems remain to be solved, such as learning methods to implement cognitive functions beyond simple detection. Considering applications such as virtual reality, medical welfare, neuroscience, and cranial nerve interfaces, neuromorphic sensory recognition technology is expected to be actively developed based on new technologies, including combinatorial neurocognitive cell technology.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.439-456
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• 2020

In online shopping, "out-of-stock" and "sold-out" are used to indicate product unavailability, and this unavailability and its effects on consumers' behaviors have been studied with great interest for practical purposes. However, few studies have specifically discussed out-of-stock and sold-out products in the same paper. We hypothesized that consumers might cognitively interpret items marked out-of-stock and sold-out differently, and in this paper, we studied these potential differences from the perspectives of consumers' emotions, behaviors, and loyalty based on the stimulus-organism-response framework. In order to explore the differences, we used a multi-method approach that consisted of experiments, surveys, and interviews. Specifically, we built an experimental website on which the same products were categorized as either out-of-stock or sold-out, and we measured the participants' emotions, attitudes, and intentions after the experiment. After two weeks, we conducted interviews to confirm our results and to learn more about consumers' everyday behavior. In the results, males and females demonstrated differences in emotion, behaviors, and loyalty with the interaction effects of an item's being marked out-of-stock versus sold-out. We found that the consumers demonstrated different levels of loyalty based on whether the item was marked out-of-stock or sold-out. We discuss the strategic implications of our findings.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.20
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• 2020

Sepsis is conceptually defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Although there has been significant advancement in recent decades in defining and understanding sepsis pathology, clinical management of sepsis is challenging due to difficulties in diagnosis, a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers, and treatment options that are largely limited to antibiotic therapy and fundamental supportive measures. The lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic tests makes it difficult to triage patients who are in need of more urgent care. Furthermore, while the acute inpatient treatment of sepsis warrants ongoing attention and investigation, efforts must also be directed toward longer term survival and outcomes. Sepsis survivors experience incomplete recovery, with long-term health impairments that may require both cognitive and physical treatment and rehabilitation. This review summarizes recent advances in sepsis prognosis research and discusses progress made in elucidating the underlying causes of prolonged health deficits experienced by patients surviving the early phases of sepsis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.299-315
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• 1993

Koreans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in America. Stress responses and stressors among this large cultural minority has been rarely been studied by nursing researchers. Adjusting to life in foreign country produces a great deal of stress. Differences in culture, language, expectations and social behavior can lead to misunderstandings between health care providers and clients. These misunderstandings are not well accounted for in health assessment. This study investigated the relationship between life events or / and daily activities as a stressor and the symptoms of stress among a sample of Korean immigrants in America. The symptoms of stress scale (SOS) was used to identify stress responses and open-ended questions were used to identify life events and daily activities considered by the respondents to be stressful. A simple random sample of 283 subjects was selected from the Directory of the Korean Society of Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Seattle. Demographically, the subjects ranged in age from 20 to 69 years, and the percentage of women and men was approximately 50% each. Almost ninety percent of the subjects were highly educated, 17% owners of business, 19% white collar professionals, 14% employed in sales or as skilled /unskilled labor, 27% as housewives and students and 3％ had no occupation. The total group SOS mean was 0.8042 ; the SOS men for man was 0.7371, and for women was 0.8713. The stress response of this subject group was high, -the stress response of women higher than that for men. In an earlier study(June, 1992) with another sample, the total mean SOS score was similar to this one. The main stressful life events or / and daily activities were, in order, economic problems (N=97), interpersonal problems (N=68), children care problems (N=258), health problems (N=49), communication problems (N=42), family problems (N=38), worry about future career (N=36), and religious problems (N=25). There was a significant difference in the SOS means between the group that expressed life events or / and daily activities to be stressful and the group that did not. Interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems were stressors for those who complained about peripheral manifestations. cardiopulmonary symptoms, central-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle ten-sion, habitual patterns, depression, anxiety, emotional irritability and cognitive disorganization. In summary, interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems influenced stress response manifestations. Income, the number of people in the family, the year of immigration. the level of education, and marital status were related to physiological and psychosocial stress responses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.403-413
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• 1998

The Resilience is described as the personal capacity which brings psychosocial comeback. The role of nursing is to do its best to rehabilitate patients and to explore the individual in order to promote patients psychosocial change. However, as the current nursing is heavily physical nursing oriented, the identity of the nursing would be lost. Therefore this researcher reviewed if the concept of resilience can be applied to the nursing after examing the concept of resilience by Documents and Fieldwork. The methodology of this research is Hybrid Model developed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim for the concept development and analysis. The process and procedure consist of The Theoretical Phase, The Fieldwork Phase and The Final Analytical Phase in accodance with the Hybrid Model. The followings the summary of the Research. 1. The Concept of Resilience Finally Analyzed by Documents and Fieldwork (1) The Redefinition of Resilience The resilience is the latent psychosocial capacity which minimize the negative emotion and promote the adaptation under adversity. Resilience appears as cognitive, emotional and behavioral response in the course of changing from negative response to positive response through the interaction of the individual and the enviroments in a given time. Resilience changes and decreases according to time and situation and it can be nurtured. Resilience is the higher concept including hardiness, sense of coherence and self-strength which maintain the health under stress. (2) The Attribute of Resilience The attribute of resilience was devided into psychological and social dimension. In psychological attributes, there are admittion of reality of situation, denial of negative emotion, desire to live, responsibility, confidence, courage, hope, pursuit of positive meaning, identification and pursuit of goal, self-esteem, reception, spontaneity, planning, positiveness, will power, flexibility and creativity. In social attributes, there are a sense of belonging, perception of social support and active social relations. (3) The Process of Resilience There are 4 resilience phases which were the process minimizing the possibility of the negative chain reactions under adversity, the process minimizing the negative emotion under adversity, the process gaining the desire to live and the process exposing the active social relations. 2. The Application Possibility of Resilience Concept to Nursing The resilience concept is the psychosocial capacity with which an individual manages adversity. As many nursing scientists have developed nursing theory based on this capacity and the identification of nursing has been established in this field, resilience is not the new conception in nursing. However, since resilience appears in the attributes related with the resilience process concretely, it would help a lot when nurses execute psychosocial nursing.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2011

Prior researches on Internet shopping have focused on cognitive, technological factors, but this research is focused on emotions experienced during internet shopping. Examines emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and effect of emotions on internet shopping behavior, specifically focusing on shopping motivation difference. The data, collected from a sample of 323 internet shoppers, indicate that emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and emotional response influencing internet shopping behavior are difference among shopping motivation. Theses results provide insights on internet shopping mall management according to shopping motivation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2006

Purpose : Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects, and early detection and intervention positively impact language/speech and cognitive development. It has been reported that NICU graduates have a high incidence of hearing loss. So we investigated the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of hearing loss in NICU graduates. Methods : This study involved neonatal auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing of newborn infants who graduated from the NICU of Kyungpook National University Hospital during a 3-year period (between July 2002 and June 2005) and subsequent follow-up of these infants. Results : ABR evaluations were performed on 474 infants. Of these infants, 64 showed abnormal ABR (13.5 percent). Of 128 ears from these 64 infants, two ears (1.6 percent) and 10 ears (7.8 percent) were classified as severe and profound hearing loss, respectively. The infants with abnormal ABR had higher incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, very low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, cranio-facial malformation and amikacin treatment over 15 days (P<0.05). In infants with hyperbilirubinemia, the peak level of serum bilirubin, duration of phototherapy and exchange transfusion were not associated with the higher incidence of hearing loss. Follow-up ABR evaluation was performed on 15 infants with abnormal ABR at $8.8{\pm}4.4months$. In follow-up ABR, 80.0% showed improvement or normalization of threshold sensitivity. Conclusion : NICU graduates exhibit high risk for hearing loss. Systemic and effective hearing assessment program is needed for these high risk infants.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.415-424
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• 2003

People store information not only in their Drain but also material things. Norman called it knowledge in the world. The general way to store the information is to paste labels. 4 burner gas range force user to make conceptual model between burner and switch to see labels. but those are cognitive stress. Norman suggested spatial analogies for natural mapping between display and control. However the way of his methods in spatial analogies was not compatible with kitchen atmosphere. To solve those problems 1 suggested color coding . This study hypothesized that the mapping between burner and switch is realized by color coding. To testy the hypothesis 1 compared A group using general gas range with B group using color coded gas range. The result showed difference between A and B in accuracy ( F (1, 38) = 17.892, p < 0.01) and response time ( F (1, 38) = 6.726 p < 0.05). The result of this test is to certify that color coding affect peoples by presenting the difference accuracy and response time. As result this study presents that color coding can be compatible the product having importance to certify in the design process.