• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.325-339
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine sports-related cognitive functions through a systematic review and to suggest effective instruments to measure the cognitive functions. The present study was conducted based on the systematic review and meta-analysis protocol-the PRISMA. Of 429 articles searched through keywords from 2008 to 2020, 45 articles that met the selection criteria were analyzed. It was revealed that athletes had better cognitive functions than non-athletes, that the higher the sports expertise was, the higher the cognitive functions, and that there were differences in cognitive functions according to the sport types. The primary cognitive functions related to sports performance summarized as executive functions (inhibition ability, cognitive flexibility), information processing speed, spatial ability, and attention. As tasks for measuring each cognitive function, a stop signal task for inhibition ability, a design flexibility task for cognitive flexibility, a simple and choice reaction time test for information processing, a mental rotation task for spatial ability, and an attention network test for attention are appropriate.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-301
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health-related physical fitness factors and cognitive function and isolation on 308 elderly over 65 years old in Seoul and Gyeonggi do. The measuring instrument were as follows demographic characteristics(age, education level, drink, spouse, participation on in exercise) and health-related physical fitness(grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, balance), cognitive function (MMSE-K, digit span test) and emotional/social aspects of loneliness and isolation was measured. As a results, first, depending on the degree of demographic characteristics of elderly had significant difference. Second, health-related physical fitness and cognitive function are positive correlated, negative correlation between cognitive function and isolation. Third, health-related physical fitness of the elderly had a significant effect on cognitive function. Fourth, health-related fitness of the elderly had a significant effect on isolation. Fifth, the cognitive function of the elderly had a significant effect on isolation. In conclusion, this study will provide basic data for future aged man welfare studies and contribute to extended studies.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.936-942
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive based programs on cognitive functions in elderly people. Methods. The participants included a group of 9 elderly people in Changwon, from the period of May 2016 to July 2016. The test tools used were MMES-K. SADL. and GDS. The statistics used was the 20.0 version. Results. According to the results of this study, the MMSE, GDS mean scores improved after implentation of the program, but no significant improvement was shown with SADL. The MMSE of the correlation coefficient was 0.785, and the GDS of the correlation coefficient was 0.916. Both of these scores were significant in their correlation. Conclusion. In conclusion, cognitive based programs were effective among mildly cognitive-impaired elderly people, and that suitable programs must be developed on a case by case basis.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.104-114
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and evaluate a dementia prevention intervention program for the elderly with mild cognitive disorder. Methods: The study was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the study were a total of 68 elderly who ranged from 21 to 24 of total scores of K-MMSE, aged over 65, in home. The program consisted of music therapy, humor therapy, art therapy, dancing therapy, recreation, and health education to enhance brain function. The program was applied to the experimental group twice a week, ninety minutes per session for eight weeks. The data were analysed by using chi-square test and t-test. Results: The variables measured in the experimental group and the control group before the intervention were not significantly different in the homogeneity test. The dementia prevention program improved the cognition(t=9.243, p<.001), self-esteem(t=.4.336, p<.001), quality of life(t=8.375, p<.001) and reduced depression(t=-3.913, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings confirmed that the dementia prevention program made a contribution to improving cognitive function, self-esteem, and quality of life and also to reduce depression in the elderly with mild cognition disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that this program could be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for the elderly with mild cognitive disorder.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2014

Alzheimer's disease (AD), most common form of dementia is characterized that memory deficit and loss of cognitive function. This study was evaluated cognitive enhancing effect of water and ethanol extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata and compared using Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. The water and 70% ethanol extracts (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) were administered to mice. The neuroprotective effect on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells was additionally investigated using MTT assay. Results showed 70% ethanol extract of Codonopsis lanceolata enhanced cognitive function than water extract, as shown by decrease in escape latency time in Morris water maze test. In passive avoidance test, 70% ethanol extract also increased the latency time compared to the water extract. Furthermore, 70% ethanol extract significantly protected neuronal cell against glutamate cytotoxicity and showed higher than neuroprotective effect of water extract. These results indicate that 70% ethanol extract more improve spatial cognitive ability and protected neuronal cells than water extract.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.436-441
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to offer clinical primary data that it's aims to examine effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function and biochemical change of rat with alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by injecting scopolamine. Methods: Subjects were instructed cognitive dysfunction model, rat of Sprague-Dawley system was injected with scopolamine and each experimental group was classified into three; group I (n=16) is non-treatment groups; group II (n=16) is applied with the tacrine; group III (n=16) is applied with the tDCS. The ziggurat task test was conducted to observe behavioral changes and cognitive function ability and 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the model. Acetylcholine Esterase (Ach E) activity was examined for biochemical assessment of which the results are followed. Results: Participants showed as to behavioral change, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. As to biochemical change, same as above, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. Conclusion: From these results, confirm that tDCS application to rat with alzheimer's disease leads to positive effects on behavioral, cognitive function changes, and biochemical changes, lasting for certain period of time. This study, in particular, tDCS, which can change excitability of brain cells non-invasively, could provide basic data that is useful as a new treatment way for the patients with cognitive dysfunction.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1493-1501
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to classify the characteristics of each item of CIST evaluation and to find out the degree of recognition of the characteristics of the cognitive tool. Methods: This study was conducted for occupational therapy majors at M University located in Gyeongsangnam-do. The data collection from May to June 2021. Total of 25 copies of the data were finally analyzed, SPSS Statistics 26 was used for data analysis. Results: As a result of the study, the significance level was visual reasoning 1 test strip and the visual reasoning 1 tool. In the relationship between the correspondence 1 figure simulation sheet and the figure simulation tool for each item and statistically significant, and the correspondence 2 visual reasoning 2 sheet. Visual reasoning 2 sheet and visual reasoning tool also showed that was found to be statistically significant. The correlation for visual reasoning 1 sheet and the visual reasoning 1 tool, reasoning 2 tool and visual reasoning 1 sheet, and the visual reasoning 2 tool and the verbal reasoning sheet. Conclusion: In this study, in the CIST items that may be difficult, it is better to attach the actual tool rather than the verbal explanation of the test paper to increase the efficiency of the test and the understanding of subjects with mild cognitive impairment. It was implemented by applying the tool, and it was found that the use of the tool in the visual reasoning item showed a high correlation by item. Furthermore, based on this study, it will be possible to suggest a method to control the difficulty of each subject of the cognitive evaluation tool, and to prepare a standard for future research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 2017

This study developed a occupational therapy convergent activity program to provide dementia patients admitted to the daytime ward, and investigated the program's effect on the hand and cognitive functions and instrumental activities of daily living. A total of 34 dementia patients were divided into two groups: a convergent occupational therapy program and medication were provided for 17 patients, and medication alone was provided for a control group of 17. The intervention was performed for 24 weeks, 8 times per week, 192 times in total. A handgrip strength test was performed to examine hand function before and after the intervention, and the MMSE-K and GDS were performed to evaluate cognitive function. In addition, the K-IADL was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. With intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in hand and cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living. In contrast, the control group did not show improvements in hand and cognitive function or instrumental activities of daily living. In conclusion, the study showed that a convergent/integrated activity program for occupational therapy has a positive effect on hand and cognitive function as well as instrumental activities of daily living.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on cognitive function in elderly people above 65 years of age. Methods : The data were collected from June 1 to August 30 2014. Data were collected by questionnaire from 994 elderly people. The instruments for this study were ADL, IADL, depression, MMSE-DS. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results : The significant factors influencing MMSE-DS were education(${\beta}=-0.314$, p<.001), IADL(${\beta}=0.196$, p<.001), age(${\beta}=-0.168$, p<.001), exercise time(${\beta}=0.089$, p=.004), economic conditions(${\beta}=0.086$, p=.007), depression(${\beta}=-0.084$, p=.001), income(${\beta}=-0.083$, p=.003), sleep time(${\beta}=-0.079$, p=.001), medical insurance(${\beta}=0.059$, p=.024) and leisure(${\beta}=0.057$, p=.039). Conclusions : Based on the study, subjects with cognitive impairment detected at an early stage it is necessary to intervene in consideration of the individual characteristics and to develop and apply the program that improve the living habits such as exercise and sleep, and decreasing depression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to evaluate the correlation of cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL), and driving performance in stroke hemiplegic patients residing in Korea. Methods : Subjects of the study were 18 stroke hemiplegic patients admitted to hospitals situated in Seoul. A clock drawing test (CDT), a modified Barthel index (MBI), and a virtual reality driving simulator (Eca faros-driving simulator) were used to examine their cognitive function, their ADL ability, and their driving skills, respectively. Results : Driving skills of stroke hemiplegic patients were shown to be associated with the CDT evaluation tool (r=-.777) (p<.001), but they were found to have any correlation with MBI (r=-.022) (p>.05). Additionally, an individual's CDT showed that the driving simulator evaluation result (pass/fail) could be discriminated with a sensitivity of 100.0 %, a specificity of 40.0 %, and an accuracy of 66.7 %. The result confirmed that the CDT is a useful evaluation tool for screening driving ability in people with stroke. But the MBI did not show any significant results (sensitivity of 62.5 %, specificity of 40.0 %, and predicted the results of the simulator with 50.0 % of accuracy) (p>.05). Conclusion : This study shows that cognitive function influences the driving performance in people with stroke. Driving skills of stroke hemiplegic patients are seen to be highly related to CDT. In the field of driving rehabilitation, these findings could be useful for evaluating driving skills relating to CDT. Furthermore, the study results will set a guideline for domestic occupational therapists to use the evaluation tool for assessing driving abilities in people with stroke.