• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1990

Complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase E.C.1.15.1.1) was isolated from human liver cDNA library of $\lambda$gt11 by in situ plaque hybridization. The insery cDNA gas the 5' untranslational region (UTR) and 3'UTR of SOD1 gene. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used fro subcloning of SOD1 structural gene. Using synthetic sense strand primer (24mer) containing a start codon and antisense strand primer (24mer), SOD1 structural gene was selectively amplified. Amplified DNA was directly cloned into the HincII site of pUC19 plasmid. Insery cDNA was subcloned into M13 mp19 and sequenced by dideowy chain termination method with Sequenase. The nucleotide sequence of insert cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) coding for 153 amino acid residues. The structural gene of cytoplasmic SOD was placed under the control of bacteriophage $\lambda P_{L}$ regulatory sequences, generating a highly efficient expression plasmid. The production of human SOD1 in E. coli cells was about 7% of total cellular proteins and recombinant human SOD1 possessed its own enzymatic acitivity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2014

Sensor nodes are used for monitoring and collecting the environmental data via wireless sensor network. The wireless sensor network with various sensor nodes draws attention as a key technology in ubiquitous computing. Sensor nodes has very small memory capacity and limited power resource. Thus, it is essential to have energy efficient strategy for the sensor nodes. Since the sensor nodes are operating on the same frequency bands with ISM frequency bands, the interference by the devices operating on the ISM band degrades the quality of communication integrity. In this paper, the convolutional code is proposed instead of ARQ for the error control for the sensor network. The proposed convolutional code was implemented and the BER performance is measured. For the fixed transmitting powers of -19.2 dBm and -25dBm, the BER with various communication distances are measured. The packet loss rate and the retransmission rate are calculated from the measured BER. It is shown that the porposed method obtained about 9~12% and 12-19% reduction in retransmission rate for -19.2 dBm and -25 dBm respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2001

Currently, the compression is one of the most important technology in multimedia society. Audio files arc rapidly propagated throughout internet Among them, the most famous one is MP-3(MPEC-1 Laver3) which can obtain CD tone from 128Kbps, but tone quality is abruptly down below 64Kbps. MPEC-II AAC(Advanccd Audio Coding) is not compatible with MPEG 1, but it has high compression of 1.4 times than MP 3, has max. 7.1 and 96KHz sampling rate. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that decreased the capacity of AAC encoding computation but increased the processing speed by optimizing psychoacoustic model which has enormous amount of computation in MPEG 2 AAC encoder. The optimized psychoacoustic model algorithm was implemented by C++ language. The experiment shows that the psychoacoustic model carries out FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) computation of 3048 point with 44.1 KHz sampling rate for SMR(Signal to Masking Ratio), and each entropy value is inputted to the subband filters for the control of encoder block. The proposed psychoacoustic model is operated with high speed because of optimization of unpredictable value. Also, when we transform unpredictable value into a tonality index, the speed of operation process is increased by a tonality index optimized in high frequency range.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze empowerment process of the disabled. Participants were 11 disabled college students and they were individually face-to-face in-depth interviewed until data were saturated. This study used the grounded theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin(1998). With the qualitative constant comparative analysis, 105 concepts, 22 subcategories, and 12 categories were generated. In the axial coding, a paradigm model was proposed as follows: The central phenomenon of the empowerment process of the disabled adolescents was 'Rising from the Limits'. The causal conditions were 'Just living' and 'realizing disabilities'. The contextual conditions were 'Being excluded', 'But wishing', and 'Breaking down'. The intervening conditions were 'Without giving up' and 'Taking support'. The action/interaction strategies were 'Grasping own lifestyle' and 'Being proactive'. The consequences were 'Acquiring the self-control', 'Getting generosity', and 'Participating in society'. In the selective coding, the core category was 'to live together stately with grasping own lifestyle pro-actively as the disabled'. Based on the core category, three types and 4 stages of the empowerment process of the disabled adolescents were found. The types were 'Social change oriented type', 'Self-development oriented type', and 'Passive effort oriented type' and the stages took 'Isolation stage', 'Rising stage', 'Mastering stage' and 'Stately being together stage'. In particular, this process had the circulation structure of which these 4 stages are not terminated, and developed and repeated. In conclusion, these results convey to us the understanding and knowledge about empowerment process of the disabled as their healthy -whole and unique- development process. And some implications and suggestions for the social work services and theories about the disabled focusing on the pre-adulthood period.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1997

Using the PCR(polymerase chain reaction method), gone 1 of phage K11 coding for K11 phage RNA polymerase has been cloned and expressed under the control of lac promoter. K11 phage RNA polymerase was conventionally purified through the DEAE-sephacel and Affigel blue column chromatographies. The 0.2-0.3 M $NH_4Cl$ fractions of DAEA-sephacel column chromatography showed K11 phage RNA polymerase activity and further purification with Affigel blue column chromatography showed nearly single protein band on SDS-polyacryl amide gel. K11 phage RNA polymerase, which is one of the T7 group phage RNA polymerase (E. coil phage T7, T3 and Salmonella tyhimurium phage SP6 RNA polymerase), shares high degrees of homology with the other T7 group phage RNA polymerase. Previously we constructed T7 and SP6 promoter variants and revealed promoter specificity of T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase (Lee and Kang, 1993). To investigate the promoter specificity of K11 RNA polymerase in vitro K11 promoter activity was measured with SP6 promoter variants. The SP6 promoter variant share highest degrees of sequence homology with K11 promoter sequence show strongest promoter activity.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.44.1-44.13
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• 2022

Brugada syndrome (BS) is an autosomal dominant inheritance cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. Thailand has the highest prevalence of BS worldwide, and over 60% of patients with BS still have unclear disease etiology. Here, we performed a new viral metagenome analysis pipeline called VIRIN and validated it with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of HeLa cell lines and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then the VIRIN pipeline was applied to identify viral integration positions from unmapped WGS data of Thai males, including 100 BS patients (case) and 100 controls. Even though the sample preparation had no viral enrichment step, we can identify several virus genes from our analysis pipeline. The predominance of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) viruses was found in both cases and controls by blastn and blastx analysis. This study is the first report on the full-length HERV-K assembled genomes in the Thai population. Furthermore, the HERV-K integration breakpoint positions were validated and compared between the case and control datasets. Interestingly, Brugada cases contained HERV-K integration breakpoints at promoters five times more often than controls. Overall, the highlight of this study is the BS-specific HERV-K breakpoint positions that were found at the gene coding region "NBPF11" (n = 9), "NBPF12" (n = 8) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) "PCAT14" (n = 4) region. The genes and the lncRNA have been reported to be associated with congenital heart and arterial diseases. These findings provide another aspect of the BS etiology associated with viral genome integrations within the human genome.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

To improve video quality and coding efficiency, H.264/AVC adopted an adaptive rate control. But this method has a problem as it cannot predict an accurate quantization parameter(QP) for the first frame. The first QP is decided among four constant values by using encoder input parameters. It does not consider encoding bits, results in significant fluctuation of the image quality and decreases the average quality of the whole coded sequence. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the first frame QP decision in the H.264/AVC encoder. The QP is decided by the existing algorithm and the first frame is encoded. According to the encoded bits, the new initial QP is decided. We can predict optimal value because there is a linear relationship between encoded bits and the new initial QP. Next, we re-encode the first frame using the new initial QP. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves better quality than the state of the art algorithm, but also adopts a rate control forthe sequence that was impossible with the existing algorithm. By reducing fluctuation, subjective quality also improved.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.3C
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• pp.307-314
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• 2003

In the general multiple video object coder, more interested objects such as speaker or moving object is consistently coded with higher priority. Since the priority of each object may not be fixed in the whole sequence and be variable on frame basis, it must be adjusted in a frame. In this paper, we analyze the independent rate control algorithm and global algorithm that the QP value is controled by the static parameters, object importance or priority, target PSNR, weighted distortion. The priority among static parameters is analyzed and adjusted into dynamic parameters according to the visual interests or importance obtained by camera interface. Target PSNR and weighted distortion are proportionally derived by using magnitude, motion, and distortion. We apply those parameters for the weighted distortion control and the priority-based control resulting in the efficient bit-rate distribution. As results of this paper, we achieved that fewer bits are allocated for video objects which has less importance and more bits for those which has higher visual importance. The duration of stability in the visual quality is reduced to less than 15 frames of the coded sequence. In the aspect of PSNR, the proposed scheme shows higher quality of more than 2d13 against the conventional schemes. Thus the coding scheme interfaced to human- eye proves an efficient video coder dealing with the multiple number of video objects.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.353-358
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups. Results: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4${\pm}$0.9 vs. 5.5${\pm}$1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6${\pm}$2.0 vs. 0.6${\pm}$0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5${\pm}$2.3 vs. 0.7${\pm}$0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS${\geq}$4, NFCS${\geq}$3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group. Conclusion: Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MabrNPV)-K1 isolated in Korea. Polyhedra of MabrNPV-K1 showed irregular appearance in shape with the average diameter $1.8{\mu}m$. MabrNPV-K1 contained a number of nucleocapsids within a viral envelope embedded in polyhedron. The polyhedrin of MabrNPV-K1 was composed of single polypeptide with a M.W. of approximate 31 kDa which is identical to the commercialized MabrNPV, Mamestrin, as a biological control agent. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences within the coding region of MabrNPV-K1 polyhedrin shared 99.0% similarity with the polyhedrin gene from previous reported MabrNPVs. The median lethal concentrations ($LC_{50}$) of MabrNPV-K1 and Mamestrin to M. brassicae larvae were $3.9{\times}10^3$ PIBs/larva and $6.0{\times}10^4$ PIBs/larva, respectively. Mortality of the MabrNPV-K1 against to the third instars larvae was 15 times higher than that of the Mamestrin. The median lethal times ($LT_{50})$ of MabrNPV-K1 by the concentration of polyhedra were lower ($4.4{\sim}6.1$ days) than those of Mamestrin ($4.1{\sim}8.6$ days). These results suggest that a local strain MabrNPV-K1 has high pathogenicity to M. brassicae and may be useful for the development of biological control agent to control this.