• Title/Summary/Keyword: Co-exfoliation

Search Result 32, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Improvement of Skin Moisture Capacity through Dietary Beauty Supplement Containing Ceramides Derived from Rice (쌀 유래 세라마이드를 함유한 미용보조제의 피부미용개선 효과)

  • Kim, Tae-Su;Lee, Sung-Pyo;Park, So-I;Yang, Woong-Suk;Kang, Myung-Hwa;Murai, Hiromichi;Okada, Tadashi;Lee, Jae-Hwan;Park, Il-Bum;Park, Hyun-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.44 no.4
    • /
    • pp.434-440
    • /
    • 2012
  • A placebo-controlled double-blind ingestion study of a beauty supplement containing rice-derived ceramide was performed. Thirty three subjects who always tended to have rough skin due to dryness participated in the study. Dermatological diagnosis by physicians showed that the supplement significantly improved dryness and itching of the skin. On measurement of water content in the skin, the supplement was shown to significantly increase water content in the skin. On microscopic three-dimensional analysis of the epidermis, the supplement was shown to improve smoothness, exfoliation, and short-term ingestion of the supplement containing rice derived ceramide, which is very effective as skin beautifying food.

Conservation treatment of the Bonhwa Bukjiri Maaeyeoraejwasang(Rock-Carved Seated Buddha Statue), Korea (봉화 북지리 마애여래좌상의 과학적 보존처리)

  • Kim, Sa-dug;Choi, Joon-Hyun
    • 보존과학연구
    • /
    • s.34
    • /
    • pp.6-17
    • /
    • 2013
  • Bukjiri Seated Rock-carved Buddha of Bonghwa is a rock carved Buddhist Statues on the Two-Mica Granite with mid-size grains. The non-destructive diagnosis on the statues showed that their surfaces had been damaged by exfoliation or granular decomposition and their physical properties are also found to be weak. In addition, the evaluation of slope stability showed that there are the possibility of toppling failure, or planar and wedge failure. So, we have recovered the physical strength and structural stability of rock using the scientific conservation treatment. We also founded that the existing shelter was damaged by the poor ventilation and water leakage. So we constructed it in a way that there is no water leakage while the ventilation is good.

  • PDF

Detailed Deterioration Diagnosis and Analysis of Site Environment for the Taean Dongmunri Maaesamjonbulipsang (Rock-carved Standing Triad Buddha Statue), Korea (태안 동문리 마애삼존불입상의 정밀 훼손도 진단과 위치환경 분석)

  • Lee, Sun-Myung;Jun, Byung-Kyu;Shin, Eun-Jeong;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
    • /
    • v.27 no.4
    • /
    • pp.381-393
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study focus on the surface deterioration diagnosis based on the material characteristics of Taean Dongmunri Maaesamjonbulipsang(rock-carved standing triad Buddha Statue) and the weathering environment analysis. Rock materials of the triad Buddha is coarse-grained biotite granite which is composed mainly of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and muscovite. The triad Buddha was serious surface irregularity(13.5%), exfoliation(12.3%) and discoloration(46.6%), and the physical characteristics using ultrasonic velocity appeared fourth grade (0.59, highly weathered). Korean style wooden shelter of the triad Buddha(closed type) maintained high humidity environment (daily mean; 86.6%) than exterior environment, and appeared the possibility of deterioration by freezing-thawing because the temperature showed below zero temperatures in winter. The shelter was changed from closed-type to open-type to relieve the moisture problem recently. But the moisture problem is yet to be solved because surface water flowing along northern wayside is flowed into triad Buddha. Therefore, environmental control will need to stop inflow of water into triad Buddha.

Material Characteristics and Deterioration Diagnosis of the Pagoda of Buddhist Priest Jeongjin in Bongamsa Temple, Mungyeong, Korea (문경 봉암사 정진대사원오탑의 재질특성과 훼손도 진단)

  • Yi, Jeong-Eun;Lee, Chan-Hee;Han, Byeong-Il
    • Journal of Conservation Science
    • /
    • v.27 no.4
    • /
    • pp.357-369
    • /
    • 2011
  • The Bongamsa Jeongjindaesa Wonotap Pagoda (Treasure No. 171) constructed in the 10th century composed mainly of leucocratic granite with feldspar phenocryst. The major rock-forming minerals are quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and some biotite. This pogoda is highly damaged physical weathering which are break-out, flakes, exfoliation and cracks. As a result of the infrared thermography on the surface of the pagoda, internal exfoliations occurred to cracks. Also, P-XRF analysis showed that Fe, S, Ca and Mn of concentration were so high in the discoloration parts. The coated part of red pigment has a high five times in Fe content than the fresh rock surface. This result suggests that material of red pigment is hematite. Ultrasonic velocity of the stone properties were from 831 to 2,457 m/s, but it measured velocity of less than 1,000m/s in part of damaged area. Therefore, we suggest for safety conservation for weathered parts of the pagoda, that is in want of rejoin and consolidation treatment about serious damage parts.

Pigment Analysis and Nondestructive Deterioration Diagnosis of the Wall Paintings in Gwanyongsayaksajeon (Yaksajeon Hall of Gwanyongsa Temple), Changnyeong, Korea (창녕 관룡사 약사전 벽화의 안료분석 및 비파괴 훼손도 진단)

  • Chun, Yu-Gun;Kim, Won-Kuk;Jo, Young-Hoon;Han, Doo-Roo;Kim, Sun-Duk;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
    • /
    • v.25 no.4
    • /
    • pp.383-398
    • /
    • 2009
  • We have investigated chemical properties of the pigments and carried out the deterioration diagnosis using nondestructive techniques of the wall painting in Yaksajeon Hall of Gwanyongsa Temple. As the results of pigments analysis, it was unusual that the cobalt was detected in the blue and green colors used to traditional paint background. According to the deterioration diagnosis, ultrasonic measurement and infrared thermography, dominant cracks and exfoliation caused by high content of moisture. Therefore, it should be devised effective plan to prevent penetration of water for the long term this wall painting.

  • PDF

Effects of Oxygen Plasma-treated Graphene Oxide on Mechanical Properties of PMMA/Aluminum Hydroxide Composites (산소 플라즈마 처리된 그래핀 산화물이 PMMA/수산화알루미늄 컴포지트의 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyo-Chul;Jeon, Son-Yeo;Kim, Hyung-Il;Choi, Ho-Suk;Hong, Min-Hyuk;Choi, Ki-Seop
    • Polymer(Korea)
    • /
    • v.35 no.6
    • /
    • pp.565-573
    • /
    • 2011
  • The nanocomposites containing graphene oxide (GO) were prepared in order to improve the mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/aluminum hydroxide (PMMA/AH) composites. GO was prepared from graphite by oxidation of Hummers method followed by exfoliation with thermal treatment. The surface of GO was modified by oxygen plasma in various exposure times from 0 to 70 min to improve interfacial compatibility. Compared with PMMA/AH composites, the nanocomposites containing GO modified with oxygen plasma for the exposure time up to 50 min showed significant increases in flexural strength, flexural modulus, Rockwell hardness, Barcol hardness, and Izod impact strength. The morphology of fracture surface showed an improved interfacial adhesion between PMMA/AH composites and GO, which was properly treated with oxygen plasma. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were deteriorated by increasing the content of GO above 0.07 phr due to the nonuniform dispersion of GO.

Lousiness Improving on the Refining Process (정연견사의 Lousiness 개선연구)

  • 김병호;정진영
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
    • /
    • no.11
    • /
    • pp.15-22
    • /
    • 1970
  • This experiment is to investigate the influence on business by varying the scouring condition of raw silk. The conditions of experiment are changed by temperature, time concentration and scouring reagent as well as the pH value of scouring solution, involving the repeat number of treatment in the same reagent solution. The results are as follows. 1) The shorter the scouring time, the more lousiness showed on law silk. The difference of lousiness quantity are especially remarkable between 30 min. and 60min, while the appearance of lousiness is slight between 50min. and 90min. 2) The lousiness shape was just like splited end and short wool fiber type during than 60 min. scouring, and splited end and long wool fiber type was appeared during 120 min. scouring. 3) The seperation of threads on silk panel was difficult with undissolved sericin in case of lower than 90$^{\circ}C$ of scouring temperature, so that it was almost impossible to inspect lousiness. 4) In case of repeating one after another scouring in the same solution, the more number of treatment, the less sho wed lousiness. Little difference were appeared in the quantity of lousiness from first to eighth repeated scouring, while large difference of quantity was appeared between 8th and 9th repeated scouring. 5) The quantity of lousiness was also increased until scouring reagent (Marseilles soap) is added to 0.75%, but rather decreased with more than 0.75% of soap. The most variety of lousiness quantity was occured when the concentration of soap is changed from 0.15% to 0.20%. 6) The peculiarities of lousiness shape by the concentration of scouring reagent were as followings; most of lousiness are splited end short wool fiber type with lower wool fiber type with higher than 0.75%, and the mixture of both the former and the latter with 0.5% concentration. 7) The quantity of lousiness by the kind of scouring reagent was the least with 5% of Na$_2$CO$_3$ solution, and the most with the mixture of 0.25% Marseilles soap and 0.25% Na$_2$CO$_3$. 8) The more increased pH value, the more lousiness showed. The peculiarities of lousiness shape was the splited end and short wool fiber type, and the end and long wool fiber type with higher value of pH 11 because of the decreased strength of threads and the cutting of brin. 9) With the discussions mentioned the above, the scouring conditions to decrease the lousiness quantity are summarized as follows. (1) It is better to take the possible long time of scouring. (2) Temperature should be kept higher than 95$^{\circ}C$ for complete scouring. (3) It was the best to use 0.5% of Marseiles soap as scouring reagent. (4) No good results were produced by using the mixture of scouring reagent. (5) The best pH range of scouring solution was 9.5 to 10.5.

  • PDF

Pigment Analysis and Conservation Method of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka of Hyeondeungsa, Gapyeong (가평 현등사 수월관음도의 안료분석 및 보존방법)

  • Seo, Jeong-Ho;Cha, Byung-Gap;Jung, Hee-Soo
    • Journal of Conservation Science
    • /
    • v.27 no.2
    • /
    • pp.223-229
    • /
    • 2011
  • Buddha painting cultural properties couldn't avoid the change of colors and the exfoliation phenomenon by the characteristic of material and environmental factors. Especially, because in the beginning of the fine crack and the decoloration phenomenon on the surface of pigment would be significantly decrease stability of the whole object, it is necessary to take particular measure. Therefore, this is a study on conservation of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa in Gapyeong. It treated damaged parts of the object, carried out backing papers and matching colors. And then, it examined scientific analysis of pigments. Also, it performed nondestructive testing like XRF, FT-IR, and image microscope to investigate the quality of the material of hanji using the object and the component and characteristic of pigments. As a result, FT-IR spectrum matching Korean traditional paper(hanji) was detected in hanji of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa. The black pigment making a thin layer over the white pigment would estimate carbon compounds of unconfirmed ink stick or soot as XRF and FT-IR. Also, the white pigment was lead white($PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$) involving Pb(Lead) and a carbonate. It was observed that the crystal of blue pigment had the different sizes of the particles from the microscope. In the case of this blue pigment, it showed cobalt blue and lead white was mixed when it used because both Cu and Pb were highly detected in XRF data.

Effects of Oxyfluorinated Graphene Oxide Flake on Mechanical Properties of PMMA Artificial Marbles (함산소불소화 처리된 그래핀 산화물 플레이크가 PMMA 인조대리석의 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyo-Chul;Jeon, Son-Yeo;Kim, Hyung-Il;Lee, Young-Seak;Hong, Min-Hyuk;Choi, Ki-Seop
    • Polymer(Korea)
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.251-261
    • /
    • 2012
  • The nanocomposites containing graphene oxide flakes were prepared in order to improve the mechanical properties of artificial marbles based on poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) matrix. Graphene oxide flakes were prepared from graphite by oxidation with Hummers method followed by exfoliation with thermal treatment. Surface of graphene oxide flakes were modified with oxyfluorination in various oxygene:fluorine compositions to improve the interfacial compatibility. The nanocomposites containing graphenes modified with oxyfluorination in the oxygen content of 50% and higher showed the significant increase in flexural strength, flexural modulus, Rockwell hardness, Barcol hardness, and Izod impact strength. The morphology of fractured surface showed the improved interfacial adhesion between PMMA matrix and the graphenes which were properly treated with oxyfluorination. The mechanical properties of nanocomposite were deteriorated by increasing the content of graphene above 0.07 phr due to the nonuniform dispersion of graphenes.

Applied Mineralogy for the Conservation of Dinosaur Tracks in the Goseong Interchange Area (35번 고속도로 고성 교차로 지역 공룡발자국의 보존을 위한 응용광물학적 연구)

  • Jeong Gi Young;Kim Soo Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.189-199
    • /
    • 2004
  • Cretaceous sedimentary rocks bearing dinosaur tracks in the Goseong interchange area were studied for their conservation and public display in the aspect of applied mineralogy. Black clay layers alternate with silt layers in the sedimentary rocks. The verical and horizontal fissures are commonly filled with calcite veinlets, supergenetic iron and manganese oxides. The rocks are composed of quartz, albite, K-feldspar, calcite, chlorite, illite, muscovite, and biotite, with minor apatite and rutile. Silt layers are relatively rich in calcite and albite, whereas clay layers are abundant in quartz, illite, and chlorite. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ti, and P are enriched in the clay layers, while Ca, Na, and Mn in silt. Most of trace elements including V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cs, Zr, REE, Th, and U are enriched in clay layers. Inorganic carbon are present in silt layers as calcite, while organic carbon in black clay layers. The black clay layers were partly altered to yellow clay layers along the fissures, simultaneously with the decrease of organic carbon. Selective exfoliation of clay-rich black and yellow clay layers, calcite matrix of silt layers and calcite infillings of fissures are estimated as the major weakness potentially promoting chemical and physical degradation of the track-bearing rock specimens.