• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.681-684
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• 2010

The $TiO_2$/ZnS/Ag/ZnS/$TiO_2$ multilayered structure for the transparent electrodes in plasma display panel was designed by essential macleod program (EMP) and the multilayered film was deposited on a glass substrate by direct-current (DC)/radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system. During film deposition process, the Ag layer in $TiO_2$/Ag/$TiO_2$ structure became oxidized and the filter characteristic was degraded easily. In this study, ZnS layer was adopted as a diffusion blocking layer between $TiO_2$ and Ag to prevent the oxidation of Ag layer efficiently in $TiO_2$/ZnS/Ag/ZnS/$TiO_2$ structure. Based on the AES depth profiling analysis, the Ag layer was effectively protected by the ZnS layer as compared with the $TiO_2$/Ag/$TiO_2$ multilayered films without ZnS as an antioxidant layer. The 3 times stacked $TiO_2$/ZnS/Ag/ZnS/$TiO_2$ films have low sheet resistance of $1.22{\Omega}/{\square}$ and luminous transmittance was as high as 62% in the visible ranges.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2011

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants, and a phytotoxic anthropogenic air pollutant. In North America and Europe, the current concentration of $O_3$ has been shown to have significant adverse effects on vegetation. In this review, we summarize the experimental studies on the effects of $O_3$ on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species to understand the present knowledge and provide sound basis for future research toward the assessment of $O_3$ impacts on Japanese forest ecosystem. Since the 1990s, several Japanese researchers have conducted the experimental studies on the effects of ambient levels of $O_3$ on growth and physiological functions such as net photosynthesis of Japanese forest tree species. Although the sensitivity to $O_3$ of whole-plant growth is quite different among the species, it was suggested that the current ambient levels of $O_3$ in Japan are high enough to adversely affect growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species classified into high $O_3$ sensitivity group such as Japanese beech. The N load to soil has been shown to reduce the sensitivity to $O_3$ of Japanese larch and increase that of Japanese beech. To establish the critical level of $O_3$ for protecting Japanese forest tree species, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the N deposition from the atmosphere. There is little information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and other environmental factors such as elevated $CO_2$ and drought on growth and physiological functions of Japanese forest tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the experimental study and accumulate the information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and any other abiotic environmental factors on Japanese forest tree species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2012

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the plane of nutrition on growth performance and meat quality traits, especially marbling and PSE (pale, soft, and exudative), in finishing pigs. One hundred and four barrows and 102 gilts born to Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace dams and Duroc sires were randomly allocated to 16 pens at approximately 80-kg body weight, with 13 animals housed per pen except for two pens. Each eight pens received a diet containing either 3.4 Mcal ME/kg and 0.98% total lysine (high plane) or 3.1 Mcal ME/kg and 0.81% total lysine (medium plane). All animals were slaughtered at approximately 112 kg BW on an average, after which the Longissimus muscle (LM) was analyzed physicochemically. The ADG, ADFI, gain:feed as well as marbling score did not differ between the two dietary groups, whereas backfat thickness was greater in the high-plane group than in the medium-plane group (24.1 vs. 22.5 mm P<0.05). No LM exhibited PSE, i.e. $L^*$ (lightness) > 50, pH < 6.0 and drip loss > 5.0%, nor were these PSE-related variables influenced by the dietary treatment. Contents of crude protein and fat in LM did not differ between the two dietary groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that growth performance and the occurrence of the PSE or 'watery' carcass are not influenced significantly by increasing the plane of nutrition in finishing pigs when the finisher is adequate nutritionally for supporting maximal lean growth. However, increasing the plane of nutrition is likely to result in an increase in fat deposition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem of significant importance which increases mortality. In place of anti-obesity drugs, natural products are being developed as alternative therapeutic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of Brassica juncea L. leaf extract (BLE) on fat deposition and lipid profiles in high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFC)-induced obese rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to diet: normal diet group (ND), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC with 3% BLE diet group (HFC-A1), and HFC with 5% BLE diet group (HFC-A2). Each group was fed for 6 weeks. Rat body and adipose tissue weights, serum biochemical parameters, and tissue lipid contents were determined. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The HFC-A2 group showed significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency ratio than the HFC group. BLE supplementation caused mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights to decrease. The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in rats fed BLE. These results were related to lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, and to higher expression of the cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and low density lipoprotein-receptor, as well as increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$. Histological analysis of the liver revealed decreased lipid droplets in HFC rats treated with BLE. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of HFC with 3% or 5% BLE inhibited body fat accumulation, improved lipid profiles, and modulated lipogenesis- and cholesterol metabolism-related gene and protein expression.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Objective : Many recent reports have shown that the mature mammalian brain harbors multipotent stem cells, rendering the brain capable of generating new neurons and glia throughout life. Harvested stem cells from an adult rat are transplanted in order to evaluate the cell survival and differentiation. Methods : Using a percoll gradient with a high speed centrifugation method, we isolate neural stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the subventricular zone[SVZ] of a syngeneic adult Fisher 344 rats brain. For 14days expansion, the cultured cells comprised of a heterogeneous population with the majority of cells expressing nestin and/or GFAP. After expanding the SVZ cells in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor-2, and transplanting then into the hippocampus of normal rats, the survival and differentiation of those cells were examined. For transplantation, the cultured cells were labeled with BrdU two days prior to use. In order to test their survival, the cells were transplanted into the dorsal hippocampus of normal adult Fisher 344 rats. Results : The preliminary data showed that at 7days after transplantation, BrdU+ transplanted cells were observed around the injection deposition sites. Immuno-fluorescent microscopy revealed that the cells co-expressed BrdU+ and neuronal marker ${\beta}$-tubulin III. Conclusion : The data demonstrate that the in vitro expanded SVZ cells can survive in a heterotypic environment and develop a neuronal phenotype in the neurogenic region. However more research will be needed to examine the longer survival time points and quantifying the differentiation in the transplanted cells in an injured brain environment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.478-480
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• 2001

Fe-base amorphous films exhibit large saturation magnetostriction and soft magnetic Properties, which make them suitable for strain sensor applications. Most important material properties for the performance of these elements are the superior soft magnetic properties, such as high permeability and small coercive force, as well as magnetoelastic properties. It is well known that the strain generated in film deposition and/or post-heat treatment processes is one of important material properties, which effects on the soft magnetic properties of the film via magnetoelastic coupling. In this study, the effect of an isotropic strain in plane of magnetic films have been performed experimently. Amorphous films with the composition of (F $e_{90}$ $Co_{10}$)$_{78}$S $i_{l2}$ $B_{10}$ were employed in this study. The film with 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick was deposed onto the polyimide substrate with 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick by virtue of RF sputtering. The film was subject to post annealing with a static magnetic field with 500Oe magnetic field intensity at 35$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The polyimide substrate with the film was bonded with an adhesive on PZT piezoelectric substrate with 600${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick in applying voltage of 500V. The change in MH loops of films due to the isotropic strain was measured by using VSM. The coercive force was evaluated from MH loops. It has shown in the results that M-H loops of films are subject to change considerably with a dc voltage, resulting of the magnetization rotation from normal to plane direction as the applied voltage is changed from 500V to 250V.50V.V.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2006

나노 다공성 알루미나 박막을 제작하고 이를 주형으로 사용해서 진공증착에 의해 규칙적으로 배열된 나노우물구조와 나노그물구조의 금속 박막들(알루미늄, 주석, 코발트)을 제작하였다. 원하는 금속물질을 증발시키기 위하여 저항가열 방법을 사용하였으며, 증착은 torr의 기저진공 속에서 수행되었다. 실험결과에 의하면, 나노우물과 나노그물 구조의 박막 중 어떤 구조가 합성되느냐 하는 것은 증착되는 물질의 양에 의해서 큰 영향을 받는다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 세포의 크기가 100 nm이고 세공 직경이 60 nm인 다공성 알루미나 박막을 사용했을 때는 대략 우물구조를 합성하는데 필요한 질량의 절반이하 정도가 증착되게 되면 그물 구조가 합성되는 경향을 보여주었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 비용효율적인 인공습지의 설계를 위하여 초기 침강지 내 다양한 도류벽형태에 따른 인공습지의 사수역 및 입자상 물질의 제거효율을 전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)을 통해 연구하였다. 그 결과, 초기 침강지에서 도류벽의 형태는 유입 유속에 영향을 미치며, 침전률에도 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. $2{\mu}m$ 와 $5{\mu}m$와 같은 미세한 입자에서는 수평으로 설치한 도류벽에서 침전률이 높았으며, $10{\mu}m$와 $20{\mu}m$ 크기의 큰 입자는 수직형 도류벽에서도 높은 침전률을 나타내었다. 또한, 수직형 도류벽의 경우 좁은 면적에 침전이 집중적으로 이루어지기에 다른 형태에 비해 유지관리가 효율적일 것으로 판단되었다. 이에 인공습지의 설계 목적에 따라 가장 적절한 도류벽의 형태를 선정하여 설계해야 할 것으로 보여진다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers esterified in diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich oil on lipid metabolism was investigated. Since dietary DAG has been known to induce the regression of atherosclerosis, CLA-DAG and olive-DAG oils containing similar levels of DAG (51.4~54.2%) were synthesized from olive oil. Hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice were then fed high-fat high-cholesterol diets supplemented with these oils (5% each) for 7 wk. The CLA-DAG diet containing 2.1% CLA isomers (0.78% c9,t11-CLA; 1.18% t10,c12-CLA) remarkably increased the levels of total plasma cholesterol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) along with hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents. Furthermore, the CLA-DAG diet inhibited fat uptake into adipose tissue whereas fat deposition (especially in the liver) was increased, resulting in the development of fatty livers. Hepatic fatty acid composition in the CLA-DAG mice was different from that of the olive-DAG mice, showing higher ratios of C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 in the liver. The activity of hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was higher in CLA-DAG mice while plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were lower in CLA-DAG mice compared to the olive-DAG animals. Results of the present study suggest that CLA incorporation into DAG oil could induce atherosclerosis in mice.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 최근 10년 동안 강원도 영서와 인접지역에서 토석류가 발생한 지역에 대해 현장조사를 실시하고 강우자료를 수집하여 구축한 D/B를 바탕으로 토석류의 거동 및 강우특성을 조사하였다. 사면형과 계곡형의 토석류 종류에 따라 발생부, 유하부, 퇴적부로 구별되는 토석류 진행구간에 대해 토석류 거동특성을 분석하였으며 발생부 및 유하부의 침식 상태를 고려하여 토석류 규모를 산정하였다. 토석류 발생 당시의 강우자료 분석을 통해 토석류 유발 강우 기준에 대한 선행연구와 비교 분석하여 예경보 기준 정립에 고려할 사항을 제시하였다. 또한, 조사지역에 적합한 토석류 유발강우 ID 곡선을 제안하여 기존의 연구결과와 비교 분석하였다.