• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of saengshik in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to explore the potential of three commercially available saengshik products (BS, LS, WS) as an alternative diabetic meal. Blood glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after the ingestion of experimental materials. In experiment 1, the amount of experimental materials remained the same. We measured blood glucose-related biomarkers as the area under the blood glucose response curve (AUC), glycemic index (GI), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax). AUC and Cmax of the experimental group showed significant differences compared to the control group, while GI and Tmax did not show significant differences among the groups but were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. In experiment 2, carbohydrates were adjusted to the same amount. We measured blood glucose-related biomarkers in the same manner as Experiment 1 and obtained similar results. These hypoglycemic effects appear to be attributed to phytochemicals and dietary fiber found in whole, unrefined grains. These results suggest that saengshik exerts hypoglycemic effects by modulation of glucose-related biomarkers.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2006

Alpinia katsumadai is used in traditional oriental medicine as an antiemetic and for treatment of stomach disorders. This study was to investigate the effect of the 50% methanol extract of Alpinia katsumadai and Puerariae thunbergiana on ethanol metabolism in rat. The administration of 50% methanol extract of Alpinia katsumadai significantly decrease the ethanol concentration in rat. The AUC and Cmax of Alpinia katsumadai was 3.1 and 2.4 times less than the control group, respectively. It was more effective than Pueraria thunbergiana is known to as ethanol detoxicant. Furthermore, we tested on its ethanol metabolizing effect with the preparation containing this herb (Haeju pill) in beagle. The AUC of Haeju pill was about 1.9 times less than the control group. It was estimated that the extract of Alpinia katsumadai had feasibility as a ethanol detoxication agent.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2012

Lidocaine has been studied for many chronic pain conditions, including postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and recently it has also been increasingly used in transdermal drug delivery systems. In this study, pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch was studied in four hairless male rats. The plasma concentration was determined by a validated LC/MS/MS method after applying a $3{\times}2cm^2$ (30mg) patch for 12 hours. From the plasma lidocaine concentration vs time curves, $AUC_{0-20h}$, Cmax, and Tmax of lidocaine patch were $2,926.32{\pm}335.28ng{\cdot}h/ml$, $256.86{\pm}29.63ng/ml$, and $6.00{\pm}2.31h$, respectively.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 제3회 추계심포지움
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• pp.157-160
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• 1995

라니티딘은 최근 위궤양 및 십이지장 궤양의 치료에 통상적으로 많이 처방되는 히스타민 H$_2$ receptor antagonist로 작용하는 약물이다. 이 약물의 Pharma-cokinetics에 대해서는 동물 및 사람에 있어서 이미 많은 연구가 되어 있다(1-4). 수용성 약물인 라니티딘은 정상인에 있어서 경구투여 후 흡수가 신속하나 불완전한 것으로 알려져 있다(4). 경구투여 후 개개인에 따른 처고 혈중농도(Cmax)가 상당히 큰 차이를 보이며, 생체내 이용률(Bioavailability)은 평균 50% 이나 최저 27%에서 최고 88%에 이르기까지 넓은 범위를 보이고 있다. 더욱이 공복 시 경구투여 하거나(5-8), jejunum에 직접 bolus 투여후(9) 혹은 심지어는 정맥주사후의 경우(10)에도 소위 'double-peak phenomenon'이라고 불리 우는 최고 혈중농도에 있어서 bimodal pattern을 나타낸다. 이처럼 highly variable한 약물들은 생물학적 동등성(Bioequivalence) 측면에서 제제를 평가할 때 상당히 중요하고도 어려운 과제이므로, 현재 세계적인 issue가 되고 있다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

The present work focuses on preparation of olanzapine, orally dispersing tablets by direct compression method. Effect of super disintegrant crospovidone, disintegration time, drug content on in vitro release has been studied. A factorial design was employed in formulating a prompt dispersible tablet. The selected independent variables crospovidone and fmelt showed significant effect on dependent variables i.e. disintegration time and percent drug dissolved. Disintegration time and percent drug dissolved decreased with increase in the level of crospovidone. The similarity factor $f_2$ was found to be 97.48 for the developed formulation indicating the release was similar to that of the marketed formulation. Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers were evaluated and the results showed that PK parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC) of the designed ODT matrix were similar to those of commercial product, Zyprexa Zydis$^{(R)}$ as a reference.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1983

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics of carteolol in rabbits was studied. Animals were divided into two groups (group I and group II). Group I received carteolol (12mg/kg) and group II received carteolol (12mg/kg) with hydrochlorothiazide (20mg/kg) orally. The carteolol concentration in serum was measured by spectrofluorometric method and its pharmacokinetic parameter values were calculated. The serum concentration of carteolol in group II was significantly increased when compared with those in group I at 10min (p<0.01), and at 30min (p<0.05) after p. o. administration. In addition, the absorption rate constant of carteolol in group II was slightly increased and Tmax of carteolol in group II was significantly shortened (p<0.05) and Cmax of carteolol in group II was significantly increased (p<0.02) when compared with those in group I. But elimination rate constant and biological half-life of carteolol were similar in both groups.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 1998

This study was conducted to observe the distribution of josamycin, a macrolide antibiotic in flounder. Josamycin was administered orally to the flounder at the dose of 100 mg 1 kg josamycin in flounder. Josamycin in blood and various organs of flounder was analyzed using reversed phase HPLC. In blood kinetics study, Cmax was shown 9.50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ at 45 min. after treatment and then decreased slowly up to 8th day. Concentration of josamycin in muscle was 0.47$\mu\textrm{g}$/g tissue at 11th day of the treatment and 0.41$\mu\textrm{g}$/g tissue at 7th day for liver. The concentration of josamycin in all the tested organs except gall bladder was decreased as the time passed. On the contrary, josamycin in gall bladder was increased 3.8 times at the day of 5th compared to that of the 1st day aftreatment.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.308.1-308.1
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• 2003

We underwent this study to know correlation between the amount of portosysternic shunt/hepatic fibrosis and bioavailability parameters such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax and t1 /2 of high extraction ratio drug, propranolol, in CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis model of rats. This study describes the bioavaility study of propranolol(5 mg/kg), Shunt Index using thallium-201 per rectum scintigraphy to to measure the amount of portosystemic shunt indirectly and intrahepatic hydroxyproline content performed in the CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis model of rats. (omitted)

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 위성의 밝기온도를 기반으로 한 정량적 강우량 추정기법의 개선을 위함이다. 우리나라 여름철 강우사례를 이용하여 강우추정을 위한 비선형 관계식을 개선하였다. 분석을 위해 레이더 자료로 기상청 기상레이더 관측망의 고도 1.5 km와 CMAX 반사도 합성자료를 사용하였으며, 위성자료는 천리안 위성의 가시, 적외, 수증기 채널의 자료를 이용하였다. 새롭게 도출된 알고리즘은 A-E method, CRR v4.0 analytic function의 결과와 비교를 하였다. 검증을 위해 우리나라 ASOS에서 관측한 지상강우량 자료를 사용하였다. 공간검증을 위해 검증지수로 POD, FAR, CSI를 계산하였으며 각각 0.67, 0.76, 0.21로 나타났다. 정량적 강우검증을 위해 MAE와 RMSE를 계산하였으며 각각 2.49, 6.18 mm/h였다. A-E에 비하여 정량적인 오차가 줄어들었으며 CRR에 비하여 공간적인 정확도가 증가하였다. 개선한 관계식을 적용한 방법이 두 알고리즘의 부족한 부분을 보완할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 개선한 관계식을 통해 강우를 추정하는 방법은 복잡한 알고리즘을 거치지 않고 짧은 시간에 강우추정이 가능함으로써 현업용 실시간 초단기 예보에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2021

숙취를 해결하기 위해서는 숙취를 직접적으로 유발하는 물질인 아세트알데하이드의 조절이 가장 중요한 인자로 작용한다. 숙잠을 함유하는 복합물인 시험식품(CKDHC)의 섭취로 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도가 대조식품 대비 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하여 숙취개선 효능을 확인하였다. 특히, 30분부터 각 시간별(mg/L), 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC), 최고 혈중 아세트알데하이드 농도(Cmax)의 감소를 통해 30분부터 빠른 숙취개선 효능을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 주원료로 사용된 숙잠은 Ji 등(2016a)에 따르면 18종의 아미노산 및 무기질을 모두 함유하며, 고단백 식용곤충으로 간에 좋은 주요 아미노산인 Alanine, Arginine 등을 많이 함유하여 간의 효소활성에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알수있다. 본 연구결과를 통해 숙잠을 함유하는 시험식품이 숙취해소제로 작용할 수 있으며, 특히 음주 전 섭취시 아세트알데하이드를 빠르게 분해하여 30분부터 숙취 개선에 효과가 있음을 입증하였다.