• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

Purpose: This study compared the thigh circumference and Lysholm scale of a stable and unstable exercise group of patients who had undergone an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL reconstruction). Methods: The subjects were patients more than 4 weeks after their ACL reconstruction and could stand on one leg. The patients were divided into a control group with 9 patients performing closed kinetic chain exercises on a stable floor and an experimental group with 10 patients performing closed kinetic chain exercises en an unstable floor. The degree of muscle atrophy was compared by measuring the circumference of the injured thigh before the exercise program, and 3 weeks and 6 weeks after the exercise program. The Lysholm scale was used to assess the function of the knee joint. Results: There was no significant increase in thigh circumference according to the exercise periods in the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant increase before exercises and 6 weeks after the exercises (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the Lysholm scores between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: There were no statistically significant increase in the two groups, but there was a significant difference between before the exercise program and 6 weeks after the exercise program (p<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was to investigate effects of closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercise on the lumbar stabilizarion. Methods : A total of 30 healthy over 20 years old college students(men = 14, women = 16) who were participated in this. We selected randomly people of CKC, OKC, and control group. For the past four weeks, CKC and OKC group worked out 3 times per week and then we compared within group and between groups on muscle width. Results : 1. The width of internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and multifidus were all significantly increased after four weeks exercise in the CKC group(P<.05). 2. The width of internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and multifidus were all increased after four weeks exercise in the OKC group but transverse abdominis musule only showed significant difference. 3. Difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of transverse abdominis and multifidus in the CKC group was significantly high and difference among the groups were significant. Conclusion : Accordingly, lumbar stabilizing exercise was more effective to increase a width of abdominal deep muscles through CKC exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to research the effects on resistance CKC & OCK exercise method on lower limb muscle activity, in chronic stroke patients. Method : In this study, 18 patients with stroke caused by hemorrhage or infarction were participated. resistance exercise method was conducted in tow different group : one is a close kinetic chain exercise(CKC) group and the other is an open kinetic chain exercise(OKC) group. CKC with physical therapy was applied to 9 patients, and OKC with physical therapy was applied to 9 patients. Under the researcher's guidance, exercise for CKC and OKC group carried out 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 4weeks. Result : There was significantly different for the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity within the intervention period both group. The vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activity was significantly increased within the CKC group. The vastus leteralis and tibialis anterior muscle activity was significantly increased within the OKC group. Conclusion : It was confirmed in this study that the CKC exercise was more effective than OKC exercise in improving lower limb muscle activity of chronic stroke patients. This study seggested that CKC may be suitable for individuals with a chronic stroke. furthermore study should be made a lot of researches regarding in other method and varying conditions for many hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate any visible difference in shoulder stability muscle activity along the bending angle($70^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$) to perform the open kinetic chain(OKC) and closed kinetic chain(CKC) exercise. Method: This study was performed on normal 20 males subjects. Exercise was carried out in two ways OKC and CKC. Shoulder stability muscles are examined activity in the bending angles. In the OKC and CKC exercise to subjects with stretched out waist straightened, and than push forward the shoulder. Muscular activation was examined using the WEMG-8. Result: The results of this study were as follows. 1. Only in the trapezius muscle, it showed specific interaction between exercise methods and angles. When it comes to muscle activity, there was no significant difference in all muscles except for the anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle during both CKC and OKC exercise. 2. The average value of maximum muscle activity was significantly increased with increasing order of angles. But in CKC exercise, the muscle activity of infraspinatus tended to decrease with increasing angles. Conclusion: To summarize the research results, the muscle activity in upper fibers of the trapezius, anterior fibers of the deltoid, and serratus anterior was significantly different depending on the angle of the shoulder in both CKC and OKC exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the effects of the fascial distortion model (FDM), foam rolling (FR), and self-stretching (SS) on the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). Methods: Thirty subjects who had no more than 30° of ankle dorsiflexion ROM at the weight-bearing lunge test were recruited in this study. They were divided into three groups: (FDM, FR, and SS), and underwent each intervention for five minutes. Before and after the intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in the supine (the open-) and standing (the closed-kinetic chain) of the subjects were tested. The changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention and among the groups were analyzed. Results: All groups showed increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM after the intervention in both positions. In the position of the open kinetic chain, the changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention had significant differences among the groups, and the FDM was higher than the FR and SS. In the position of the closed kinetic chain, the ROM after the interventions and the changes in the ROM had significant differences among the groups, and FDM was higher than the FR (ROM after the intervention, the change in ROM) and SS (the change in ROM). Conclusion: These findings showed that FDM had more efficiency than the FR and SS as FDM had a stronger effect on increasing ankle dorsiflexion in a short, limited time. Clinicians who have limited time to treat their patients, particularly trying to increase ankle dorsiflexion ROM, should consider the application of FDM.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

The goal of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction are return the patient to a reinjury level of activity with stable joint, removing pivot shift phenomenon, preservation of meniscus, restoration of range of motion, and minimize patello-femoral complication. The ACL reconstruction should avoid immediate surgery. The preoperative phase emphasizes two important factors. (1) The patient should have a resolution of knee swelling, a return of full ROM, and a normal gait. (2) The patient should be mentally prepared for the operation and subsequent rehabilitation. The postoperative rehabilitation program emphasizes extension, closed kinetic chain function exercises. The regular follow-up is important.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of a muscle activity by applying the complex exercise method of sling in accordance with the provision of various vibration intensities for paraplegia-spinal cord injury. Method: The subjects of the study were 15 men in their 40s and 50s with lower limb disabilities and low potential risk, who were randomly divided into a sling exercise group (SG n=4), a sling with low frequency vibration group (SLVG n=4), a sling with mid-frequency vibration group (SMVG n=4), and a sling with high frequency group (SHVG n=4) in accordance with the provision of slings and vibration stimuli. The vibratory intensity provided was divided into low frequency (30 Hz), mid-frequency (50 Hz), and high frequency (70 Hz). The anterior deltoid (AD), the posterior deltoid (PD), the pectoralis major (PM), the upper trapezius (UT), the latissimus dorsi (LD), and the multifidus (MF) were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity. Results: The closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise to the shoulder joint showed higher muscle activity in most muscles for the SMVG, and statistically significant differences in the anterior deltoid (AD), the pectoralis major (PM), and the multifidus (MF) in particular. Conclusion: The intermediate frequency (50 Hz) string vibration was the effective vibration stimuli for Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback based closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) on quadriceps muscle activity and dynamic balance ability in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: Thirty subjects with PFPS were included and they were divided into EMG-biofeedback using CKCE (Group I) and squat exercise using CKCE (Group II), each group consisted of 15 patients. Group I and Group II was performed by the patients for three times a week, for six weeks. sEMG was used to measure quadriceps muscle activity and star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used to measure dynamic balance ability. Results: According to the results of the comparisons between the groups, after intervention, quadriceps muscle activity and dynamic balance ability were significantly higher in Group I than in the Group II. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that EMG-biofeedback using CKCE that provides real-time biofeedback information on muscle contraction may have a beneficial effect on selective muscle strength of vastus medialis oblique muscle and dynamic balance ability in PFPS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of local vibration using a massage gun on the triceps surae flexibility by measuring the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) compared to static stretching in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were instructed in this study. They were allocated randomly to two groups: local vibration (LV) and static stretching (SS). The ankle dorsiflexion ROM was measured before and after the intervention in supine (open kinetic chain, OKC) and standing (closed kinetic chain, CKC). The LV group received local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on their triceps surae, and the SS group stood on the Q board with a dorsiflexed ankle for five minutes. The ROM between pre- and post-intervention and the change in ROM between two groups were analyzed. A paired t-test was used to compare the ROM between pre- and post-intervention, while an independent t-test was used to compare the change in ROM between the two groups. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention in the position of both the OKC and CKC. The change in ROM, however, was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The application of local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on the triceps surae could improve its flexibility as much as the application of static stretching. A massage gun for the application of a local vibration stimulus may be effective, simple, portable, and comfortable.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 2019

Most athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures undergo a surgical ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and rehabilitation. On the other hand, controversy still exists because neither a reconstruction nor rehabilitation have been proven to be superior in the management of ACL injury. This study reviewed the success rates of interventions to provide recommendations for the optimal management after an ACL injury. One of the most important considerations after an ACL injury is the timing and type of intervention. At the early stages, which involve the loss of volume and strength of quadriceps femoral muscle, weight bearing (closed kinetic chain) exercises with pain management followed by high velocity resistance exercises in an open kinetic chain environment are recommended to improve the quadriceps function. After that, it is important to apply intensive isokinetic exercise with a lower extension rate. In this case, it is important to apply overload to the muscles and to simultaneously lead the co-contraction of the hamstrings. Standards are essential because the timing and type of interventions are crucial to prevent re-injury and complications, such as osteoarthritis, as well as to confirm the successful outcome of the treatment. Different interventions recommended for ACL damage have yet to reach consensus. Further studies will be needed to observe the effects of the intervention through multidisciplinary approaches.