• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.818-824
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• 2009

The mechanisms responsible for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have direct or indirect relevance to clinical lung injury after severe shock, cardiopulmonary bypass, and transplantation. This study investigated the effects of aspirin on intestinal I/R-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in A549 and RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 macrophages had shown greater expression of COX-2 than A549 cells. In addition, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression. To induce ALI, intestinal ischemia was performed for 60 min prior to the 4 hr reperfusion by clamping the superior mesenteric artery in Sprague-Dawley rats. In order to test and compare the effect of non-specific COX inhibitor aspirin with the effect of mepacrine, a well known phospholipase$A_{2}$ inhibitor, rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham, I/R, Mepa+I/R (mepacrine, 60 mg/kg, i.p.), ASA+I/R (aspirin, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). In the present investigation, myeloperoxidase activities in the lung and intestinal tissues were increased by I/R. These changes were reduced by single pretreatment of mepacrine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or aspirin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before I/R. Structural studies demonstrated that the tissue injuries in the lung and intestine after I/R were also attenuated by the pretreatment of mepacrine or aspirin. These results suggest that I/R-induced ALI is mediated, in part, by the activation of COX. In addition, pretreatment of aspirin might be helpful for the prevention of ALI in ARDS-prone patients. In addition, the p38 MAPK inhibitor and apocynin also might be helpful to ALI through the inhibition of COX-2 expression.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 1999

Purpose : An investigation has been carried out on the factors which affect the response reading of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) loaded with thin material in high energy Photon. The aim of the study was to assess the energy response of TLD-100 to the therapeutic ranges of photon beam. Materials and Methods : In this technique, TLD-100 (abbreviated as TLD) chips and three different thin material (Tin, Gold, and Tissue equivalent plastic plate) which mounted on the TLD chip were used in the clinical photon beam. The thickness of each metal plates was 0.1 mm and TE plastic plate was 1 mm thick. These compared with the photon energy dependence of the sensitivities of TLD (normal chip), TLD loaded with Tin or Gold plate, for the photon energy range 6 MV to 15 MV, which was of interest in radiotherapy. Results : The enhancement of surface dose in the TLD with metal plate was clearly detected. The TLD chips with a Gold plate was found to larger response by a factor of 1.83 in 10 MV photon beam with respect to normal chip. The sensitivity of TLD loaded with Tin was less than that for normal TLD and TLD loaded with Gold. The relative sensitivity of TLD loaded with metal has little energy dependence. Conclusion : The good stability and linearity with respect to monitor units of TLD loaded with metal were demonstrated by relative measurements in high energy Photon ($6\~15$ MV) beams. The TLD laminated with metals embedded system in solid water phantom is a suitable detector for relative dose measurements in a small beam size and surface dose.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 1999

A disease of young Holstein calves characterized by recurrent pneumonia, ulcerative and granulomatous stomatitis, enteritis with bacterial overgrowth, periodontitis, delayed wound healing, persistent neutrophilia and death at an early age had been originally described in 1983 and again in 1987. Most of these calves had stunted growth and a persistent, progressive neutrophilia (often exceeding 100,000/ml). By investigation of pedigrees, all of the affected calves have now been traced to a common sire and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic DNA testing to be homozygous carriers of a defective allele for bovine CD18. Neutrophils from these calves have several functional deficits and, most importantly, fail to adhere in a ${\beta}_2$-integrin dependent manner. The ${\beta}_2$-integrins represent a family of glycoproteins which participate in various leukocyte adhesion reactions during host defense. The presence or absence of ${\beta}_2$-integrin molecules can be demonstrated on the surface of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes from normal or affected calves using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, or by colloidal gold immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy in backscatter mode. Deficiency of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins on all leukocyte types in Holstein calves is analogous to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) seen in humans. Neutrophils in bovine (BLAD) and human LAD patients are unable to adhere to the endothelial lining of the cardiovascular system thus interrupting egression of neutrophils into infected tissues. Other leukocytes, while still deficient in expression of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins, are still able to efficiently egress from the blood stream due to interactions of other adhesion molecules that are not as highly expressed on neutrophils. Both BLAD cattle and LAD children (who do not receive bone marrow transplants) often die at an early age as a result of the failure of neutrophils to extravasate into infected tissues. In 1991, Shuster, et $al^{27}$, identified two point mutations within the alleles encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in an extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein that is highly conserved (> 95% identity) between humans, cattle and mice. The other mutation is silent. Numerous calves with clinical symptoms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have since been tested and all have been found homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, calves homozygous far the D128G allele have been identified during widespread DNA testing in the United States. All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through artificial insemination (A.I.), sired many calves in the 1950's and 1960's. The carrier frequency of the D128G CD18 allele among U.S. Holstein cattle had reached approximately 15% among active A.I. bulls and 8% among cows. By 1993, the organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test developed to genotype cattle, enabled virtually complete eradication of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency among current and future A.I. bulls.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.739-746
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• 1997

A variety of experiments concerning the development of ideal prosthetic grafts for correcting circumferential tracheal defects have been performed. The requirements for an ideal tracheal prosthesis are impermeability to air, consistency to prevent collapse, and acceptance by the host tissue causing a minimum inflammatory reaction, allowing fibroblastic infiltration and epithelialization. The synthetic material, polyurethane(PU), is known as a biocompatible polymer with an inert component. In this study, the tracheal prosthesis was made from microporous PU(30 micrometer in diameter) coated with gelatin and reinforced with isoplastic rings. This procedure provides the prosthesis with a compression strength. The out side diame er of the prosthesis was 20 mm with a length of 30 mm. The gelatin used in the study was obtained from pig skin and immobilized and cross-linked by irradiation(60 Co gamma ray) to promote host tissue incorporation and render the prosthesis epithelization after implantation. Animal experiments using 10 mongrel dogs were performed to compare three kinds of prosthesis; gelatin coated polyurethane graft, uncoated polyurethane graft, and prosthesisf pericadium complex graft. After 6 weeks of implantation, the epithelialization of implants was seen on the gelatin-coated and prosthesisfpericadium complex grafts. Implanted prosthesis were complicated by airway obstruction due to anastomosis granuloma. Early tracheal stenosis was found in the uncoated graft group. Two kind of anastomosis techniques were tested on the gelatin-coated prosthesis. Everted anastomosis resulted severe granuloma than the inverted anastomosis. In the prosthesislpericadium complex graft, bacteria and inflammation at a anastomotic site was found. Based on these results, gelatin coated porous polyurethane trachea prosthesis is biocompatible and may be useful in clinical application with further investigation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.265-274
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• 2005

Diabetic gastroparesis is a disorder in a diabetic of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It is estimated that about 20%-50% of diabetics suffer from gastroparesis. Clinical Sympoms include early satiety, bloating, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Severe gastroparesis might result in recurrent hospitalization, malnutrition, and even death, but, no exact treatment has yet been established. Electrogastrography has been known to be a simple, non-invasive, and effective method in assessing gastric motility and EGG has been used to diagnosis diabetic gastroparesis and to estimate its prognosis. Recently, two cases of diabetic gastroparesis were observed. For this cases, manual acupucture, electroacupucture, lumbar skin warming and herb medicine were applied. After application of these therapies, gastrointestinal symptoms improved and these therapeutic effects were confirmed in EGG. Moreover, blood glucose control improved, so patients were able to discontinue insulin injection and change to p.o.medication. In light of this encouraging application of oriental medicine, this is reported along with investigation of the literature.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2010

Ibudilast, 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). It preferentially inhibits PDE 3A, PDE4, PDE10 and PDE11 as well as a number of the other PDE families, albeit to a lesser extent. Ibudilast is used clinically to treat bronchial asthma and cerebrovascular disorders. Thes e clinical uses are based on the ability of ibudilast to inhibit platelet aggregation, improve cerebral blood flow and attenuate allergic reactions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ibudilast capsules, Ketas capsule (Handok Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Pinatos capsule (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of ibudilast from the two ibudilast formulations was tested using KP Apparatus method with various dissolution media. Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.31${\pm}$1.09 years in age and 70.45${\pm}$8.51 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single capsule containing 10 mg as ibudilast was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ibudilast in serum were determined using HPLC/UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and computer programs (Equiv Test and K-BE Test 2002) were utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, Ketas, were 6.99%, -2.48% and 9.93% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.8791~log 1.1861 and log 0.8347~log 1.1199 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Pinatos capsule was bioequivalent to Ketas capsule.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Lichen planus is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and mucous membranes showing small flat polygonal papules. The accurate etiology is unknown but it's suggested that cell-mediated immune response to an induced antigenic changes in skin or mucosa. Oral lichen planus was regarded as an benign lesion but oral lichen planus was classified as premalignant lesion by WHO criteria. It was not known that progress of malignat transmmission in the the patient with oral lichen planus, and chronic inflammatory disease including oral lichen planus showed malignacy in oral cancer unrelated common risk factors(Ex: tabacco, alcohol). Although malignant development in the patient with oral liche planus was various greatly in the literature, from 0.5% upward to 5%. It has been reported that a specific clinical type of oral lichen planus, hyperkeratotic or erosive had a higher chance of transformation into an squamous carcinoma. Clinician has to follow-up check of at least one or two visit per year to detect of malignancy of oral lichen planus and improved prognosis with squamous cell carcinoma. At this case with the middle aged women with squamous cell carcinoma developed from oral lichen planus of more than a decade of persisting, we try to discuss the malignacy of oral lichen planus and cosideration with follow-up.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

In clinical practice, air bubbles trapped in the pit and fissure may increase early loss of sealing materials for fracture, wear and microleakage. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the bubble behavior of pit and fissure sealant. The 140 replicas made of epoxy resin were used to this experiment. Following conditioning, light-polymerized sealants were applied and then exposed to the light source. After stereoscopic examination of standarized specimen by grinding, bubble behavior was analysed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ plus grops irrespective of using time were higher than groups of $Helioseal^{(R)}$ with clinpro tip and metal tip in the frequency of bubble(p<0.05), 2. Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ plus old group was more than $Clinpro^{(R)}$, Teethmate $F-l^{(R)}$ and $Helioseal^{(R)}$ with brush tip in the number of bubble under 200 magnified cross section(p<0.05). 3. The widest mean area of bubble was shown in the Teethmate $F-1^{(R)}$. 4. No statistically significant difference of the frequency and the site of bubble between $Clinpro^{(R)}$ and $Helioseal^{(R)}$ groups(p>0.05).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

Purpose: This investigation was designed to evaluate the condyle position and the symmetry of the both condyle heads at the maximum intercuspal position on the sagittal CT image of the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam CT was used to assess 400 joints in 100 symptom and 100 symtom-free subject(100 male, 100 female). Three independent observers(dentists) determined the positions classified with Anterior Position(AP), Middle Position(MP), and Posterior Position(PP), and the symmetry of the both condyle. Results: According to gender, the mean percentages of AP, MP, and PP were 48.5, 28.5, and 23 in male group, and 34, 38, and 28 in female group. The symmetry of condylar heads was more common than asymmetry in the both of groups. In the respect of symptom or symptom-free, the mean percentages of AP, MP, and PP were 44.5, 34, and 21.5 in the symptom-free group, and 37, 33.5, and 29.5 in the symptom group. The symmetry of condylar heads was more common in the symptom-free group, but the asymmetry of condylar heads was more common in the symptom group. Conclusions: These data might serve as useful criteria for the clinical assessment of condyle position at the maximum intercuspal position optained by Cone-beam CT.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2013

The concept of implant stability was basically originated from the relative condition of bone-implant interface and has some meanings for evaluation of that interface. In addtion, it has been used for the investigation of initial bone healing process after fixture installation because a degree of micromotion around interface can affect unfavorable clinical results. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mode of initial bone healing from fixture installation through prospective trial. Thirty fixtures were consecutively installed in mandibles of 26 patients with single tooth loss area and then healing abutment were secured for one-stage surgery meothod. Resonance frequency analysis was performed with one week interval during 12 weeks and periapical radiographs were taken at each month. Although marginal bone level change was not shown through observation period (P>0.05), statistical difference of implant stability was shown through 4 and 6 week (P<0.05) and was not shown after 6 week (P>0.05) according to the bone quality. Initial bone healing process is a successive process of bone resorption and favorable bone healing result might be postulated at 4 week interval after installation through RFA.