• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the sustainable housing teaching-learning process plan aimed to achieve the global SDGs through home economics class in middle school that is based on the ADDIE model. The overall objective of the plan was to contribute to cultivating students' sustainable housing values and to creating sustainable lifestyle through everyday practice. The plan consisting of 4 lessons contained various activity and visual resources(4 individual and 4 team activity sheets, 4 reading texts, 1 homework sheet and 1 evaluation sheet, and 7 videos) for students and (4 sets of ppt and 4 reading texts) for teachers. The theme and team activities of each lesson were related to 2~7 targets of 2~3 SDGs, in total 11 targets of 5 SDGs. The plan was implemented to 4 classes of 127 senior students at Y middle school in Cheongju city during the period from the 29^th of August to the 18^th of September, 2019. The results showed that students were very positive and highly satisfied with not only practical contents but also adequacy of resources and activities of the whole 4-lessons, so that they actively participated in the lessons more than usual and looked forward to learning more about it. They thoroughly enjoyed various team activities such as brain writing, mandal art, visual thinking, making UCC, and planning the sustainable village as well as writing a short reflective journal at the end of each lesson. Students also reported that they highly accomplished the goal of each lesson and the overall objective. It could be concluded that the teaching-learning process plan of 4-lessons could contribute to cultivating students' sustainable housing values and to creating sustainable lifestyle through practicing everyday life. It indicates that home economics is one of the major subjects to contribute to the attainment of global issue of SDGs for OECD education 2030 and to educate the practically acting global citizen.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2006

Changes of the biomass, net primary productivity and P/B ratio during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation were investigated in Pyoungchang, Gangwon-Do, Korea. Aboveground standing biomass of herb species showed the maximum value (3.8 ton/ha) in the 5 year old-field, and decreased thereafter. Litter dry weight was depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 50 years and slight decrease thereafter. Basal area tended to increase logarithmically during abandoned field succession. Tree density showed the gradual increment during the first 15 years and decreased thereafter by the self-thinning process. In the later successional stage (80 years old-field), the shoot density distribution of the tree species by DBH class showed the reverse J shaped curve and Quercus mongolica dominated. Total standing biomass increased slowly in the earlier successional stages and later successional stages, and increased rapidly during the mid-successional stages ($10{\sim}50$ years old-field). Total standing biomass in the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 80 years old-fields were estimated 5, 14, 75, 251 and 373 ton/ha, respectively. Annual net primary productivity were depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 35 years and declined thereafter. The increment rates of the annual net primary productivity in the earlier successional stages showed the higher value than mid-successional stages. The annual net primary productivities in the 5, 10, 20, 35, 50 and 80 years old-field were estimated 8.6, 9.3, 12.9, 15.1, 13.7 and 3.6 ton/ha/yr, respectively. The estimated P/B ratio tended to decrease exponentially during abandoned field succession. The estimated P/B ratio in the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 80 years old-field were 0.60, 0.39, 0.19, 0.06 and 0.01, respectively. These results were fairly in accordance with the bioenergetics model during the forest succession projected by Odum(1969).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.586-595
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effects of horticultural therapy (HT) program using hydroponics on work adjustment skills of students with mental retardation. Based on the critical role transitional model and special education curriculum for agriculture, especially hydroponics, HT program (total 22 sessions) using hydroponics procedure for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. 'Asia Heuk Romaine') was developed. Fourteen (10 males, 4 females) graded $1^{st}$ to $2^{nd}$ with intellectual disabilities were recruited from a special education class in a high school located in Inchon, Korea and then a special farm for hydroponics in Inchon, Korea was offered for the HT program. The students with intellectual disabilities participated in the HT program for 4-month (from September to December of 2011, twice a week, approximately 60 minutes per session). Before and after the HT program, the McCarron assessment neuromuscular development, emotional behavioral checklist, interpersonal negotiation strategies, and KEPAD picture vocational interest test were performed by the teachers and horticultural therapists. As the results, the students significantly improved motor performance (p = 0.002), emotional behavioral strategies (p = 0.00), and interpersonal negotiation strategies (p = 0.05). However, no significant difference between before and after the HT program for vocational interest was observed. In conclusion, the HT program using hydroponics, consists of simple and easy tasks so that it would be applicable for the students with intellectual disabilities positively affected to work adjustment skills by improving the motor performance, emotional behavioral strategies, and interpersonal negotiation strategies. Additionally, HT programs using hydroponics with various kinds of vegetables are required to develop and to apply in practical settings for improving work adjustment skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.379-394
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the factors influencing on housewives' decision-making processes of organic foods and the relating variables, and the 5 stages of decision-making processes of the EBK model is utilized in this study. The sample was selected from 411 housewives living in Seoul from 1st of September through 20th of September, 1993. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Factor analysis, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, t-Test, Correlation, Multiple regression analysis and Path analysis were measured. Major results are as follows: 1. Purchasing motivation of the organic foods were in order of the health care, nutritive value and taste care. 2. The major informations source for the knowledge of organic foods were in order of TV/radio, newspaper/magazine, recommendations informations and advice through a family/friends/acquaintances. 3. Evalution criteria in shopping of organic foods, the total degree of consideration over the purchasing factors of organic foods was fairly high level: consumers thought much of the sanitation/freshness, nutritive value and the food safety. In this regard opinion leaders was dominantly mass media. Consumers have a tendency to purchase organic foods in consideration of their children and husband. 4. Major place to purchase organic foods are super markets and department stores. And When shopping organic foods, housewives by all means confirm the check points in their own mind, which were expiry date, manufactured date and packing condition, but unexpectedly manufactured company was out of concern. 5. Housewives usually satisfy with decision after purchasing organic foods, while they were fairly unsatisfied with the price, quality, incomplete description for ingredients and manufactured date. 6. The variables influencing to the sincerity when selecting the most desired organic foods is how be cares about the natural freshness of the foods and the types of residents in order. Another interesting tendency is the richer they are very considerate to decide. It is to say the people who cares more about the natural freshness is the sincerer when making decision and also the class who lives in the apartment house enjoying high income do not easily accept the product quality.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-51
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• 2007

Serial violent crimes have occurred more frequently. Additional attention is paid to relevant areas in which discussions has also increased. This study analyzed Young-cheol Yoo, serial killer case. Two of Yoo's crimes were studied for modus operandi. The cases selected were the premeditated break-in homicide of upper-class elderly people and the impulsive homicide of the Hwanghak-Dong street vendor. Crime motives, targets, times, places, means and methods were analyzed. Profiling techniques in Young-cheol Yoo cases were evaluated and the problems discovered during investigation were discussed. The followings are the findings of the analysis of the serial killer Yoo cases. Yoo exhibited a hatred toward the rich, the elderly, and women as well as a fear of diseases and death. Yoo's crime targets were the elderly residing in wealthy houses, street vendors and prostitutes. The numbers of victims were: 3 men and 5 women victims in 4 homicide cases involving the elderly residents in wealthy houses; one man in 1 street vendor homicide case 11 women in 11 prostitute homicide cases, so total 20 persons were murdered in 16 cases. The time of the crimes were between 10 am and noon in the homicide cases of the elderly and very late at night or early in the morning in the prostitute homicide cases. Means and methods facilitated include the use of a knife as a threat and a hammer made by Yoo to strike the head and face of victims. In the homicide cases involving the elderly, he attempted to disguise the crime scene as a burglary or committed arson to destroy the evidence; in the prostitute homicide cases, bodies were mutilated and buried in secret. 1) Generally each serial killer case has different characteristics, motives, and purposes; while some serial killer cases involve similar methods, others use different methods. Unlike other crimes, serial killers' characteristics and tastes are very different, so it is difficult to explain serial killings based on a specific model. It is important to accurately capture modus operandi of each serial killing and for detectives to familiarize themselves with them. The process of tracing and use of imagination which follows a serial killer's psychology and thought must be used to find out what kind of thoughts pushed the killer to commit the crime. In order to investigate and research difficult subjects such as serial killing, various methods, skills, and relevant knowledge should be studied, and institutional endeavors should go hand in hand with individual efforts.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-142
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• 2006

Collecting materials for study on teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training, it changes. Dental technology's educational procedure to many ways of a prospect. In a circumstance that needed higher level of education, this study is aimed on realizing an importance of clinical training through the various materials that previously carried out and offering basic knowledge to take better clinical training for the students. Study results below 1. This Investigation conducted on 123 of sophomores(70.3%) and 52 of juniors(29.7%) who have been taken clinical training, and men's proportion(51.45%)is a bit higher than girls(48.6%). The 64% of respondents taken largest proportion were 20 to 24 years old. As 67.9% of respondents attended daytime school and 30.3% of them attended nighttime one, their school time shows a little difference. In a question about relation ship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 72.6% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered "normal" were the most with 59.4%. 2. About the reason choosing dental technology as a major, 41.1% taken the most answered "due to the specialized job", "Getting job easily" was second with 26.9%, and third was "recommended from around" with 18.3%. 50.3% of the respondents answered "normal" about the Satisfaction of their major, student marked in grade "B" most with 51.4% 3. In a investigation result about clinical training statues and preference, most(72.6%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and 60.6% of them resided own home. About their commuting time from home to training place, 44% was under 30min, 40% took time 30-60min. It shows students prefer shotter distance in terms of choosing training place. 4. Each part manager took large proportion as a clinical trainer with 33.7%, Training curriculum reform and developing method were most answer as a improvement measure after completing training with 30%. 5. The average of total score about clinical training was 3.15 of 5. In the detailed question, 'satisfaction of clinical training' got 3.38 as a highest score, the lowest score was 2.86 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average score about efficiency of study was 2.86 and in detailed question, 'a Role model' got 3.26 as a highest score and participation of student got 3.05 as a lowest score. 6. The result of T-test to see the difference of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of campus life(p<0.05), and teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with their age, grade, and satisfaction of campus life (p<0.05). 7. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01. Now, therefore we suggest following based on these result. 1. To elevate satisfaction of clinical training, it agentry needs development of consistent clinical training curriculum. 2. To grasp the satisfaction and requirement, in needs to measure anxiousness and satisfactory degree after completing training 3. To train efficiently and evaluate efficiency over the teaching activities, it needs to develop measuring tools for teaching efficiency in terms of teacher's important rules in a clinical training. 4. Strengthen the relations with the study developing and managing curriculum gathering theoretical knowledge and practice. And make an effort to apply to their students. 5. Let the trainee take a class setting a belief, sense of value, function and obtain behavior by making the students comfort over clinical training as increasing teaching efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develope and implement a teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment for 'housing and residential environment' section of Technology Home Economics in a middle school. The teaching learning process plan consisting of 8-session lessons had been developed and implemented according to the ADDIE model mixed with 6 portfolio-development stages. In the development stage, 19 activity materials(5 reading texts, 6 individual and 2 group activity sheets, and 3 subject activity sheets) and 27 teaching learning materials(8 sets of pictures & photos and 19 moving pictures) were developed for the 8-session lessons. The plans applied to 2 classes 74 students in the third grade of K middle school in Gyeonggi-do during May 16th-17th of June, 2011. The results from survey and portfolio showed that the 8-session lessons had overall achieved the general goal of the teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment, which was to stimulate students in the class through working with portfolio elements of activity materials. The students evaluated the whole process of 8 lessons were adequate and helpful. Students also reported they highly accomplished the goal of each lesson and actively participated in the lesson. The 3 subject activity sheets as well as other materials in the portfolio were excellently done with the average of over 90% points. These results supported that a teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment was a combined lesson with evaluation and also an alternative to qualitative evaluation over the whole units. This plan might apply to other parts of housing as well as various other areas.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.246-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various occlusal loading sites and directions on the stress distribution of the cervical composite resin restorations of maxillary second premolar, using 3 dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. Extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium). The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA). HyperMesh (Altair Engineering. Inc., Troy, USA) and ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems. Inc., Houston, USA) was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Notch shaped cavity was filled with hybrid (Z100, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) or flowable resin (Tetric Flow, Viva dent Ets., FL-9494-Schaan, Liechtenstein) and each restoration was simulated with adhesive layer thickness ($40{\mu}m$). A static load of 200 N was applied on the three points of the buccal incline of the palatal cusp and oriented in $20^{\circ}$ increments, from vertical (long axis of the tooth) to oblique $40^{\circ}$ direction towards the buccal. The maximum principal stresses in the occlusal and cervical cavosurface margin and vertical section of buccal surfaces of notch-shaped class V cavity were analyzed using ANSYS. As the angle of loading direction increased, tensile stress increased. Loading site had little effect on it. Under same loading condition. Tetric Flow showed relatively lower stress than Z100 overall, except both point angles. Loading direction and the elastic modulus of restorative material seem to be important factor on the cervical restoration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.158-169
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• 2005

This study was done to evaluate the shear bond strength between light-cured glass ionomer cement (GIC) base and resin cement for luting indirect resin inlay and to observe bonding aspects which is produced at the interface between them by SEM. Two types of light cured GIC (Fuji II LC Improved, GC Co. Tokyo, Japan and Vitrebond$^{TM}$, 3M, Paul Minnesota U.S.A) were used in this study. For shear bond test, GIC specimens were made and immersed in 37$^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. Eighty resin inlays were prepared with Artglass$^{(R)}$ (Heraeus Kultzer Germany) and luted with Variolink$^{(R)}$ II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Shear bond strength of each specimen was measured and fractured surface were examined. Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA. Twenty four extracted human third molars were selected and Class II cavities were prepared and GIC based at axiopulpal lineangle. The specimens were immersed in 37$^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. And then the resin inlays were luted to prepared teeth. The specimens were sectioned vertically with low speed saw. The bonding aspect of the specimens were observed by SEM (JSM-5400$^{(R)}$, Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) .There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength according to storage periods of light cured GIC base. And cohesive failure was mostly appeared in GIC On scanning electron micrograph, about 30 - 120 $\mu$m of the gaps were observed on the interface between GIC base and dentin. No gaps were observed on the interface between GTC and resin inlay.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various occlusal loading sites and directions on the stress distribution of the cervical composite resin restorations of maxillary second premolar, using 3 dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. Extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium). The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA). HyperMesh (Altair Engineering, Inc., Troy, USA) and ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA) was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Notch shaped cavity was filled with hybrid (Z100, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) or flowable resin (Tetric Flow, Vivadent Ets., FL-9494-Schaan, Liechtenstein) and each restoration was simulated with adhesive layer thickness ($40{\mu}m$). A static load of 200 N was applied on the three points of the buccal incline of the palatal cusp and oriented in $20^{\circ}$ increments, from vertical (long axis of the tooth) to oblique $40^{\circ}$ direction towards the buccal. The maximum principal stresses in the occlusal and cervical cavosurface margin and vertical section of buccal surfaces of notch-shaped class V cavity were analyzed using ANSYS. As the angle of loading direction increased, tensile stress increased. Loading site had little effect on it. Under same loading condition, Tetric Flow showed relatively lower stress than Z100 overall, except both point angles. Loading direction and the elastic modulus of restorative material seem to be important factor on the cervical restoration.