• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.875-881
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• 2001

청피와 모려에 다른 부재료를 사용하여 최적의 혼합비로 음료를 제조하기 위하여 모려에 대해 원소 분석한 결과 무기물 공급원으로 Ca가 18.8 ppm, Na가 23.8ppm으로 가장 많이 함유되었다. 청피에 대해 아미노산 분석한 결과 aspartic acid가 14290.431 pmol로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, 필수 아마노산이 모두 함유되어 있었다. 이와 같은 분석 결과에 의해 음료를 제조한 결과 Citrus 1g, Amomum O.25g, Pueraria 0.5g, Ostrea 12g, citric acid 1g, sodium benzoate O.5g, aspartic acid 0.5g, raw sugar 90g 비율로 제조한 것이 관능검사를 실시한 결과 향기, 맛, 색 등 전반적으로 기호도 및 호감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 일반분석한 결과 3종류간에 차이는 없었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2017

Citrus blast caused by bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. Considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 P. syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrB, rpoD, and gap1 gene sequences. Gene sequences from a collection of 54 reference pathotype strains of P. syringae from the Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database (PAMDB) was used to establish a genetic relationship with our isolates obtained from mandarin. Phylogenetic analyses of gyrB, rpoD, and gap1 gene sequences showed that P. syringae pv. syringae causes citrus blast in mandarin in Montenegro, and belongs to genomospecies 1. Genetic homogeneity of isolates suggested that the Montenegrian population might be clonal which indicates a possible common source of infection. These findings may assist in further epidemiological studies of this pathogen and for determining mandarin breeding strategies for P. syringae control.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Citrus Reticulata(CR) on the Cell Detachment and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-668 Cells. The effect of CR on apoptosis was investigated through MTT assay, DAPI staining, and TUNEL assay. We also performed RT-PCR for apoptotic genes including BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3, the caspase-3 activity assay, and western blotting for pro-CASP-3. Then, to detect that adhesion of cell to ECM was reduced by CR, we investigated mRNA expression of CDH1 and PTK2 using RT-PCR, and their protein expressions using western blotting, and immunocytochemistry in SNU-668 cells. In this study, the results showed that treatment of CR induced time and dose-dependent cell death in SNU-668 cells. Downregulated mRNA expression of BCL-2, and upregulated mRNA expressions of BAX and CASP-3 indicated that the cell death was due to apoptosis. Protein expression of inactivated CASP-3, and caspase-3 activity assay also showed that apoptosis was induced in CR-treated cells.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 제주도 자생 감귤 17종에 대하여 탈색소효과(depigment effect)를 연구하였다. B16 멜라닌 생성세포(B16 melanoma cell)를 이용하여 tyrosinase 및 멜라닌 생성억제 효과를 연구한 결과 대조군 대비하여 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 3종의 미성숙 온주밀감(immature Citrus unshue), 팔삭(Citrus hassaku), 진지향(Citrus sinensis ${\times}$ reticulata)을 도출하였다. 또한, 이와 같이 도출된 감귤 추출물을 이용하여 멜라닌 세포 생성(melanogenesis)에 영향을 미치는 tyrosinase, DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP-2)와 DHICA oxidase (TRP-1) 단백질 발현을 실험한 결과 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 단백질 발현이 감소함을 나타내었다. 특히 이들 중 미성숙 온주밀감은 tyrosinase와 TRP-1 단백질 발현에서 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과로써 미성숙 온주밀감은 모든 실험에서 우수한 효과를 나타내어 UV에 의해서 야기되는 피부 색소 침착을 방지할 수 있는 물질로서 기대할 수 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2003

Citrus reticulata 감과 과피조직 내에서 탈리를 전후하여 신속하게 진행되는 특정 미세구조의 분화양상을 전자현미경적으로 연구하였다. 특히, 색소체 전환이 진행되어 뚜렷한 외과피층을 이루는 후각세포 내에서 일어나는 미세소기관 분해물질의 형성 및 특성에 초점을 두어 연구하였다. 색 변화가 수반된 발달 중의 외과피 유세포들은 세포벽이 비후되면서 1차공역이 잘 발달하는 후각세포로 분화하며, 대부분의 색소체는 유색체로 전환되어 티라코이드는 거의 소실되고 지질입자를 다량 함유하는 불규칙적인 형태로 변형되었다. 이때 세포막이나 액포막에서는 국부적으로 형성된 수많은 소낭들이 집적되어 세포질 내부로 이동하였고, 세포간 1차공역에 발달하는 원형질연락사를 통한 소낭의 집적현상 또한 빈번히 일어났다. 집적된 소낭들은 융합되어 전자밀도가 높은 구형 또는 일정한 형태가 없는 구조(EDB)로 되며, 이동하여 엽록체, 미토콘드리아 등의 주요 세포소기관을 점차 포위하였다. 소액포들은 융합하여 거대액포가 되며, 세포질 및 EDB에 포위된 소기관들은 점차 분해되기 시작하였다. EDB는 리파제 확인실험에 의해 지질성 물질로 이루어진 구조로 확인되었다. 과피발달 초기에 선행된 중과피 분화는 세포 내에서 급격히 진행된 용해현상에 의해 수많은 소액포들로 이루어진 거대한 세포 공강을 형성하며 밀착되어 불규칙적인 세포벽과 함께 해면성으로 되었다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 감과가 식물체에서 분리되기 직전에서부터 탈리 후까지 일어나는 과피의 발달 및 노화현상을 추적하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.645-671
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• 2021

Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is strongly related with central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), hyperglycemia, and hypertension. This study reviewed the potential of Chenpi in treatment of MetS through amelioration of co-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Methods: Six electronic databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), PubMed, and Embase) were used to search for in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that discusses the potential effects of Chenpi (Citrus unshiu Markovich, Citrus reticulata Blanco) on diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Results: This review suggests the potential of Chenpi as a candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome through improvement of co-related diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. However, comparison of the results of each study was limited by a lack of quantification of the experimental materials.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2004

A modified $\delta$-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis (B.t.t.), encoding a coleoptera-specific toxin, was utilized to transform citrus plants, Citrus reticulata Blanco 'Ponkan' mandarian. By co-culturing the nucelli with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the modified gene in the binary vector pBinAR-Btt, the chimeric toxin gene was transferred into citrus plants. The transgenic plants were selected on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization experiments demonstrated that the transgenic plants contained and expressed the toxin protein gene.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2011

감귤 '성전온주'(C. unshiu Marc)와 '병감'(C. reticulate Blanco)을 교배하여 얻은 다배성종자에서 교잡실생을 생육초기에 효과적으로 식별할 수 있는 방법 얻고자 PCR 기법에 바탕을 둔 RAPD와 SRAP 방법을 수행하였다. UBC (9, 27, 229, 230, 254) 프라이머와 SRAP (F4/R27, F7/R14, F12/R10, F44/R62) 프라이머 조합들을 사용하여 55개의 교배종자에서 얻은 실생들을 조사한 결과 37개의 종자에서 교잡실생을 식별할 수 있었다. F7/R14프라이머 조합에서는 45.5% (25/55)의 교잡실생을 식별할 수 있었고, UBC27 프라이머에서는 50.9% (28/55)의 식별효율을 보였다. 성전온주와 병감의 교배종자에서 UBC27 프라이머와 F7/R14 프라이머조합을 동시에 적용하였을 때에는 33개(60%, 33/55)의 종자에서 교잡실생을 식별할 수 있었다. 따라서 RAPD와 SRAP를 이용하였을 때 다배성 종자에서 교잡실생을 생육초기에 효율적으로 식별할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2012

Targeted therapy has been a very promising strategy of drug development research. Many molecular mechanims of diseases have been known to be regulated by abundance of proteins, such as receptors and hormones. Chemoprevention for treatment and prevention of diseases are continuously developed. Pre-clinical and clinical studies in chemoprevention field yielded many valuable data in preventing the onset of disease and suppressing the progress of their growth, making chemoprevention a challenging and a very rational strategy in future researches. Natural products being rich of flavonoids are those fruits belong to the genus citrus. Ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia peels showed anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, co-chemotherapeutic and estrogenic effects. Several examples of citrus flavonoids that are potential as chemotherapeutic agents are tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, and naringin. Those flavonoids have been shown to possess inhibition activity on certain cancer cells' growth through various mechanisms. Moreover, citrus flavonoids also perform promising effect in combination with several chemotherapeutic agents against the growth of cancer cells. Some mechanisms involved in those activities are through cell cycle modulation, antiangiogenic effect, and apoptosis induction.Previous studies showed that tangeretin suppressed the growth of T47D breast cancer cells by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. While in combination with tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-FU, respectively, it was proven to be synergist on several cancer cells. Hesperidin and naringenin increased cytotoxicitity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells. Besides, citrus flavonoids also performed estrogenic effect in vivo. One example is hesperidin having the ability to decrease the concentration of serum and hepatic lipid and reduce osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Those studies showed the great potential of citrus fruits as natural product to be developed as not only the source of co-chemotherapeutic agents, but also phyto-estrogens. Therefore, further study needs to be conducted to explore the potential of citrus fruits in overcoming cancer.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

Citrus tristeza virus(CTV), an aphid-borne closterovirus, is one of the most destructive pathogens of citrus. It has caused rapid decline in growth, stem pitting and death in citrus trees. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for detection of CTV and investigation of the CTV infection status of citrus and its related cultivars in Cheju island. For RT-PCR based CTV detection, primers were designed to amplify 670bp of coat protein gene. A screening test for CTV in citrus cultivars was conducted from March to July in 1999. Seventy individual citrus trees representing 9 species of 3 genera were tested. The infection rates of CTV for leaves from the years or older trees of late maturing citrus varieties such as Yuzu (C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), Navel orange (C.sinensis Osbeck), Kiyomitanger (C. unshiu x C. sinensis), and Shiranuhi ((C. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata) were 100%, 80%, 60%, and 60% respectively. The CTV infection rates in Early satsuma mandarins such as 'Miyagawa Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Miyagawa) and 'Okitsu Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Okitsu) were 100%, and 60%, respectively. CTV was not detected in Cheju native Dangyooja (C. unshiu Marc. var. Osbeck), Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and Kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle). In conclusion, RT-PCR assay can be successfully applied to the detection of CTV in citrus trees.