Browse > Article

The Study on the Whitening Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Various Citrus Fruits  

Kim, Han-Sung (R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation)
Lee, Chan-Woo (R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation)
Kim, Duck-Hee (R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation)
Kim, Gi-Ok (Hi-Tech Industry Development Institute)
Kim, Se-Jae (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Chang, Ih-Seop (R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation)
Publication Information
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea / v.33, no.2, 2007 , pp. 69-77 More about this Journal
Abstract
We examined the depigmentation effect on Korean traditional citrus 17 species. With B16 melanoma cells, we have seen inhibition of the tyrosinase and melanin formation, which eventually were dose dependently decreased by three citrus fruits, immature Citrus unshiu, Citrus hassaku, and Citrus sinensis ${\times}$ reticulata as compared with positive control. Also, we examined expression of tyrosinase, DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP-2), and DHICA oxidase (TRP-1) which affect melanin synthesis. Especially, immature Citrus unshiu decreased the protein levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In conclusion, immature Citrus unshue showed the strongest activity in all the experiments mentioned above and we expect that it can be used for preventing UV-induced pigmentation.
Keywords
malanin; antioxidative; TRP-1; TRP-2; depigment; immature Citrus unshiu; Citro hassaku;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 V. del Marmol and F. Beermann, Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation, FEBS Lett., 381, 165 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 H. Yasui and H. Sakurai, Age-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live hairless rats exposed to UVA light, Experimental Dermatology, 12, 655 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 A, Murakami, Y. Nakamura, Y. Ohto, M. Yano, T. Koshiba, K. Koshimizu, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, and H. Ohigashi, Suppressive effects of citrus fruits on free radical generation and nobiletin, an anti-inflammatory polymethoxyflavonoid, Biofactors, 12, 187 (2000)   DOI   PUBMED
4 S. Y. Seo, V. K. Sharma, and N. Sharma, Mushroom tyrosinase: recent prospects, J. Agric. Food Chem, 51, 2837 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 T. Kuzumaki, A. Matsuda, K. Wakamatsu, S. Ito, and K. Ishikawa, Eumelanin biosynthesis is regulated by coordinate expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 genes. Experimental cell research, 207, 33 (1993)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 H. Ando, A. Itoh, Y. Mishima, and M. Ichihashi, Correlation between the number of melanosomes, tyrosinase mRNA levels, and tyrosinase activity in cultured murine melanoma cells in response to various melanogenesis regulatory agents, J. cellular physiology, 163, 608 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 V. J. Hearing, and M. Jimenez, Mammalian tyrosinase-the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation, Int. J. Biochem., 19, 1141 (1987)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 E. V. Curto, C. Kwong, H. Hermersdorfer, H. Glatt, C. Santis, V. Virador, V. J. Hearing, and T. P. Dooley, Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase: in vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors, Biochemical Pharmacology, 57, 663 (1999)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
9 R. G. Christine, A. Edith, and B. Robert, NO Produced by Ultraviolrt-irradiated keratinocytes Stimulates Melanogenesis, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 635 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
10 A. J. Kanwar, S. Dhar, and S. Kaur, Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids, Dermatology, 188, 170 (1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 A. Korner and J. Pawelek, Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin, Sci., 217, 1163 (1982)   DOI
12 T. Kobayashi, K. Urabe, A. Winder, C. Jimenez-Cervantes, G. Imokawa, T. Brewington, F. Solano, J. C. Garcia-Borron, and V. J. Hearing, Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis, EMBO J. 13, 5818 (1994)   PUBMED
13 J. M. Naeyaert, M. Eller, P. R. Gordon, H. Y. Park, and B. A. Gilchrest, Pigment content of cultured human melanocytes does not correlate with tyrosinase message level, The British J. Dermatology, 125, 297 (1991)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 G. E. Hoganson, F. Ledwitz-Rigby, R. L. Davidson, and B. B. Fuller, Regulation of tyrosinase mRNA levels in mouse melanoma cell clones by melanocyte-stimulating hormone and cyclic AMP, Somatic cell and molecular genetics, 15, 255 (1989)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 M. Seiberg, C. Paine, E. Sharlow, P. Andrade-Gordon, M. Costanzo, M. Eisinger, and S. S. Shapiro, Inhibition of melanosome transfer results in skin lightening, J. Inv. Dermatology., 115, 162 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
16 J. Yamakoshi, F. Otsuka, A. Sano, S. Tokutake, M. Saito, M. Kikuchi, and Y. Kubota, Lightening effect on ultraviolet-induced pigmentation of guinea pig skin by oral administration of a proanthocyanidinrich extract from grape seeds, Pigment Cell Research, 16, 629 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 R. Busca and R. Ballotti, Cyclic AMP a key messenger in the regulation of skin pigmentation, Pigment Cell Research, 13, 60 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
18 A. L. Kadekaro, H. Kanto, R. Kavanagh, and Z. A. Abdel-Malek, Significance of the melanocortin 1 receptor in regulating human melanocyte pigmentation, proliferation, and survival, Annals of the New York Academy of Sci., 994, 359 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
19 E. Karg, G. Odh, A. Wittbjer, E. Rosengren, and H. Rorsman, Hydrogen peroxide as an inducer of elevated tyrosinase level in melanoma cells, J. Investigative Dermatology, 100, 209 (1993)   DOI
20 W. Ma, M. Wlaschek, I. Tantcheva-Poor, L. A. Schneider, L. Naderi, Z. Razi-Wolf, J. Schuller, and K. Scharffetter- Kochanek, Chronological ageing and photoageing of the fibroblasts and the dermal connective tissue, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 26, 592 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 K. Yokoyama, K. Yasumoto, H. Suzuki, and S. Shibahara, Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 27080 (1994)   PUBMED