• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.114-123
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• 2023

With the development of computer vision technology, video sensors such as CCTV are detecting incident. However, most of the current incident have been detected based on existing fixed imaging equipment. Accordingly, there has been a limit to the detection of incident in shaded areas where the image range of fixed equipment is not reached. With the recent development of edge-computing technology, real-time analysis of mobile image information has become possible. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of detecting expressway emergencies by introducing computer vision technology to dash cam. To this end, annotation data was constructed based on 4,388 dash cam still frame data collected by the Korea Expressway Corporation and analyzed using the YOLO algorithm. As a result of the analysis, the prediction accuracy of all objects was over 70%, and the precision of traffic accidents was about 85%. In addition, in the case of mAP(mean Average Precision), it was 0.769, and when looking at AP(Average Precision) for each object, traffic accidents were the highest at 0.904, and debris were the lowest at 0.629.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.413-423
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• 2024

Sixteen male college students were divided into two groups: a face-to-face group(n=8) and a real-time non-face-to-face exercise group(n=8), engaging in 30minute sessions twice a week for a duration of 8 weeks. Body composition and physical strength were measured as dependent variables before and after the home training period. For data analysis, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted to evaluate the effects on body composition and physical strength, considering differences in exercise methods and measurement periods. Post hoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was applied. To compare the mean difference in change between groups, the pre-post difference was calculated, and an independent t-test was performed. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. The results showed that 8 weeks of home training led to an increase in skeletal muscle mass and improvements in muscle strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance in male college students, regardless of whether they participated in face-to-face or real-time non-face-to-face exercise. Moreover, there was no significant difference in exercise effectiveness between the face-to-face and real-time non-face-to-face exercise methods. Thus, these findings suggest that real-time non-face-to-face exercise can be as effective as face-to-face exercise in enhancing skeletal muscles and physical strength in male college students. Additionally, if a real-time non-face-to-face exercise program is validated for individuals with mobility issues or the elderly, it could serve as an effective alternative for those who face challenges in participating in face-to-face exercise sessions.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.3 s.8
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Traffic condition monitoring system serves as the foundation for all intelligent transportation system operation. Loop detectors and Video Image Processing are the most widely common technology approach to condition monitoring in korea Highways. Lane Usage is defined as the proportion of total link volume served by each lane. In this research, the lane Usage(LU) of two lane link for one day. Interval is 56% : 44%. The LU of three lane link is 39% : 37% : 24%. The LU of four lane link is 25% : 29% : 26% : 21%. These analysis reveal that each lane distributions of link are not same. This research investigates the general concept of lane usage by using collected loop detector data and the investigated that lane distribution is different by traffic lane and lane usage is consistent by time of day.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is a polishing process used in the microelectronic fabrication industries to achieve a globally planar wafer surface for the manufacturing of integrated circuits. Pad conditioning plays an important role in the CMP process to maintain a material removal rate (MRR) and its uniformity. For metal CMP process, highly acidic slurry containing strong oxidizer is being used. It would affect the conditioner surface which normally made of metal such as Nickel and its alloy. If conditioner surface is corroded, diamonds on the conditioner surface would be fallen out from the surface. Because of this phenomenon, not only life time of conditioners is decreased, but also more scratches are generated. To protect the conditioners from corrosion, thin organic film deposition on the metal surface is suggested without requiring current conditioner manufacturing process. To prepare the anti-corrosion film on metal conditioner surface, vapor SAM (self-assembled monolayer) and FC (Fluorocarbon) -CVD (SRN-504, Sorona, Korea) films were prepared on both nickel and nickel alloy surfaces. Vapor SAM method was used for SAM deposition using both Dodecanethiol (DT) and Perfluoroctyltrichloro silane (FOTS). FC films were prepared in different thickness of 10 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm on conditioner surfaces. Electrochemical analysis such as potentiodynamic polarization and impedance, and contact angle measurements were carried out to evaluate the coating characteristics. Impedance data was analyzed by an electrical equivalent circuit model. The observed contact angle is higher than 90o after thin film deposition, which confirms that the coatings deposited on the surfaces are densely packed. The results of potentiodynamic polarization and the impedance show that modified surfaces have better performance than bare metal surfaces which could be applied to increase the life time and reliability of conditioner during W CMP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

Wild boars(Sus scrofa) are expanding their range of behavior as their habitats change. Appearing in urban centers and private houses, it caused various social problems, including damage to crops. In order to prevent damage and effectively manage wild boars, there is a need for ecological research considering the characteristics and movement characteristics of wild boars. The purpose of this study is to analyze home range and identify land cover types in key areas through tracking wild boars, and to predict the movement connectivity of wild boars in consideration of previous studies and their preferred land use characteristics. In this study, from January to June 2021, four wild boars were captured and tracked in Jinju city, Gyeongsangnam-do, and the preferred land cover type of wild boars was identified based on the MCP 100%, KDE 95%, and KDE 50% results. As a result of the analysis of the home range for each individual, it was found that 100% of MCP was about 0.68km², 2.77km², 2.42km², and 0.16km², and the three individuals overlapped the home range, refraining from habitat movement and staying in the preferred area. The core areas were analyzed as about 0.55km², 2.05km², 0.82km², and 0.14km² with KDE 95%., and about 0.011km², 0.033km², 0.004km², and 0.003km² with KDE 50%. When the preferred land cover type of wild boar was confirmed based on the results of analysis of the total home range area and core area that combined all individuals, forests were 55.49% (MCP 100%), 54.00% (KDE 95%), 77.69% (KDE 50%), respectively, with the highest ratio, and the urbanization area, grassland, and agricultural area were relatively high. A connectivity scenario was constructed in which the ratio of the land cover type preferred by the analyzed wild boar was reflected as a weight for the resistance value of the connectivity analysis, and this was compared with the connectivity evaluation results analyzed based on previous studies and wild boar characteristics. When the current density values for the wild boar movement data were compared, the average value of the existing scenario was 2.76, the minimum 1.12, and the maximum 4.36, and the weighted scenario had an average value of 2.84, the minimum 0.96, and the maximum 4.65. It was confirmed that, on average, the probability of movement predictability was about 2.90% better even though the weighted scenario had movement restrictions due to large resistance values. It is expected that the identification of the movement route through the movement connectivity analysis of wild boars can be suggested as an alternative to prevent damage by predicting the point of appearance. In the future, when analyzing the connectivity of species including wild boar, it is judged that it will be effective to use movement data on actual species.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-220
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted an empirical analysis of the factors that affect the change of Bitcoin Closing Price. Previous studies have focused on the security of the block chain system, the economic ripple effects caused by the cryptocurrency, legal implications and the acceptance to consumer about cryptocurrency. In various area, cryptocurrency was studied and many researcher and people including government, regardless of country, try to utilize cryptocurrency and applicate to its technology. Despite of rapid and dramatic change of cryptocurrencies' price and growth of its effects, empirical study of the factors affecting the price change of cryptocurrency was lack. There were only a few limited studies, business reports and short working paper. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what factors effect on the change of closing Bitcoin price. For analysis, hypotheses were constructed from three dimensions of consumer, industry, and macroeconomics for analysis, and time series data were collected for variables of each dimension. Consumer variables consist of search traffic of Bitcoin, search traffic of bitcoin ban, search traffic of ransomware and search traffic of war. Industry variables were composed GPU vendors' stock price and memory vendors' stock price. Macro-economy variables were contemplated such as U.S. dollar index futures, FOMC policy interest rates, WTI crude oil price. Using above variables, we did times series regression analysis to find relationship between those variables and change of Bitcoin Closing Price. Before the regression analysis to confirm the relationship between change of Bitcoin Closing Price and the other variables, we performed the Unit-root test to verifying the stationary of time series data to avoid spurious regression. Then, using a stationary data, we did the regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, we found that the change of Bitcoin Closing Price has negative effects with search traffic of 'Bitcoin Ban' and US dollar index futures, while change of GPU vendors' stock price and change of WTI crude oil price showed positive effects. In case of 'Bitcoin Ban', it is directly determining the maintenance or abolition of Bitcoin trade, that's why consumer reacted sensitively and effected on change of Bitcoin Closing Price. GPU is raw material of Bitcoin mining. Generally, increasing of companies' stock price means the growth of the sales of those companies' products and services. GPU's demands increases are indirectly reflected to the GPU vendors' stock price. Making an interpretation, a rise in prices of GPU has put a crimp on the mining of Bitcoin. Consequently, GPU vendors' stock price effects on change of Bitcoin Closing Price. And we confirmed U.S. dollar index futures moved in the opposite direction with change of Bitcoin Closing Price. It moved like Gold. Gold was considered as a safe asset to consumers and it means consumer think that Bitcoin is a safe asset. On the other hand, WTI oil price went Bitcoin Closing Price's way. It implies that Bitcoin are regarded to investment asset like raw materials market's product. The variables that were not significant in the analysis were search traffic of bitcoin, search traffic of ransomware, search traffic of war, memory vendor's stock price, FOMC policy interest rates. In search traffic of bitcoin, we judged that interest in Bitcoin did not lead to purchase of Bitcoin. It means search traffic of Bitcoin didn't reflect all of Bitcoin's demand. So, it implies there are some factors that regulate and mediate the Bitcoin purchase. In search traffic of ransomware, it is hard to say concern of ransomware determined the whole Bitcoin demand. Because only a few people damaged by ransomware and the percentage of hackers requiring Bitcoins was low. Also, its information security problem is events not continuous issues. Search traffic of war was not significant. Like stock market, generally it has negative in relation to war, but exceptional case like Gulf war, it moves stakeholders' profits and environment. We think that this is the same case. In memory vendor stock price, this is because memory vendors' flagship products were not VRAM which is essential for Bitcoin supply. In FOMC policy interest rates, when the interest rate is low, the surplus capital is invested in securities such as stocks. But Bitcoin' price fluctuation was large so it is not recognized as an attractive commodity to the consumers. In addition, unlike the stock market, Bitcoin doesn't have any safety policy such as Circuit breakers and Sidecar. Through this study, we verified what factors effect on change of Bitcoin Closing Price, and interpreted why such change happened. In addition, establishing the characteristics of Bitcoin as a safe asset and investment asset, we provide a guide how consumer, financial institution and government organization approach to the cryptocurrency. Moreover, corroborating the factors affecting change of Bitcoin Closing Price, researcher will get some clue and qualification which factors have to be considered in hereafter cryptocurrency study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1970-1982
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• 1993

This paper describes an efficient array algorithm for parallel computation of vector-radix two-dimensional (2-D) fast discrete cosine transform (VR-FCT), and its VLSI implementation. By mapping the 2-D VR-FCT onto a 2-D array of processing elements (PEs), the butterfly structure of the VR-FCT can be efficiently importanted with high concurrency and local communication geometry. The proposed array algorithm features architectural modularity, regularity and locality, so that it is very suitable for VLSI realization. Also, no transposition memory is required, which is invitable in the conventional row-column decomposition approach. It has the time complexity of O(N+Nnzp-log2N) for (N*N) 2-D DCT, where Nnzd is the number of non-zero digits in canonic-signed digit(CSD) code, By adopting the CSD arithmetic in circuit desine, the number of addition is reduced by about 30%, as compared to the 2`s complement arithmetic. The computational accuracy analysis for finite wordlength processing is presented. From simulation result, it is estimated that (8*8) 2-D DCT (with Nnzp=4) can be computed in about 0.88 sec at 50 MHz clock frequency, resulting in the throughput rate of about 72 Mega pixels per second.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.155-166
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• 2016

It is important to configure capacitance(C) of the capacitor and the induction coefficient(L) of the work coil on the resonant circuit design stage in order to induce heating on the object by a precise and constant frequency components in the electromagnetic induction heating equipment. Work coil conducts a direct induction heating according to heating point and area of the object which has a fixed heat factor so that work coil is designed to has fixed value. On the other hands, Capacitor should be designed to be changed in order to be the higher the utilization of the entire equipment. It is extracted the samples by variation of single electrode capacity from the selection stage of raw materials for capacity to the stage of process design for output of the high frequency LC resonance of 700kHz on 1000 VAC maximum voltage and current to $200I_{MAX}$. It is suggested fundamental experiment results in order to prove relation for the optimal design of HF-LC resonance conduction-cooled capacitor based on the response of frequency characteristics and results of output parameters according to variation of the capacitance size.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1055-1063
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• 2013

Low noise amplifiers(LNAs) are an integral component of RF receivers and are frequently required to operate at wide frequency bands for various wireless systems. For wideband operation, important performance metrics such as voltage gain, return loss, noise figures and linearity have been carefully investigated and characterized for the proposed LNA. An inductive shunt feedback configuration is successfully employed in the input stage of the proposed LNA which incorporates cascaded networks with a peaking inductor in the buffer stage. Design equations for obtaining low and high input matching frequencies are easily derived, leading to a relatively simple method for circuit implementation. Careful theoretical analysis explains that poles and zeros are characterized and utilized for realizing the wideband response. Linearity is significantly improved because the inductor between gate and drain decreases the third-order harmonics at the output. Fabricated in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process, the chip area of this LNA is $0.202mm^2$, including pads. Measurement results illustrate that input return loss shows less than -7 dB, voltage gain greater than 8 dB, and a little high noise figure around 7~8 dB over 1.5~13 GHz. In addition, good linearity(IIP3) of 2.5 dBm is achieved at 8 GHz and 14 mA of current is consumed from a 1.8 V supply.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose thermal resistance compact model of FinFET structure that has hexagon shaped source/drain. The heating effect and thermal properties were increased by reduced size of the device, and thermal resistance is an important factor to analyze the effect and the properties. The heat source and each contact that is moved heat out were set up in transistor, and domain is divided by the heat source and the four parts of contacts : source, drain, gate, substrate. Each contact thermal resistance model is subdivided as a easily interpretable structure by analyzing the temperature and heat flow of the TCAD simulation results. The domains are modeled based on an integration or conformal mapping method through the structure parameters according to its structure. First modeled by analyzing the thermal resistance to a single fin, and applying the change in the parameter of the channel increases to improve the accuracy of the thermal resistance model of the multi-fin/ finger. The proposed thermal resistance model was compared to the thermal resistance by analyzing results of the 3D Technology CAD simulations, and the proposed total thermal resistance model has an error of 3 % less in single and multi-finl. The proposed thermal resistance model can predict the thermal resistance due to the increase of the fin / finger, and the circuit characteristics can be improved by calculating the self-heating effect and thermal characterization.