• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Cicuta virosa is an endangered species in Korea, which is a southern marginal area. To conserve and restore habitats of this plant, we investigated water and soil environmental characteristics and vegetation at four habitats during the growing season. The C. virosa habitats differed in community structure, water and substrate properties, and water regime. Although the total distribution ranges of the water and soil environments for C. virosa were wide and overlapped with the optimal environmental range of distribution of accompanying species, the optimal water level range for C. virosa was defined as $7{\pm}3.5$ cm. Water level was adjusted by substrate structure such as a mound of P. japonica and a floating mat comprised of accompanying species. A floating mat was an aid to maintain an optimal and stable water level in deep or fluctuating water and to prevent strong competition with prolific macrophytes. The GS sampling site, which had floating mats, could be a good model for C. virosa conservation in a warm temperate region, whereas the PC sampling sites, which experienced a water shortage in spring, provided a clue about the decline in C. virosa population size.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.595-600
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• 2022

Oenanthe javanica와 O. javanica var. japonica 한국 내 식용미나리이다. Cicuta virosa는 독미나리로 시큐톡신을 함유하고 있다. 미나리에 대한 RAPD 마크에 의한 분자적 변이를 조사하였다. RAPD 분석을 위해 10개 올리고프라이머(오페론, OPB)로 6개 집단을 분석하였다. 6개 집단에서 72개 DNA 분절(밴드)을 찾았다. 72 밴드 중 61개(84.7%) 밴드는 다형현상을 나타내었다. 한국 내 독미나리 자연 집단은 작고 격리되어 패치 분포를 이루고 있지만 높은 유전적 다양도를 가지고 있었다. 반면에, 재배종 미나리(Oenanthe javanica var. japonica) 집단은 채소용으로 논에서 광범위한 분포를 나타내지만 독미나리와 야생종 미나리에 비해 낮은 유전적 다양도를 나타내었다. 비록 야생집단이 재배집단에 비해 다양도가 높지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 전체 유전적 다양도(H_T)는 0.342였다. 집단 내 유전적 다양도(H_S)는 0.201이였다. 유전자 좌위에 근거한 집단 간 분화에서 전체 유전적 다양도의 비율(G_ST)은 0.414이므로 전체 변이의 41.4%는 집단 간에 있었다. 결론으로 RAPD기법은 독미나리와 식용미나리의 동정에 유용하였다. 또, RAPD의 OPB 마크는 미나리의 다른 자원과 식품 자원을 식별하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 분자 마크임을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2013

Cicuta virosa L. (Apiaceae) is a perennial emergent plant designated as an endangered species in South Korea. According to the former records, only four natural habitats remain in South Korea. A former study suggested that three of four populations (Pyeongchang: PC, Hoengseong: HS, Gunsan: GS) would be classified as different ecotypes based on their different morphological characteristics and life cycle under different environmental conditions. To evaluate this suggestion, we estimated genetic diversity in each population and distance among three populations by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Seven random primers generated a total of 61 different banding positions, 36 (59%) of them were polymorphic. Nei's gene diversity and the Shannon diversity index increased in the order of PC < HS < GS, which is the same order of population size. In the two-dimensional (2D) plot of first two principal components in principal component analysis with the presence of 61 loci, individuals could be grouped as three populations easily (proportion of variance = 0.6125). Nei's genetic distance for the three populations showed the same tendency with the geographical distance within three populations. And it is also similar to the result of discriminant analysis with the morphological or life-cycle factors from the previous study. From the results, we concluded that three different populations of C. virosa should be classified as ecotypes based on not only morphology and phenology but genetic differences in terms of diversity and distance as well.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.57-58
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• 2014

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

증가된 이산화탄소 농도와 온도상승에 따른 멸종위기 수생식물 독미나리의 생태학적 반응을 알아보기 위해 대조구, 온도상승구, 그리고 $CO_2$+온도상승구에서 생육시킨 결과를 비교하였다. 독미나리의 지상부 길이는 대조구, 온도상승구 그리고 $CO_2$+온도상승구간에 차이가 없었지만, 분얼 수는 대조구, 온도상승구, $CO_2$+온도상승구 순으로 증가했다. 복산형화서의 수는 대조구와 온도상승구에서 같았고, $CO_2$+온도상승구에서 감소했다. 소산형화서의 수는 대조구와 온도상승구, $CO_2$+온도상승구간에 차이가 없었다. 종자형성률은 온도상승구와 $CO_2$+온도상승구가 대조구보다 감소했고, 온도상승구와 $CO_2$+온도상승구간에 차이가 없었다. 이상으로 보면, $CO_2$농도와 온도상승은 길이생장에 영향을 주지 않은 반면, 분얼 수는 증가시키고 종자생산은 감소시킨다. 그러므로 독미나리는 지구 온난화 조건이 되면 종자생산보다 분얼을 늘려 무성번식 경향이 증가될 것이며, 이러한 개체군 생장을 연구하는 것은 멸종위기종 연구에 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Background: In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the nitrogen content, carbon content, and C:N ratio of seven rare and endangered species (Quercus gilva, Hibiscus hambo, Paliurus ramosissimus, Cicuta virosa, Bupleurum latissimum, Viola raddeana, and Iris dichotoma) were examined under control (ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature) for 3 years (May 2008 and June 2011). Results: Elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature result in a decline in leaf nitrogen content for three woody species in May 2009 and June 2011, while four herb species showed different responses to each other. The nitrogen content of B. latissimum and I. dichotoma decreased under treatment in either 2009 and 2011. The leaf nitrogen content of C. virosa and V. raddeana was not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature in 2009, but that of C. virosa increased and that V. raddeana decreased under the treatment in 2011. In 2009, it was found that there was no difference in carbon content in the leaves of the six species except for that of P. ramosissimus. On the other hand, while there was no difference in carbon content in the leaves of Q. gilva in the control and treatment in 2011, carbon content in the leaves of the remaining six species increased due to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. The C:N ratio in the leaf of C. virosa grown in the treatment was lower in both 2009 and 2011 than that in the control. The C:N ratio in the leaf of V. raddeana decreased by 16.4% from the previous year, but increased by 28.9% in 2011. For the other five species, C:N ratios increased both in 2009 and 2011. In 2009 and 2011, chlorophyll contents in the leaves of Q. gilva and H. hamabo were higher in the treatment than those in the control. In the case of P. ramosissimus, the ratio was higher in the treatment than that in the control in 2009, but in 2011, the result was the opposite. Among four herb species, the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of C. virosa, V. raddeana, and I. dichotoma did not show any difference between gradients in 2009, but decreased due to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature in 2011. Leaf nitrogen and carbon contents, C:N ratio, and chlorophyll contents in the leaves of seven rare and endangered species of plant were found to be influenced by the rise and duration of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, species, and interaction among those factors. Conclusions: The findings above seem to show that long-term rise of $CO_2$ concentration, and temperature causes changes in physiological responses of rare and endangered species of plant and the responses may be species-specific. In particular, woody species seem to be more sensitive to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature than herb species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2015

Sparganium japonicum Rothert. is designated as a near threatened species by the National Institute of Biological Resources and is restrictively distributed in South Korea. To conserve and restore habitats of this plant, we investigated environmental characteristics and vegetation at five habitats during the growing season. Thirty plant species from seventeen families were found in the S. japonicum community. The species frequently found in this community included Utricularia vulgaris, Potamogeton distinctus, Phragmites japonica, Cicuta virosa, Persicaria thunbergii, Phragmites communis, Hydrilla verticillata. Maximum height of this plant reached at August and average height at five habitats is 120 cm at this time. Water and soil environmental factors showed low values compared with that of other wetlands. S. japonicum lived in not only shallow water level but also deep water level. These results can be helpful for S. japonicum habitat conservation and restoration.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was fulfilled to investigate nominee materials as anti-inflammatory agent from ethanol extract of Chinese medicinal plants in Yanjin. Among the 20 candidates, we selected most effective one, the ethanol extract of Cicuta virosa L. (CVL). The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of CVL is not clearly identified as yet. Accordingly, we clarified the anti-inflammatory effects of CVL and its underlying molecular mechanisms in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with CVL (12.5, 25, or $50{\mu}M$) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Cytotoxicity was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the level of nitric oxide (NO) production was measured with Griess reagent. The prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production was measured with enzyme immunoassay kits and the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was determined using Western blot analysis. Results : Among the 20 ethanol extract of Chinese medicinal plants of Yanjin tested, CVL significantly reduced the production of NO in a dose-dependent manner via inhibition the protein expressions of iNOS without cytotoxicity on the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, CVL also effectively declined the production of $PGE_2$ in LPS-simulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusions : Taken together, these data presented in this study demonstrate that CVL possesses anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NO and $PGE_2$, and pro-inflammatory protein iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for maintenance and management of river ecosystem by surveying and analysing the kinds and their characteristics of vascular plants in Bukcheon stream, Gyeongju-si, South Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 428 taxa including 92 families, 265 genera, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties, 6 forms, 5 hybrids and 5 cultivars. Among the identified taxa, there were 90 planted species. The endangered wild species was Cicuta virosa, and the rare plants were 5 taxa including Prunus × yedoensis, Juniperus chinensis L. var. sargentii and so on. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa Populus × tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Lespedeza maritima, Forsythia koreana and Aster pseudoglehni. The specific plants by floristic region were 26 taxa including 2 taxa of grade V, 3 taxa of grade IV, 2 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade II and 11 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 81 taxa including Euphorbia maculata, Erigeron strigosus, Vulpia myuros and so on. The invasive alien plants were 7 taxa including Humulus scandens, Rumex acetosella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Lactuca seriola, Symphyotrichum pilosum and Paspalum distichum.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2020

묵논을 생태적으로 활용하기 위한 방법의 일환으로 논의 특성을 고려하여 생활형이 다른 멸종위기식물 9종의 현지외보전 대상지로서의 잠재력을 확인하였다. 한국의 전통적인 논의 구성요소인 둠벙을 조성하기 위해 묵논의 일부를 변형하여 수분 환경을 다르게 하였다. 묵논에 각 식물들의 유성생식체(seed, sapling)와 무성생식체를 이식하여 1년간 생존률과 식물계절학 반응을 관찰하였고 그 후 2년간 모니터링을 실시하였다. 그 결과 묵논에 도입이 가능한 수생식물은 4 분류군 (가시연꽃, 삼백초, 전주물꼬리풀, 조름나물), 지중식물은 1 분류군 (큰바늘꽃), 반지중식물은 1 분류군 (독미나리) 이었다. 도입시 가시연꽃, 전주물꼬리풀, 조름나물은 둠벙에 도입해야하고, 삼백초, 큰바늘꽃, 독미나리는 논습지에 도입해야한다. 또한, 가시연꽃과 순채의 생육은 초본류에 의해 저해되었고 큰바늘꽃의 생식생장은 섭식자에 의해 저해되었다. 따라서 묵논에 도입한 멸종위기식물의 효율적인 정착을 돕기 위해서는 생육을 저해하는 초본류들의 제거와 섭식자의 관리가 필요하고, 논둑에 목본 또는 식생 매트를 형성하는 초본류를 식재하여 둑의 붕괴를 방지할 필요가 있다. 특히 묵논을 생태적으로 활용할 때 생물다양성을 높이기 위해서는 둠벙을 조성하여 수분환경을 다양화시키는 것이 효과적이다.