• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 1999

In order to investigate the behavior of the herbicide metolachlor [2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)aceto-O-toluidide] in fish, carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed to the herbicide at $LC_{10}$(1.93 mg/L) for 4 days. Metolachlor dissolved in water was absorbed rapidly into carps to mark the maximum concentration 6 hours after exposure. The amounts of the $^{14}C$-metolachlor and its metabolites absorbed in gall were much higher than those in the other parts, strongly suggesting that biliary excretion involving enterohepatic recirculation could be an important route for the elimination of metolachlor. The $^{14}C$-radioactivity distributed into aqueous phase fraction in test water and in carp extract was increased in time-dependent manner. Extraction rate of $^{14}C$ absorbed in carp tissues was decreased remarkably up to 6 hours after exposure, suggesting that the possible polar metabolites of metolachlor were transformed into the conjugates to form non-extractable bound residues.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

Germanium-fortified yeast (GY) is a organic germanium-fortified yeast with potent immune modulating activities including anti-inflammatory effect. Through cell line studies, we observed that GY can modulate the diverse immune activity but little evidence was provided on the mechanism of GY in modulating immune activities in other higher animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of GY on modulation of immune function in mice. GY was administered in normal mice or tumor-bearing mice and then effect of GY on modulation of host immune system was analyzed by using ex vivo isolated macrophages, B cells, NK cells. Admistration of GY in mice induced macrophage activation thereby increased effector function of macrophage such as increased phagocytosis, chemotaxis, adherence, $O_2-release$, NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production. In addition, GY administration Increased B lymphocyte activation and plaque forming cells. Furthermore, GY administration increased NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, GY administration suppressed progression of tumor in mice by increasing $TNF-{\alpha}$ production and effector function of NK cells. Our results showed that GY has a potent immunostimulatory function in vivo mice model. Proper modulation and administration of GY in human could be helpful to maintaining immunological homeostasis by modulating host immune system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.310-326
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• 2016

A lot of colleges have made continued efforts to help freshmen adapt themselves to a new school life and environment and build a decent relationship with faculty and other students. Therefore, this study attempted to figure out the effectiveness of team teaching(team teaching by academic advisor, standard textbook-centered guidance vs. autonomous mentoring) on strategic cultural curriculum as a way to help freshmen adapt themselves to a school life. For research subjects, 31 enrolled freshmen and 5 professors from a college in Chungbuk were selected. In terms of research tools, 'Communication Competence Assessment Sheet' provided by Strategic Cultural Curriculum Development Team and a simple questionnaire on 'curriculum satisfaction, adaptation to school and intimacy' were applied. For data analysis, paired t-test, independent samples t-test and rating scale were conducted. The study results found the followings: First, according to analysis on the effects of two different types of team teaching on the goal of strategic cultural curriculum('improvement of communication competence'), significant effects were found in a standard curriculum(textbook)-centered team. Second, when adaptation to a school life(school adaptation, intimacy) perceived by the students who completed the strategic cultural curriculum according to two different types of team teaching curriculum was analyzed, significant changes were found at standard textbook-centered guidance team. Third, this study has examined other changes, satisfaction, opinions and perception(strength, weakness, opinions for improvement) on the curriculum perceived by the students(learners) and faculty regarding about team teaching curriculum. Based on these results, educational implications of this study were reviewed. And a suggestion and limits were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.855-863
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• 2016

Most greenhouse gases were arisen from the generation and use of energy, more than about 95 % of greenhouse gas from the traffic section was resulted by the transportation fuels. Also, when using the $CO_2$ emission factor suggested at IPCC G/L, there was the weakness which did not reflect the own property of fuel by country. And most industrialized countries have applied with the $CO_2$ emission factor of Tier 2 or Tier 3 to make the national greenhouse report to submit to UN according to the Kyoto Protocol. In this study, the transportation fuels using in domestic like unleaded gasoline, diesel, etc were analysed to identify the physical/chemical properties and these data were used to calculate the $CO_2$ emission factor of each fuels. And the study analysed the time series analysis to compare the property of fuels according to the change of time.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.676-685
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• 2016

This study investigated the conversion of oil products from polystyrene by using dispersed Co and Mo catalyst on reaction time and concentration change for knowledging on characteristics at low temperature (425, 450 and $475^{\circ}C$) pyrolysis and reaction time(20~80 min, 15 min interval) in a batch reactor. It will be showed the conditions for optimum pyrolysis at reaction temperature $450^{\circ}C$ and the reaction time 35min, and the main components of the converted liquid oil were styrene and benzene derivatives by GC/MS. The oil products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kero, diesel and heavy oil according to the domestic specification of petroleum products. The pyrolysis conversion rate was showed as Co catalyst > Mo catalyst > Thermal in all reaction time at reaction temperature $450^{\circ}C$. The yields rate of gas, kerosine, diesel were the most hight at Mo Catalyst, gasoline was at thermal and heavy oil was at Co catalyst. The conversion rate and yields of the pyrolysis products were the most height when Co catalyst ratio was 100%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.824-835
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• 2016

Although the number of registered cars in South Korea is above 21million and one family has about 1.07 cars, there is no national standard for automobile reference fuel in South Korea. Reference fuel is the fuel used for certificating vehicle performance, emissions and fuel economy. Now, domestic market fuels are used as reference fuel. However, the quality of domestic market fuel is constantly changing by seasonal and fuel manufacturers. It may effect vehicle performance, emissions and fuel efficiency test result. On this study, market fuel quality was monitored and reference fuel standard(draft) was set by reflecting market fuel monitoring result. Reference fuel standard(draft) was applied to GDI and MPI engine. As a result, the difference of fuel economy between fuels meeting the reference fuel standards(draft) was reduced to 1.1% while the difference of fuel economy between market fuels was 3.8%.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2015

Sensors, equipment, ICT facilities and their corresponding software have a relatively short lifetime relative to that of constructional structure, so these devices have to be continuously fixed or exchanged during maintenance and management. Furthermore, software or analysis tools should be periodically upgraded according to advances in ICT and analysis technology. Conventional monitoring systems have serious problems in that it is difficult for site engineers to modify or upgrade hardware and analysis algorithms. Moreover, we depend on the original system developer when we want to modify or upgrade inner program structures. In this paper, we propose a novel design for integrated maintenance and management of a monitoring system by applying the mobile cloud concept. The system is intended for use in disaster prevention of constructional structures, including bridges, tunnels, and in traditional buildings in a local heritage village, we analyze the status of these structures over a long term or a short-term period as well as in disaster situations. Data are collected over a mobile cloud and future expectations are analyzed according to probabilistic and statistical techniques. We implement our integrated monitoring system to solve the existing problems mentioned above. The final goal of this study is to design and implement a monitoring system for more than 10,000 structures spread within Korea. Furthermore, we can specifically apply the monitoring system presented here to a bridge made from timber in Asan Oeam Village and a traditional house in Andong Hahoe Village to monitor for possible disasters. The entire system design and implementation can be developed on the LinkSaaS platform and the monitoring services can also be implemented on the platform. We prove that the proposed system has good performance by performing a TTA authentication test, web accommodation test, and operation test using emulated data.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.26-37
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• 2020

This study intends to present a fragility analysis method suitable for concrete cable-stayed bridges by performing an analysis reflecting design criteria and material characteristics from the results of inelastic time-history analysis. In order to obtain the fragility curve of the cable-stayed bridge, the limit state of the main component of the cable-stayed bridge is determined, and the damage state is classified by comparing it with the response value based on inelastic time history analysis. The seismic fragility curve of the cable-stayed bridge was made by obtaining the probability of damage to PGA that the dynamic response of the vulnerable parts to input ground motion would exceed the limit state of each structural member. According to the pylon's fragility curve, the probability of moderate damage at 0.5g is 32% for the longitudinal direction, while 7% for the transversal direction, indicating that the probability of damage in the longitudinal direction is higher in the same PGA than in the transversal direction. The seismic fragility curve of the connections showed a very high probability of damage, meaning that damage to the connections caused by earthquakes is very sensitive compared to damage to the pylon and cables. The cable's seismic fragility curve also showed that the probability of complete damage state after moderate damage state gradually decreased, resulting in less than 30% probability of complete damage at 2.0g.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effect of deer's antler velvet on the testicular toxicity of rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD ). Thirty male rats were divided into three equal groups. The control group received vehicle (DMSO/acetone/soybean oil mixture) and saline; single dose of 50 $/mu$g/kg body weight TCDD was injected intraperitoneally into the single TCDD-treated and test group. Test group received ethanol extract of antler velvet (EAV) at daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks from one week before TCDD exposure. Decrease in body weight increment was less remarkable in test group compared with that of TCDD-treated group. TCDD-induced decrease in testicular weight, microtubular diameter and Johnson's score, and lesion were significantly alleviated by the treatment of EAV. This result led us to the conclusion that antler velvet can attenuate TCDD-induced testicular toxicity in rats.