• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-185
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• 2013

After analyzing the location, arrangement, inner structure, and form of the hunting pit in the Bronze Age, this paper sets up three types and talks about types of hunting pits. After analyzing the types of the hunting pit, three types of hunting pits are derived: mountain district - large group's arrangement - long oval - I II type(A), mountain district - arrangement in a line - oval - I type(B), flat area - arrangement in a line - oval - I III type(C). Literature, the ways in hunting pits, the purpose of the installations, and the characters are studied and compared with those of the anthropological cases. Even though hunting pits of types A and B are constructed to hide and get protein and bone of animals for breeding, there are differences in the ways in hunting and characters. Type of A seems to be constructed only for occupation that is the standardized hunting method on a small works. However, type B is the chasing method to hunt as a group and it has various purposes including main occupation. For example, it is for improving the war skills by practicing the hunting strategies and cooperating with the people. In addition, it is for getting a sacrifice for god. The type C hunting pit is estimated that it plays a role to protect themselves from invasion. It's inferred that there are many purposes for military defense and protection of people or animals within the village. It is the reason why the construction is spread in hunting pit including various purposes in the Bronze age that originates in social and economical specialization like the increase in agricultural productivity and appearance of a chief.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.01a
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• pp.223-245
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in depression, irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region, to provide basic materials to teach children with the likelihood to be depressed by analyzing the correlation of depression, irrational faith and school adaptation, and help them to have healthy emotion and behaviors. To achieve these goals, following agenda were set. First, what are the differences in the depression, the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region? Second, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and the irrational faith of elementary school students? Third, what is the relationship between the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students? Fourth, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and school adaptation of elementary school students? : To resolve these agenda, the subjects were selected from Grade 6 students from the elementary schools locatec in Suwon and Hwaseong. The jubjects were selected from the two schools in Suwon and three schools in Hwaseong which were randomly chosen. The subjects were 670 in total. 70 insincere answers were excluded from the analysis. Therefore the subjects used in the analysis were 600 in total(150 male and female students in city respectively and 150 male and female students in rural area respectively). The tools used for this study were Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Irrational Faith Test (over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern, evasive faith, over dependent faith), School Adaptation Test (Attitudes to teachers and school environments, hobbies and specialties, academic achievements, peer relationship). Materials were processed with the SPSS program for ANOVA and correlation analysis. All the statistical values were verified at .05 level. The followings are the results of the analysis of the collected data. First, in the analysis of depression, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=4.75, p<.05). Female students (X =56.93) showed a little higher value than male students (X =53.83). There was significant difference between regions (F=13.02, p<.001), too. Rural area students (X =57.93) showed higher value than city area students (X =52.82). When analyzing irrational faith, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=S.60, p<.05). Female students (X =81.32) showed a little higher value than male students (X =77.72). There was no significant difference according to regions. When analyzing the school adaptation, there was no significant difference according to either sex or region. Second, depression and irrational faith showed highly positive correlations in all areas. In particular, over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclination (r=.68, p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=.70, p<.001) and the rural area students (r=.69, p<.001) showed higher correlation between depression and irrational faith than male students and city area students (r=.63, p<.001). Additionally, in all areas including by sex and by region, a positive correlation was shown. In all variables such as male students (r=.63, p<.001), female students (r=.72, p<.001), city area students (r=.66, p<.001), and rural area students (r=.69, p<.001), over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclinations. Third, irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors such as over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern and evasive faith had significant negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in the scope of $r=-.27{\sim}-.52$. Determinism out of the sub factors of the irrational faith had the highest negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and sub factors at the scope of $r=-.37{\sim}-.51$. However, over-self-reliance showed the negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors only partially. When looking into the results by gender, both genders showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors with school adaptation. Male students showed highly negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in determinism ($r=-.35{\sim}-52$) and over-concern and evasive faith($r=-.31{\sim}-.51$), and fern ale students showed in over-self-reliance ($r=-.27{\sim}-.45$). However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. When looking into by region, both city and rural areas showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and it sub factors, and school adaptation. Rural areas showed higher negative correlation in irrational faith (overall) ($r=-.39{\sim}-.53$) and over-self-reliance ($r=-.32{\sim}-.44$) and dichotomy ($r=-.28{\sim}-.39$) than city areas. However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. Fourth, depression and school adaptation showed the negative correlation in all areas. In particular, academic achievements and peer relationship showed the highest negative correlation with depression (r=-.53 p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=-.62, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.61, p<.001) showed higher negative correlation with depression and school adaptation than female students (r=-.56, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.57, p<.001). Although there was negative correlation in all areas by sex and by region, male students (r=-.52, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in peer relationship and female students (r=-.57, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in academic records. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to provide elementary school students sho are likely to be depressed very easily with careful counselling and teaching based on the attention and love in school fields so that they can adapt themselves to home, school and society with positive and reasonable thinking.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.4 s.42
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• pp.39-54
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of gender equality consciousness of middle and high school student on the preference for Technology Home Economics and its teaming effectiveness. For this purpose, the gender equality consciousness, the preference and learning effectiveness of Technology Home Economics were measured among a number of 404 middle and high school students in Chuncheon city. The results of this study were summarized as following: 1. The gender equality consciousness of female students was higher than that of male students. 2. Middle and high school students had the higher preference and learning effectiveness for the Home Economics area in Technology Home Economics than they had for the Technology. 3. Female student's preference and learning effectiveness for the Home Economics area in Technology Home Economics were higher than male student's. Male student's preference and Loaming effectiveness for the Technology area in Technology Home Economics were higher than female student's. 4. The group which had relatively high gender equality consciousness score showed the higher preference and learning effectiveness for the Home Economics area in Technology Home Economics than the group with low gender equality consciousness score. In contrast, the group with low gender equality consciousness score had the higher preference for the Technology area in Technology Home Economics than the group with high gender equality consciousness score. In conclusion, gender equality consciousness and gender type had the most strong influence on the preference and learning effectiveness for Technology Home Economics among middle-high school students.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.3 s.37
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• pp.83-96
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• 2005

To assess the food intake and diet quality of high school students who live in Chuncheon area, a dietary survey using 24-hour recall method was conducted with 318 subjects. $71.4\%$ of total food intake was in the form of plant foods and the rest on the form of animal food. Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), and dietary variety score(DVS). When counting the major food groups consumed, $37.1\%$ of subjects had a DDS of 3 and $48.4\%$ of subjects had a DDS of 4. When investigating the consumption pattern of the major five food groups, only $14.5\%$ of subjects consumed foods from all five groups. On average, subjects habitually consumed 26.7 different foods daily, with the mean score of diet variety for males (27.3) being significantly higher than for females (25.8) . Correlation coefficients between nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and DVS ranged from r=0.39 for vitamin $B_2$ to r=0.61 for phosphorus. NAR also improved as the number or foods or rna groups consumed increased (p<0.001). Associations between the NAR and high level of DVS was more positive than those between the NAR with DDS. When assessing the dietary quality of subjects using DDS and DVS, many people appeared not to have a desirable food intake. Therefore, to lead them to have nutritionally balanced diet, educating students and their parents on nutrients and suggesting guidelines for a desirable diet is considered to be essential so that they can intake from all of major food group and have various foods in their diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the BMI, intake of snacks, and perceptions and use of food and nutrition labels by middle school students (144 boys and 189 girls) in Chuncheon area. The average height and weight of boys were $171.0{\pm}6.4$ cm and $61.0{\pm}11.4$ kg, respectively, whereas those of girls were $160.0{\pm}4.8$ cm and $50.8{\pm}6.6$ kg, respectively. Average body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls were $20.8{\pm}3.3$ and $19.8{\pm}2.4$, respectively (p<0.01). Dietary intake attitude score of girls ($34.39{\pm}5.66$) was higher than that of boys ($33.92{\pm}5.40$) (p<0.05). Subjects bought and ate snacks 1 to 3 times per week (40.2%) by themselves, and most consumed snacks were cookies (23.1%), instant noodles (16.2%), ice cream (13.2%), and candy and chocolates (13.2%). The most important factor in purchasing of snacks was 'taste' ($4.49{\pm}0.67$). When subjects bought processed foods, the rates of reading food labels was 86.6%. The most important factor of the food labels was 'expiration date' (42.9%). The degree of reading food labels on processed foods by girls ($22.70{\pm}5.72$) was higher than that of boys ($20.96{\pm}5.35$) (p<0.01). Of the 13.2% of subjects that did not read food labels, the reason why was that they were not interested (50.0%). Of the 78.4% of subjects that read nutrition labels, the most important component of the nutrition labels was 'calories' (75.9%). The main reason for reading nutrition labels was 'to control weight' (45.6%). In general, use of food labels correlated positively with dietary intake attitude score (p<0.05) and use of nutrition labels (p<0.01). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that 'usefulness of dietary life' was the most significant variable that affects the importance of food and nutrition labels. Therefore, development of an educational program on food and nutrition labels for adolescents will be effective in improving dietary life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1856-1864
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake status of university students in Chuncheon area (175 males and 131 females). This study was conducted by employing a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary assessment was measured by a 24-h recall method. The average height and weight of male students were $175.2{\pm}6.2cm$ and $68.2{\pm}9.9kg$, respectively. For female students, average values were $161.7{\pm}5.2cm$ and $55.1{\pm}6.5kg$, respectively. The mean BMIs for both male and female students were 22.2 and 21.1, respectively. In both male and female students, the rate of skipping breakfast was high. Daily averages for energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fat intakes in male students were significantly higher than those of female students (P<0.001). For male students, protein, vitamin B1, P, Fe, and Na were above recommended nutrient intake and adequate intake, whereas for female students, they were protein, vitamin A, P, and Na. For male students, nutrient intakes for Ca, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, and vitamin $B_6$ were below the estimated average requirement (EAR) by at least 50% or more, whereas for female students, they were vitamin C, Fe, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, folate, and Ca. Ca was alarmingly low, with more than 75% of both male and female students showing levels below the EAR. Therefore, it is important that nutritional education be facilitated for college students to take responsibility of their own health through learning about nutrient intake as well as developing positive eating habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1234-1242
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate BMI, dietary behavior, and nutrient intake status according to frequency of breakfast intake in female college students (n=253) in Chuncheon area. This study was conducted by employing a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary assessment was measured by the 24-h recall method. The subjects were divided into two groups by frequency of breakfast: Five to seven times per week (eating breakfast group, n=139) and none to four times per week (skipping breakfast group, n=114). The living with parents group showed significant high frequency of breakfast intake, whereas the self-boarding group showed significant low frequency of breakfast intake. The body image satisfaction score of the 5~7 times/week group was higher than that of the 0~4 times/week group. The average height and weight of the 5~7 times/week group were $161.0{\pm}0.1cm$ and $52.6{\pm}7.6kg$, respectively, whereas those of the 0~4 times/week group were $160.7{\pm}0.1cm$ and $57.1{\pm}11.8kg$, respectively. The average body mass index (BMI) values of the 5~7 times/week and 0~4 times/week groups were $19.8{\pm}1.9kg/m^2$ and $21.5{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$, respectively. The dietary behavior score of the 5~7 times/week group was higher than that of the 0~4 times/week group. The daily averages for energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes in the 5~7 times/week group were significantly higher than those of the 0~4 times/week group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, P, Zn, and cholesterol in the 5~7 times/week group were significantly higher than those of the 0~4 times/week group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that resident type was the most significant variable associated with breakfast intake frequency. Therefore, strengthening dietary education programs that largely focus on resident type will greatly contribute to prevent skipping breakfast.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.439-442
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• 1996

In this study, we tried to figure out the ecology of Masakimyia pustulae Yukawa et Sunose which attacts evergreen euonymus and results in scenic damage caused by early falling of leaves and may increase the susceptibility for anthrocnose. In addition, we tried to develope a method for the control of the insect to prevent spreading of the damage by use of insecticide. The results obtained from the study were as follows : 1. Masakimyia pustulae emerged from late April to late May at Chuncheon area. Average length of the adult insects was $1.88{\pm}0.43mm$, and the life span of them reached about 11 hours. The sex ratio of the insect was 56 : 44(female : male), and they ovipositied $90{\pm}28$ eggs. The shape of eggs was oval with average length $0.32{\pm}0.013mm$. The length of larvae averaged $1.64{\pm}0.25mm$ and started pupation from mid-March, which took about 40~50 days, although there was variance due to temperature variation in each spring. 2. The 3% powder of carbofuran treatment by burying $200g/m^3$ of the insecticide around the damaged tree during mid-March with additional burying about a week after pupation showed good result for the control of the insect, which resulted in more than 96.2% removal of the insects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.680-694
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between communication skills and self-esteem of the elderly living in public institutions, this study divided the communication skill of the aged into 5 subsidiary factors such as self-understanding, attentive listening, clear expression of intention, expression of personal feeling, and self-disclosure so as to grasp the relation between each variables and self-esteem and to search suggestions. For the methodology, senior citizens aged above 65 living in public institutions in Gangwon province (1 in Chuncheon, 1 in Wonjoo and 1 in Gangneung) were surveyed totaling 123 documents were analyzed for this study. The following are the results: First, the difference in communication skills, in the demographic and sociological characteristics are found to show significant difference in hobbies, religion, allowance and the most reliable person. Second, self-esteem, in the demographic and sociological characteristics, showed significant difference according to religion, whether the person pays his/her living expenses, hobbies and health conditions. Third, communication skills tend to influence self-esteem that an elderly with more self-esteem is shown to have higher communication skills. In order to elders living in public institutions, the following actions are suggested. They should be recommended with religion life, hobbies life and providing sufficient allowance, pay his/her own life expenses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.48-62
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• 2018

In this study, landslide of debris flow occurred at 51 sites around Daeryounsan located in between Chuncheon-si and Hongcheon-gun during July in 2013 were investigated in field and behavior characteristics of debris flow were analyzed on the basis of records of rainfall and site investigation. According to debris flow types of channelized and hill slope, location and slope angle of initiation and deposit zone, and width and depth of erosion were investigated along entire runout of debris flow. DEM(Digital Elevation Model) of Daeryounsan was constructed with digital map of 1:5,000 scale. Land slide hazard was estimated using SINMAP(Stability INdex MAPping) and the predicted results were compared with field sites where debris flow occurred. As analyzed results, for hill slope type of debris flow, predicted sites were quite comparable to actual sites. On the other hand, for channelized type of debris flow, debris flow occurrence sites were predicted by using stability index associated with topographic wetness index. As analyzed results of 4 different conditions with the parameter T/R, Hydraulic transmissivity/Effective recharge rate, proposed by NRCS (Natual Resources Conservation Service), predicted results showed more or less different actual sites and the degree of hazard tended to increase with decrease of T/R value.