• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2008

With tablets and powder, decoction has been a widely-used method of medicine formula. However, for these formulas have unique bitter tastes and flavors of herbal component materials as it is, the compliance of herbal medicine is severly decreased especially for female and younger patients. Consequently, expected treatment effects can't be acquired completely. If loathsome tastes and flavors of decoction were effectively reduced while pharmacological activity were kept intact, the compliance could be promoted Chong-Myung-Tang has been widely prescribed for student patients with memory This study shows that Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate have no difference from Chong-Myung-Tang in terms of pharmacological activity. Sensory difference with net chocolate was also surved. In order to observe the difference of Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate and Chong-Myung-Tang, memory impairment was induced by intraventricular injection of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ peptides on mice and Chong-Myung-Tang and Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate were administered orally for 14 days. In water maze task, improvement of learning ability during acquisition period and significant increase of memory score during retention period resulted from the treatment of Chong-Myung-Tang and Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate with respect to the $A{\beta}-injected$ control animals. Furthermore, the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ toxicity on the hippocampus was assessed with immunohistochemistry (Bax, TUNEL), and differences in antioxidant activity was observed through TBARS and DPPH test. We employed sensory tests using chocolate flavor, herb flavor, and bitter taste & hardness as standards to show sensory differences with net chocolate. In this study, it is demonstrated that Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate do not disturb the pharmacological activity of Chong-Myung-Tang, and have no sensory difference with net chocolate. Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate can be used to enhance the compliance remarkably and thought of as an effective, functional formula to maximize expected treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 1999

We investigated whether an aqueous extract of Chong-Myung-Tang inhibits secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ from primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. Chong-Myung-Tang dosedependently inhibited the $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by astrocytes stimulated with substance P (SP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore investigated whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from astrocytes by Chong-Myung-Tang. Treatment of Chong-Myung-Tang to astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 secretion. Moreover, incubation of astrocytes with IL-1 antibody abolished the synergistic cooperative effect of LPS and SP. These results suggest that Chong-Myung-Tang may inhibits $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by inhibiting IL-1 secretion and that Chong-Myung-Tang has a antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-105
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• 2006

Objective : This research aims to investigates the effects of CMT and HCMT on Dementia. and we also want to know the different effect of CMT, HCMT by drug types. Methods : The research is progressed by two types of experiment. one experiment is BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS in vitro and another experiment is memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine in vivo. Results : The CMT and HCMT is effective in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS in vitro and in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine in vivo. But, there is no significant difference between CMT and HCMT extract&nano powder in experimental conclusion. Conclusions : These results suggest that the two drug types of CMT and HCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Dementia. Investigation into the further study two drug types of the CMT and HCMT for Dementia is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.394-403
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and MCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and MCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed overexpression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the THP-1 cell treated by LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and MCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and SCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and SCMT extract suppressed overexpression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in the THP-1 cell treated dy LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell Iysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

Objective : This research investigates the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. Methods : The effects of the CMT and SCMT on (1) amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT-105; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT-105; (3) the behavior; (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA; (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease mice induced with CT105 & ${\beta}A$ were investigated Rresults : 1. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105 2. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105. 3. For the CMT and SCMT group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency 4. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. 5. The CMT and SCMT reduced the infarction area of hippocampus with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the CMT and SCMT for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 2007

Chong Myung Tang is consisted of three medicinal herbs (Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix and Hoelen cum Radix). It has been used as a medicine for the purpose of learning and memory improvement. In this paper, Chong Myung Tang was screened the biological activities for Alzheimer's disease. The extract (70% ethanol) of Acari Graminei Rhizoma (1 mg/ml) showed that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) peptide aggregation inhibitory potency are 43.1% and 76.5%, respectively. The extract of Polygalae Radix showed inhibitory activity against $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ peptide aggregation (51.5%). To predict the drug-likeness, oral absorption ability; blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetraion rate, mutagenecity and carcinogenicity; in silico screening was performed against 16 compounds in the three medicinal herbs. According to the results, all compounds have appropriate chemical structures as medicines. The six compounds in Acori Graminei Rhizoma and the five compounds in Hoelen cum Radix showed excellent oral absorption rate and BBB penetration rate. The four compounds in Polygalae Radix showed excellent oral absorption rate, but their BBB penetration was presented low rate. And, the extract of Hoelen cum Radix didn't show AChE and $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ peptide aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Therefore, their activity in brain may be other mechanism. According to all of the results, in silico prediction technology is convenient and effective to determine biological active compounds in medicinal herbs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1200-1210
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA and production of IL-lP, IL-6, TNF-a, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) ; serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and MCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA, production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$l mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and MCMT hotwater extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.997-1008
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and PCMT hot water extract on expression of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA and production of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) , serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and PCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-11, COX-2 mRNA, production of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 2006

Objective : This research investigates the effect of the CMT and MCMT on Alzheimer‘s disease. Methods : The effects of the CMT and MCMT extract on (1) amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT-105; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT-105; (3) the behavior; (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, GFAP, CD68 abd CD11b; (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. Results : 1. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed the expression of APP, AChE, and mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105. 2. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105. 3. For the CMT and MCMT extract group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency. 4. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, GFAP, CD68 abd CD11bCD68/GFAP, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. 5. The CMT and MCMT extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ 6. The MCMT showed more excellent effects than CMT in the every experiments except PC-12 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CMT and MCMT extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the CMT and MCMT extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.