• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2013

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of Potentilla chinensis (PC) on Raw264.7 macrophage cells. Ethanol extract of PC decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Ethanol extract was fractioned by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water and each fraction was tested for inhibitory effects on inflammation. Among the sequential solvent fractions, PC chloroform extracts (50, 100, 300, and 500 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated production of NO. During the entire experimental period, 200 and 300 ${\mu}g/mL$ of PC chloroform extracts had no cytotoxicity. LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production were inhibited by PC chloroform extracts up to 50% and 90% of these productions, respectively. PC chloroform extracts reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 gene. These results suggest that PC chloroform extracts exhibit strong effects of anti-inflammation and can be a potential candidate in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.950-957
• /
• 2012

Development of garlic processing products by thermal treatment and researched biological activity of a new product, red garlic. Red garlic MeOH extract was graduated by solvents, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, in order. Each solvent fraction was dried by a rotary evaporator and then resolved in water for analysis of its antioxidant and antiobesity activity. Browning compounds of red garlic fractions were the highest in the chloroform fraction. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content were highest in the hexane fraction. The chloroform fraction showed significantly higher activity in DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and antioxidant activity by FRAP. We propose that the antioxidant activity of the solvent fractions from red garlic was revealed interaction of browning compounds, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Due to the higher activity of the shown fraction, the hexane and the chloroform fractions were have high contents of these compounds. Below $500{\mu}g/ml$, pancreatic lipase inhibition activity was significantly increased by sample concentration. And chloroform fraction, have the highest inhibition activity was shown over the 40%. In 3T3-L1 cells, the lipid accumulation inhibition activity was lower in the hexane and in the chloroform fraction than in the other fractions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1987

Adsorption characteristics of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and crystal violet were investigated in single-and bi-solute systems. Single-solute adsorption for each solute was well described by Freundlich equation. Severe inhibition was recorded in bi-solute adsorption systems despite of low solute concentration of less than 1 mg/l. Inhibition of chloroform adsorption by carbon tetrachloride, similar compound in chemical structure, was much higher than by crystal violet of which chemical structure is quite different. Highest inhibition was observed at crystal violet adsorption by chloroform. While, inhibition caused by each other was almost equal between chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Bi-solute adsorption was well described by Friz-Schl${\ddot{u}}$nder model and by much simpler 3 parameter Freundlich equation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2003

Cornis fructus have various biological effects and major chemical components have been tannins, saponins, ursolic acids, gallic acids, linoleic acids, morronisides, cornins and loganins. The main aim of the present study is measurment the effect of chloroform extract from Cornis fructus on proliferation inhibition and Cell death. Cells were cultured in the presence of chloroform extracts from Cornis fructus for 48 h. after 48h treatment of B16/F10 melanoma cells with chloroform extracts, the cells were observed a dose-dependent inhibitions of cell viability with cell death in their proliferation. the cells were estimated cell viability, cell number, total DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in a dose-dependent manner. It also caused cell death as measured by cell morphology, DNA fragmentation and nucleus chromatin condensation. therefore, these results suggest that chloroform extracts from C. fructus is inhibitory proliferation and is related to cell death in this cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2000

The chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya has been screened for the hormonal properties using ovariectomized female rats for estrogenicity, estrogen primed immature rats for progestogenicity and castrated adult male rats for androgenicity. The results revealed that the extract lacks progestogenicity and androgenicity as evident from the failure of the extract treated animals to mimic progestogen and androgen related changes in the target tissues. The increased weight of vagina and uterus, open status of vagina, cornified and epithelial cells in the vaginal smears and hypertrophy in the uterine epithelium, endometrium and stroma with increased glycogen and sialic acid content in the uterus of the chloroform extract treated animals, which are comparable to those of the ovariectomized estrogen treated animals, suggest that the chloroform extract possesses mild estrogenic activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2014

A bent-shape triazolyl derivative was synthesized via click chemistry, and its photophysical property was investigated in various solvents. In contrast to the invisible ultraviolet emission of other solutions, the chloroform solution exhibited a blue light emission at 460 nm. Furthermore, the blue fluorescence intensified as the UV exposure time at 365 nm increased. On the basis of $^1H$-NMR, pH paper, and acid-addition studies, we confirmed that chloroform was decomposed into HCl with the aid of the triazolyl derivative. The density functional theory calculations suggested that the eye-detectable blue fluorescence was attributed to an intramolecular charge transfer process of the protonated triazolyl derivative in the chloroform solution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.798-801
• /
• 1999

To investigate the effect of Artemisia apiacea Hance on the hair growth of black mouse (C57BL/6), this study was carried out. We obtained chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction from ethanol extract. When these fractions were administered to the black mouse by the method of skin paste, chloroform extract increased remarkably the hair growth of black mouse. thus Chloroform fraction was devided into 5 fractions from 20:1 to 1:1 with chloroform : methanol. the detail fractions of chloroform fraction were administered to the black mouse. We obtained the result that fraction I, II, III, IV are superior to minoxidil of positive control. Most of all fraction II have an dramatical effect on hair growth of black mouse.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1343-1346
• /
• 2004

Cornis fructus were extracted by successive extractions and then fractionated with chloroform extract to get active fractions. This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of chloroform extract from Corn is fructus on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and cancer cell lines using MTT assay. All extracts did not exhibit cytotoxicity in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Chloroform extract exhibited antitumor activity in A549, MDA-MB-123, B16 melanoma and SNU-C4 cells. Futher fractionation with chloroform extract was performed to obtain effective fractions. 3 fraction showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against A549, MDA-MB-123, B16 melanoma and SNU-C4 cells. These results suggest that 3 fraction of the chloroform extract from Cornis fructus possessed bioactive material of antitumorous agents.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 2006

Cajanus indicus is a herb with medicinal properties and is traditionally used to treat various forms of liver disorders. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 43 kD protein isolated from the leaves of this herb against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity. Male albino mice were intraperitoneally treated with 2mg/kg body weight of the protein for 5 days followed by oral application of chloroform (0.75ml/kg body weight) for 2 days. Different biochemical parameters related to physiology and pathophysiology of liver, such as, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in the murine sera under various experimental conditions. Direct antioxidant role of the protein was also determined from its reaction with Diphenyl picryl hydraxyl radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. To find out the mode of action of this protein against chloroform induced liver damage, levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase were measured from liver homogenates. Peroxidation of membrane lipids both in vivo and in vitro were also measured as malonaldialdehyde. Finally, histopathological analyses were done from liver sections of control, toxin treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with the toxin) mice. Levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, which showed an elevation in chloroform induced hepatic damage, were brought down near to the normal levels with the protein pretreatment. On the contrary, the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase that had gone down in mice orally fed with chloroform were significantly elevated in protein pretreated ones. Besides, chloroform induced lipid peroxidation was effectively reduced by protein treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In cell free system the protein effectively quenched diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical and superoxide radical, though it could not catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Post treatment with the protein for 3 days after 2 days of chloroform administration showed similar results. Histopathological studies indicated that chloroform induced extensive tissue damage was less severe in the mice livers treated with the 43 kD protein prior and post to the toxin administration. Results from all these data suggest that the protein possesses both preventive and curative role against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity and probably acts by an anti-oxidative defense mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.483-488
• /
• 2014

To examine the physiological effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leaf, the bioavailable compounds in broccoli leaf extract, and its in vitro neuroprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were examined in this study. The chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content of all the fraction than others, and the highest 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation resulting in $H_2O_2$-treated in PC12 cells was significantly lower when the chloroform fraction was present in the medium compared to that in PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ alone. In a cell viability assay performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the chloroform fraction showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf.