• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 2010

In recent decades, as the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine in the United State have been growing rapidly, regulatory controls surrounding complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) aims to ensure patient protection against unproven practices and to provide safe and effective treatments. Regulation and policy method on licensing CAM practitioners varies across the states. Over 85% of the states have the licensing system for acupuncturists, chiropractors, and naturopaths. For acupuncture, although the requirements for formal education are various across the states, a unified written examination has been adopted by almost entire states which have acupuncturist licensing law. Medicare, the public medical insurance, does not cover CAM practices except chiropractic and biofeedback. In some states, however, Medicaid programs cover some CAM therapies including acupuncture, naturopathy, and massage therapy. 67% of Health Maintenance Organizations, the private health plans, provide at least one modality of CAM services. In conclusion, government policies have been strengthened to ensure patient protection, and will continue to integrate CAM practices that are proven to be safe and effective into mainstream health care system.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

Nothobranchius guentheri and Nothobranchius patrizii have special life cycle to sustain the dry season. So, we investigated the fertilized eggs morphology, and compared ultrastructures of surface structures and the cross section of fertilized egg envelopes using light and electron microscopes to determine whether these fertilized eggs and egg envelopes show the species specificity or have special structure to sustain the dry season. These fertilized eggs were spherical, yellowish, demersal and adhesive, and had a one-sided large oil droplet. The whip-like structures, adhesive filament were distributed throughout egg envelope in both species. But, that of N. guentheri was covered with fibrous structures, and that of N. patrizii was smooth. The egg envelope consisted of two distinct layers: an outer, electron-dense layer containing adhesive filaments and an inner layer of 16 to 17 horizontal electron-dense lamellae alternating with 15 to 16 interlamellae of lower electron density in both species. The external shapes of fertilized egg and section of fertilized egg envelope were same, but ultrastructure of adhesive filaments on the outer surface was concluded to show species specificity. Our data indicate that the ultrastructural differences of adhesive filament and outer surface of fertilized egg envelope show species specificity although these species belong to same genus.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research the trend related to pharmacopuncture for insomnia in China for further development of pharmacopuncture in Korea. Methods: This study reviewed and analyzed 21 Chinese journals related to pharmacopuncture 2013~2019 sourced with the following keywords in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). 'Shimian', 'Wuewei zhushe', 'Shuizhen', 'Xuewei yaowu zhushe', 'Yaowu xuewei zhushe', 'Xuewei zhuyao', 'Xuezhu', and 'Xueweiyaowu zhuru'. Results: The following results were obtained in this study. 1. A total of 21 papers were selected, comprised of clinical research and case reports. 2. Pharmacopuncture was often used for insomnia, and as the medicine of injection, Salvia, Gastrodin, Acanthopanax, Hominis Placenta, Qingkailing, Shenmai, Bozhi Glycopeptide, Fufang Danggui, Vitamin B12, and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride were used. 3. In combined treatments, acupuncture, chiropractic, auricular sticking, and herbal medicine were used. 4. It was more effective compared to conservational acupuncture therapy. Conclusions: It was established that they have efficiency to treat insomnia with pharmacopuncture in China, but there were limitations in this study, so we need more research to identify new medicines for neuropsychiatric diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2019

This study analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case studies investigating Chuna manual therapy and variations of this term, for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. On June $15^{th}$, 2019, 6 online databases were used to retrieve studies. A total of 527 articles were retrieved, and 14 RCTs and 20 case studies were selected for review. Typically, the frequency of Chuna therapy was 1-2 times/week. The most common period of treatment was 12 months in RCTs and 3-6 months in case studies. Cobb's angle was the most frequent evaluation index used (11 RCTs and 20 case studies). In control groups, brace treatment was used in 8 RCTs. In 6 RCTs and 20 case studies, Cobb's angle significantly decreased after Chuna therapy, and in 4 RCTs, Chuna therapy was as effective as brace treatment, with no significant difference between groups. Adverse events were not reported except for minor reactions in only 3 case studies. This review suggested that Chuna therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was more advantageous than and as effective as brace treatment in most cases, although the risk of bias in 13 RCTs was unclear.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.433-438
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• 2021

In this study, microstructural characteristics and constituent elements of fiberglass splint and cast are examined using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. As observed by the scanning electron microscope, fiberglass splint and cast had a porous structure with many bundles of fiberglass textures well assembled. Spaces between bundles of the fiberglass splint are triangular or elliptical shaped and the long-axis diameter is measured at about 1 mm. The thickness of fiber bundles covered with plaster is measured at 600 ㎛ and the diameter of a single strand of fiberglass is up to 10 ㎛. The thickness of the fiberglass bundle of the fiberglass splint is measured at about 700 ㎛. Spaces between bundles are formed in the shape of triangles with gentle edges and long-axis diameter of up to 1.4 mm, which is larger than that of the splint. The thickness of a single strand of fiberglass of the plaster-coated cast is 11.5 ㎛, which is thicker than that of fiberglass of the splint. As a result of analyzing constituent elements of the fiberglass cast and the splint with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Ca, Si, and Al components are identically detected. This result shows that the fiberglass cast has a smoother surface with hardened plaster than the fiberglass splint. The thickness of the fiberglass bundle and the thickness of a single strand of the fiberglass are also larger than those of the fiberglass splint.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2023

Facial nerve palsy refers to sudden, unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis. This study aimed to determine the importance of neck treatment in the treatment of facial paralysis. A literature search was performed on six online databases and other sources until January 15, 2023. A total of 426 papers were retrieved. After excluding duplicated and inconsistent papers, papers not including cervical treatment, and experimental papers on animals, two papers were finally selected. The type of treatment method, therapeutic effects, assessment of the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials, and non-randomized controlled trials and side effects were evaluated. Chiropractic, manual therapy, facial meridian massage, and acupotomy were applied to the face and cervical spine region. The results showed that each treatment had a significant therapeutic effect through evaluation index measurement methods, such as the visual analog scale and Yanagihara's unweighted regional grading system. This study demonstrated the importance of the cervical spine area in the treatment of facial paralysis. However, this study has many limitations. Thus, high-quality randomized controlled comparative studies on the treatment of the cervical spine area only or studies that include cervical spine area treatment as an interventional treatment while performing oriental or comprehensive treatment are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-195
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• 2002

This study was performed to assess the efficacy of Activator for the patient with chronic neck pain. Mail, 26 years old, is treated with Activator, which was applied for 15 minutes every two days during the 4 weeks. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The treated case compared with the previous case showed that R.O.M particularly increased in flexion and extension. 2. The atlas/skull angle compared with the previous case showed that the angle increased from $0.8^{\circ}$ to $1.5^{\circ}$. In the atlas/skull, normal angle is $5.6^{\circ}$. 3. The angle of cervical curve lordosis compared with the previous case showed that the angle increased from $38.3^{\circ}$ to $48.1^{\circ}$. In the healthy spine, the angle is $42.0^{\circ}$. 4. The anterior curvature compared with the previous case showed that curve radii decreased from 7,220mm to 200mm. In the spine, normal curvature is 165mm. 5. Rush Jackson's angle compared with the previous case showed that the angle increased from $14.8^{\circ}$ to $29.1^{\circ}$. In the healthy spine, normal angle is $39.9^{\circ}$. We can not find significant level for Activator, but it is considered that activator method of chiropractic technique is effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of taping and AMCT(activator methods chiropractic technique) on the pain and grip strength in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Methods : To study divided of three groups. Taping groups were apply to taping was attached from wrist joint to elbow joint lateral epicondly after maximun flexion. AMCT application was contact the posterior aspect of the proximal head of the radius. The line of drive is anterior and inferior. Next, contact the anterior aspect of the lunate by positioning the instrument on the volar aspect of the wrist. The line of drive is straight posterior. combination groups was treated using the taping and AMCT application. Result : 1. The pain was decreased on taping groups, AMCT groups and combination groups of all(p<.05). 2. Power grip was enhanced in taping groups, AMCT and combination groups(p<.05). but taping, AMCT, combination groups was no difference compared with after 1 week therapy(p>.05). 3. Compared with AMCT and taping therapy about pain decreased was AMCT groups better than taping groups(p<.05). 4. Compared with AMCT and taping therapy about power grip was AMCT groups better than taping groups(p<.05). 5. AMCT and combination groups was no difference compared with pain release and power grip after therapy(p>.05). Conclusion : AMCT groups therapy are more effect able than taping therapy for grip strength and pain reduction. Hence, AMCT groups therapy is most effect able for pain reduction with lateral epicondylitis patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2002

With the progress of civilization, the disorders due to the stress, which derived from the social-structural complexity and diversity, are on an increasing trend in our times. Accordingly, the accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for them are required. Especially in the current years, children's disorders delivered by the emotional problems keep increasing. In this research, the researcher tried to figure out the cause of the children's stress and its treatment, studied the theories of the stress in the modem medicine and the sever emotions in oriental medicine, and came to the conclusion as follows: 1. The stress can be defined as the combination of the reaction to noxious stimuli and its defense mechanism of the body, In oriental medicine, it is considered as pathological notions which includes seven emotions as the internal factor, six evils as the external factor and other foods, expectoration, ecchymoma as the non-internal/external factors. 2. Children usually get stressed by various reasons in a growth process such as schooling, relationship with friends, the opposite sex of family, or change of surroundings, and these can cause the various disorders. 3. In the study of the children's stress symptoms, it is found that the silent reaction is uncommon. It usually appeared in both reactions: firs, physical reactions such as stomachache, vomiting, headache, neural frequent urination, bronchial asthma or excessive respiration and/or, second, behavioral reactions such as a decline of performance, alimentary disorder, e.g. anorexia nervosa or bulimia, sleep disorder, e.g. nightmare or panic in sleep, anthrophobia, refusal to a school attendance or hyperactiveness. Besides, the peculiar mental disorder such as paroxysm of anger, tic, autism, nocturnal enuresis, lack of attentiveness, impediment in linguistic development, learning difficulty, intellectual decline, etc. can be appeared, and the heavy stress during the babyhood can cause the regression of behavior or the immaturity of formation of character. 4. The appropriate treatments for the children's stress are Osteopathy, Manpulation, Aroma Therapy, Alexander Technique, Autonomic Never Control Treatment, Biofeedback, Chiropractic, Dance Therapy, Feldenkrasis Technique, Gravity Therapy, Homepathy, Aquatherapy, Hypnotherapy, Naturopathy and Meditation.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2007

Objectives : To research the trend of the study related to Chuna(推拿) and to establish the direction of further studies into the Chuna(推拿). Methods : We reviewed and analyzed all theses published by Korean research institution. And these theses were classified by research institutions, published year, field of study, subject, research methods, thesis types, illness and symptoms. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Classified by the major field of study, oriental medicine accounted for 59 papers, followed by 18 in physical education and 2 in the science of nursing and medicine. 2. Upon classifying theses according to research method and thesis types, research related to clinical trial accounted for nearly half of all theses. It was followed by consideration of documents. 3. After 1998 deals with the effects of the Chuna on variable illnesses such as: ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, chronic coccyalgia, entrapment neuropathy, low birth weight infant, Bell's palsy, stress incontinence, paramenia, Parkinson disease, Bertolloti syndrom, TMJ (because of scoliosis) etc. 4. Two most widely cured illnesses using the Chuna therapy are scoliosis and HNP of L-spine. However, when considering the fact that several clinical tests and casuistics did not include research into Lumbago (including HNP of L-spine), it can be concluded that most of the Chuna therapies have been concentrated on Lumbago. Conclusion : As it can be seen in the above results, the possibility of curing illness through Chuna and the usefulness of Chuna have been shown factually and clinically through various consideration of documents, clinical trial & casuistics. Based upon such facts, it is regarded that further scientific research along with additional clinical approaches involving the Chuna should be performed.