• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate selection attributes of Korea and China restaurants in China. By a convenience sampling method, total 479(245 China restaurants and 234 Korea restaurants) useable data were selected. Multiple statistical methods(factor analysis, reliability analysis, T-test, multiple regression) were used to analyze the data. The results are as follows: First, restaurant satisfaction is affected by selection restaurant attribute factors. Second, restaurant satisfaction bas a significant impact on customer loyalty. Third, Korea and China restaurants have differences in customer satisfaction. Fourth, Korea and China restaurants have differences in customer loyalty.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2012

In these days, restaurants are not simply used as a physical space but used as a cultural space in which people can enjoy and experience different cultures and traditional images. Moreover, from the restaurants design elements which help to form the atmosphere of the restaurants which serve food of specific country, we can see the history and traditions of that country. The additional value of the traditional decorative components which are the main factors forming the atmosphere of the restaurant will be different according to the various expressions used in the restaurant space. For this article, 12 restaurants, Norangjugory korean restaurant, Yongsusan korean restaurant, Best well-bing food restaurant, Awoolim, Mugunhwa, Ondal in Korea, and Songhelou, South Beauty, Xuxian restaurant & lounge, Beijing dadong roast duck restaurant, The horizon chinese restaurant, Dynasty jade garden in China, were selected for the field study. This study focused on a comparative analysis of the traditional decorative elements, especially, the application rate of the traditional decorative elements. The analyzed elements are nature, religious beliefs, history and culture for the intangible elements and facade, courtyard, trademark, ground, wall, ceiling, door, window, furniture and adornment for the tangible elements. After that, we analyzed the rates of the use of traditional decorative elements and modern decorative elements. Through the survey result and ratio analysis, we concluded as below. In Korean restaurant, traditionality is expressed in furnitures while, in Chinese restaurant, traditionality is expressed in decorative pattern. When it comes to the intangible elements among the traditional decorative components of the Korean and Chinese restaurants, Chinese and Korean restaurants have similarities in emphasizing the natural elements. Korean restaurants focus much on the environmentally friendly parts, while Chinese restaurants focus much on the fantastic natural atmospheres like those shown and expressed in the poems. As for religion characteristics, Chinese restaurants emphasize "geomancy" more than Korean restaurant. When it comes to the visible elements among the traditional decorative components of the Korean and Chinese restaurants, in Korean restaurants, the interior part has more traditionality than exterior part, while in Chinese restaurants, the exterior part has more traditionality than the interior part.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2013

In this study, we selected 12 typical traditional restaurants in Korea and China and analyzed their application of traditional design approach. Through this analysis, we tried to explore similarities and differences of Korean restaurants and Chinese restaurants in order to determine the preferable way to express their own traditional design. We categorized traditional design approach as cultural elements, designing method, coloring and materials. The results are as follows: First, following a tradition and interpreting a tradition are considered as compelling design methods to express traditional culture. However, when combining a traditional and a modern design approach, it is important to either strongly emphasize traditional design elements or use small number of traditional design elements as focal points in modern design restaurants. Second, when designing a traditional restaurant using modern design elements with traditional focal points, it is more desirable to follow and/or to interpret a traditional elements, rather than experimenting an excessively unconventional design. Moreover, the design elements of exterior of a restaurant shows the identity of the restaurant. Therefore, using traditional elements in the exterior helps recognizing the traditional characteristics and culture. On the other hands, for the interior of the restaurant, it is better to use modern design method and materials for the practical reasons, such as construction cost reduction and ease of construction. We also discovered that it is more effective to use traditional elements to the pattern and color. The results of this study will set a foundation for further research of developing a design guideline for traditional restaurants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.943-959
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to survey the perception and preferences of customers that have dined at Korean restaurants in China and investigate the importance and performance level of quality attributes, customer satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention. The survey was conducted January 31~March 1, 2016 in China. The 293 questionnaires (97.7%) were analyzed using SPSS(Ver. 23.0) and AMOS(Ver. 21.0). Results of this study are as follow: Customers that dined at a Korean restaurant in China were composed of 157 women and 136 men. Regarding the reason for preferring Korean cuisine, taste, hygiene and nutritional value of Korean food were the most significant quality factors. Regarding complaints about Korean food, Chinese people placed much emphasis on freshness of ingredients when dining out, based on the majority of complaints about ingredients that were not fresh. The main reason for leftover food were personal eating habits and that of customers revisiting food taste and nutrition. Path model among customer satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention revealed the factor of menus and attributes of menu items regarding customer's age that had an impact on customers' satisfaction, and association with customers' satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2003

Nowadays' culture' is an important topic of conversation and rigorous researches have been done about the cultures of our neighboring countries such as China and Japan. It is expected that studies concerning applications of each traditional culture in modern design will be made rigorously in the near future. In this context this study chose five-star hotel restaurants located in Korea and investigated how the Korean, Chinese and Japanese cultures are incorporated into their modern interior design. The data were classified by space and design elements. The results show that colorful Korean identity(or Koreanity) was applied in Korean restaurants rather than the simplicity and naturalness of traditional space. As for Chinese restaurants, a large scale of space which Chinese traditional space reveals was not adopted because of their location too, but brilliant patterns and colors were used consistently. The typical Japanese style of simple lines, colors and materials were reflected in Japanese restaurants.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.24-37
• /
• 2010

In recent years, a number of Korean-themed restaurants have opened in China. It is necessary to know present situation in China and attract Chinese people so that restaurant managers can carry out marketing communication strategies to make the restaurants result in a stronger position in China. The primary objective of this research is to explore the important selection attributes when choosing a Korean-themed restaurant to dine out and to identify which attributes are critical in influencing customers' overall satisfaction. The target sample was Chinese who had visited a Korean-themed restaurant in Shenyang, China. The results of this study stated that the importance of the selection attributes varied with consumer's age, marital status, education, occupation, and the average monthly family income. Meanwhile, the satisfaction of the selection attributes varied by consumer's age, marital status, occupation, and the average monthly family income. Regression analyses demonstrated that both 'value and service' and 'food' importance factors had direct and positive impacts on the level of customers' overall satisfaction. Furthermore, 'food and price' and 'atmosphere and service' satisfaction factors have positive impacts on customers' overall satisfaction with the restaurant. Marketing implications for restaurateurs along with suggestions for future research were provided in this research.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.808-816
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the American, Chinese, and Japanese consumers' usage behavior of marketing communication towards overseas Korean restaurants. The survey included both on and off-line method and self-administered questionnaires were written in three languages- English, Chinese and Japanese. The sample was collected from 5 hub cities for globalization of Korean food- LA, New York, Tokyo, Beijing, and Shanghai. The most important factor of searching for Korean restaurants-related information was 'the interaction' and the least one was 'the diversity'. The most commonly informed Korean restaurants-related content through the on and off-line media was 'the general information, such as location, telephone number, and operation hour'. Korean restaurants-related content that the respondents' most interested in was 'the information of menu and price'. Results of this study can expectedly be used from a practical point of view by providing empirical data of foreign consumers for effective marketing communication strategies of overseas Korean restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.126-136
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese customers' perceptions of Korean foods and their satisfaction toward Korean cuisine restaurants. The subjects of this study were 202 Chinese individuals who visited Korean cuisine restaurants in Shanghai, China. The subjects viewed Korean foods as favorite foods and perceived them as fresh and seasonal, and mostly composed of cereals and vegetables however they did not view Korean cuisine as good for health. As compared to customers visiting a Korean restaurant for the first time, those who had visited Korean restaurants previously agreed more strongly with the following items: 'Korean food has a beautiful color', 'Korean food is familiar', 'Korean food smells good', 'Korean food is healthy', 'Korean food is nutritious', and 'Korean food is salty and spicy'. In addition, as compared to occasional visitors, frequent visitors of Korean cuisine restaurants more strongly agreed with the followings: 'Korean food has a beautiful color', 'Korean food is expensive', 'Korean food is healthy', 'Korean food is nutritious', 'Korean food is salty and spicy', and 'Korean food includes many fermented foods'. The subjects considered 'appearance of menu', 'variety of menu', 'nutrition of menu', and 'Chinese characters for menu and ingredients' as the most important attributes when choosing Korean cuisine restaurants. The frequent customers of Korean cuisine restaurants considered 'kind service', 'employee knowledge of Korean foods', 'operation hours of restaurant', and 'cleanliness of restaurant' as the most important restaurant attributes. In addition, the frequent customers of Korean cuisine restaurants were more satisfied than the occasional customers with the followings: 'nutritional quality of menu', 'quick service', 'cleanliness of restaurant', 'appearance and signboard of restaurant', and 'image of restaurant'. The implications of the data are discussed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2015

The purposes of this study were to examine the characteristics of elements composing the cultural identity of Chinese architectural and spatial design, and to analyze the expression characteristics and influencing factors of contemporary restaurant design. With these purposes, first, this study reviewed related literature in order to find the characteristics of tangible elements observed in intangible elements and space expression characteristics forming the cultural identity of China. Second, this study conducted a case study in order to understand the expression characteristics of the design of Chinese restaurants in Shanghai and to find factors influencing the design. In order to sample the subjects of the case study, the researcher selected 18 restaurants that were recommended repeatedly in books on Chinese restaurants and tourism and major Internet sites or highly evaluated by visitors, and then choose 15 of them that were found to be fit for the purpose of the survey. According to the result of the survey, the restaurants were largely grouped by type into 10 cases of fine dining, 3 of middle-class casual dining, 1 of fast food, and 1 of luxury tea house serving traditional tea and snacks. Of these restaurants, 46.7% (7 cases) were of CM-CM-CM type, namely, using contemporary simple elements in all of external spaces, indoor spaces, and decorations, 20% (3 cases) were of CM-CM-CT type, using contemporary and simple external and indoor spaces, and traditional furniture or articles, 20% (3 cases) were of CT-CM-CT type, using traditional external spaces such as traditional buildings, contemporary simple finishing of indoor spaces, and traditional articles such as palace lanterns and traditional doors and windows, and 13.3% (2 cases) were of CT-CT-CT type, using traditional elements in their original forms in general. Through this research and survey, cultural identity showing Chinese traditions observed in the expression characteristics of restaurant spatial designs was confirmed, and it was also found that the identity was underlain by ideologies, values, lifestyles, etc. that had long accumulated through the long history of the country and exerted a great influence.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2010

It is expected that the International Expo which will be held at July 10-13, 2010, in Shanghai, China, will stimulate the growth of hotel industry in the city. The aim of the present study is to examine in advance the preference of a large number of tourists, from domestic areas as well as foreign countries, to come to Shanghai over the restaurants of 5 star-level hotels and to provide the hotel interior design related industry with the resulting data, before the upcoming Expo takes place. To this end, we selected 22 Chinese restaurants of medium-sized 5 star hotels in Shanghai to survey opinions of the customers on their interior design. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a total of 30 native Chinese people and 30 foreigners, and their responses were analyzed using the SPSS program. As a result, we were able to evaluate the similar and different preference of the natives versus foreigners on the elements of the restaurant interior design. In 2010, the number of public and business people to visit hotel restaurants in Shanghai will increase, in consequence of the International Expo. Taking this into account, our result suggests that a design style combining 'naturality', 'modernity', and 'elegancy' to each other in harmony be considered for the interior design of the 5 star-level hotels in the city. On one hand, a restaurant could be designed primarily considering the taste which is specific to either native Chinese people or foreigners, based on their different fondness demonstrated in our study. On the other hand, a priority on the design could be given to their similar preference targeting both sides.