• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal beliefs concerning communication strategies toward children in a variety of situations and to examine related factors. The subjects were 145 mothers of 4-5 year old children. A Communication Strategy Questionnaire composed of 12 vignettes was designed to assess parental beliefs about parent-child interactions. The data were analyzed by F-test and t-test. Findings indicated that mothers preferred rational authoritative communication strategies in conflict situations. Also, mothers communication indicated level of child-centered orientation and goals for child's cognitive development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.29-41
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• 2009

In the last thirty years, societal changes have affected Korean families at a fast pace. Some of these changes include the fall of childbirth rate, expansion of women in the workforce, delay of first marriages, and rise of divorces, remarriages, and international marriages. These new trends have created and diversified new contexts for family structures and parent-child relationships. Both parents and children are now confronted with a myriad of new challenges and in need of understanding the newly transformed-family environments in respond to new ecological pressures. Contemporary issues concerning parent-child relationships are discussed by analyzing the new trends and research issues on particular social issues and pressures. Future policy issues are discussed based on these analyses combined with the critical impact of the parent-child relationships on child development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2005

The socio-emotional behaviors of 2-year-olds were examined by multiple attachments to mothers and child care providers in the context of home and child care centers. Participants were 100 children (mean age: 30.2 months), their mothers, and 27 child care providers. Attachment security was assessed with attachment Q-set. Children's social interaction with peers and teachers were rated every 10 seconds during 10 minute observation periods for 4 days, totaling40 minutes per child. Mothers and child care providers completed the Infant Toddler Socio-Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Results showed that secure attachment relationships with child care providers partly compensated for insecure attachments with mothers at home. In the context of the child care center, secure attachments with child care providers were more important determinants of the development of socio-emotional behaviors than secure attachments with mothers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.185-203
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• 2017

Objective: The present study examined the perspectives of grandparents raising their grandchildren in an attempt to better understand grandparents' child-rearing experience while providing kinship foster care to their primary-grade grandchildren. Methods: Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with eight grandparents who have raised one or two primary-grade (ages 8-10) grandchildren using a qualitative approach. Results: First, the participants viewed the reason for their kinship foster care as a failure for caring for their own children and accepted the present grandparent-care provision as their responsibility. Second, the participants communicated constant struggles with their own health and grandchild-care as well as positive/negative emotions associated with the care provision. Third, most of the participants did not fully understand the developmental needs of their primary-grade grandchildren. Fourth, the participants articulated concerns for their primary-grade grandchildren's learning, peer interactions, school adjustment, and extra-curricular activities. Lastly, the participants all agreed on hoping to raise grandchildren with good personality traits as members of a society and to have them fill the gap from the loss of their parents. Conclusion: Although most participants accepted the current circumstances as their obligation, they still noted difficulties in child-care provision. Given the developmental needs of grandchildren and the resource needs of grandparents, proper and continuous intervention approaches should be developed/provided.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.21-33
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• 2007

In present study, using longitudinal data of 161 families from Durham Child and Development Study, we examine the characteristics of infant child care chosen by families of different income levels and ethnicity in the U.S. Time-related changes in child care selection for the first year of the child's life were also investigated. Infants from high-income families were more likely to be cared for by someone other than the mother, compared to infant from lower-income families. African-American families were more likely to use non-maternal care for their infant compared to European-American families. Although the effects of income on type of care were not significant, descriptively, more low-income families used relative care while high-income families used more formal arrangements such as daycare center. Infants from low-income families began care earlier and low-income families paid less for care than other families. The findings call for attention to the importance of child care policy for low-income families as well as further research examining the function of cultural differences in selection of infant child care.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

This is an underlying study for expanding child growth and developmental screening program, which had been implemented as a part of maternal child health service in a certain public health center located in P City. This study attempted to develop system model to discover, consult and follow-up developmental disabilities in children in early stage. For the purpose of providing groundwork for further development of screening program, the system model was analyzed and evaluated. One of the focuses of this study was developing practical tool that can aid small number staffs of public health center to handle large number of patients. 9 types of developmental checklist by key month was developed to support understaffed public health center. These checklists were also supplied to other public health centers, greatly improving qualitative and quantitative development of screening project. Also, the 4-step program of operating and managing child growth and developmental screening was proved to be quite effective. Total 632 children were evaluated and 21 of them were suspected to have developmental problem. Among these children, 8 children were determined to receive regular supervision of public health center. Other 13 children were recommended to visit professional institution, but only 7 of them actually visited institution. Four of these children who visited professional institution are currently receiving treatment, while the other 3 children were determined to require close observation. Five times of screening education were provided to the staffs in public health center and personnel in charge of children in every district public center in P City. The purpose of this training was to improve individuals' capability to implement project and to establish basis for expanding child growth and developmental screening program. The participants were guided to have continuous attention for the project, and their knowledge, skill and recognition were greatly improved through educational training. Also, professional child consulting and education, including lecture for baby food and baby food menu exhibition, were given to parents. Through this opportunity, parents acquired higher understanding about baby food while the local residents' recognition for maternal child health service was greatly improved.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop a web-based program on child health care, and to identify the effect of the program on knowledge of, attitudes towards child health care, and health care practice in staff of daycare centers. Methods: The program was developed through the processes of needs analysis, contents construction, design, development, and evaluation. After the program was developed, it was revised through feedback from 30 experts. To identify the effect of developed program, onegroup pretest-posttest design study was conducted with 64 staff members from 12 daycare centers in Korea. Results: The program was developed based on users' needs and consisted of five parts: health promotion, disease and symptoms management, oral health, injury and safety, sheets and forms. This study showed that the total score of staff who used the program was significantly higher in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and their health care practice compared with pretest score (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that this Web-based program can contribute to the child health promotion as well as can provide the staff with the insightful child health information. Therefore, it is expected that this program will be applied to staff of other child care settings for children's health.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 2015

The "Child Care and Education Policy(CCEP)" is important because it is responsible for providing 'care and education service' to young children in their 'most sensitive period' of human development. In reality, however, children's rights can only be sanctioned by adults and their rights are recognized at the level of abstraction. This study analyzes the 'Child Edu-care Act(CEA)' first enacted in 1991 from the 'perspective of children's rights', especially in terms of the rights of infants and preschoolers. In order to assess the CEA's "children's rights guarantee level", this study developed a number of standards based on the "UN Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC)" and other documents. The results revealed that "children's rights guarantee level" was assessed against 4 categories ('Right to Survival and Development', 'Right to Welfare', 'Right to Education', and 'Right to Proper Care'), and the CEA(1991) was found to have a high guarantee level although it was enacted before Korea's ratification of the CRC. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference point for detailing children's rights and suggesting regulation standards for the CCEP.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.451-460
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the associations between parental depression and early childhood development among children aged 36 months to 59 months in Indonesia. Methods: From Indonesia's Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2018, this study included 6433 children aged 36 months to 59 months and their parents. Maternal and paternal depression was examined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview survey instrument, which was previously translated into Indonesian. The study also used the Early Child Development Index to measure child development and its 4 domains (cognitive, physical, socio-emotional, and learning). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between parental depression and early childhood development. Results: Overall, 10.3% of children aged 36 months to 59 months were off-track for development. After adjusting for biological, parental, and social characteristics, children born to parents with depression were found to be 4.72 times more likely to be off-track for development (95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 12.15). Conclusions: Children of depressed parents were more likely to be off-track for development. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis and timely intervention for parental depression to promote early childhood development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of attachment and shared time between mother and child and self-esteem on subjective well-being in late childhood. Methods: A total of 329 fifth and sixth graders in elementary school (183 boys and 146 girls) participated in the study. They responded to questionnaires regarding attachment and shared time between mother and child and the self-esteem and subjective well-being of children. The data were analyzed using SEM. Results: Attachment and shared time between mother and child had an indirect effect through self-esteem as well as a direct effect on the subjective well-being of children. Children who formed secure attachments and spent more time with their mothers showed a higher level of subjective well-being. In addition, when children kept a good relationship with their mother quantitatively as well as qualitatively, they acknowledged their own capability and value positively, which led to higher subjective well-being. Conclusion: Findings emphasize that mother-child relationships play significant roles in predicting both the subjective well-being and self-esteem of children. The importance of self-esteem was identified in late childhood based on its relative influence on subjective well-being compared to mother-child relationships.