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http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.158

Associations Between Parental Depression and Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study  

Saptarini, Ika (Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD))
Rizkianti, Anissa (Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD))
Arfines, Prisca Petty (Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD))
Suparmi, Suparmi (Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD))
Maisya, Iram Barida (Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD))
Publication Information
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health / v.54, no.6, 2021 , pp. 451-460 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the associations between parental depression and early childhood development among children aged 36 months to 59 months in Indonesia. Methods: From Indonesia's Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2018, this study included 6433 children aged 36 months to 59 months and their parents. Maternal and paternal depression was examined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview survey instrument, which was previously translated into Indonesian. The study also used the Early Child Development Index to measure child development and its 4 domains (cognitive, physical, socio-emotional, and learning). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between parental depression and early childhood development. Results: Overall, 10.3% of children aged 36 months to 59 months were off-track for development. After adjusting for biological, parental, and social characteristics, children born to parents with depression were found to be 4.72 times more likely to be off-track for development (95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 12.15). Conclusions: Children of depressed parents were more likely to be off-track for development. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis and timely intervention for parental depression to promote early childhood development.
Keywords
Parental depression; Child development; Early Child Development Index; Indonesia;
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