• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 1998

To find out ant fauna in the Mt. Chiak, collection tours were taken in three courses for two years. As a result, The ant fauna of Mt. Chiak were confirmed to be 45 species belonging to 23 genera under 4 subfamilies. Among them, ten species were new to Gangweon-province and Myrmica sp. 6 was new to Korea. Ants fauna of Gangweon-province at together became 74 species under 28 genera. In Ponerinae, ants fauna have become 5 species under 4 genera, in Myrmicinae, 20 species under 13 genera, in Dolichoderinae 1 species under 1 genera and in Formicinae 19 species under 5 genera.

• Korean Architects
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• s.520
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-85
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• 1988

The user's composition in Chiak Mountain National Park showed that male, twenties(20-29 ages) and high school or more graduated students were 64.7％, 72.5％ and 95％ respectively by sex, age and education. In visiting purpose, the natural parks characteristics shelved to be a important merit of Chiak Mountain, but the picnic patterns as of neighbourhood park and the recreation patterns as of recreation ground were appeared to be important simultaneously. In preferable place of visitors, the water in valley, natural landscape and climbing were prefered. In the district of Temple Kuryong valley, the peak season of visiting was Fall, and the peak hours during a day was 10 hours A.M and 5 hours P.M. Therfora the management plan in consideration of hiking pattern of nature park, picnic pattern as of neighbourhood park and recreation pattern as of recreation ground shall be necessary to solve the conflicts among functions in Chiak Mountain National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.86-104
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• 1988

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1367-1374
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• 2016

The present study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of three cultivars of Actinidia arguta Planch. kiwi berries; cv. Mansoo (Mansoo), cv. Chiak (Chiak), and cv. Haeyeon (Haeyeon). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of the three cultivars of kiwi berries were investigated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Mansoo had the highest total phenolic content and TAC among the three cultivars, whereas Chiak had the highest total flavonoid content. The total antioxidant capacities of the kiwi berry extracts were more strongly correlated with total phenolic content than with total flavonoid content. The kiwi berry extracts suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The release of nitrite, an indirect indicator of nitric oxide, was also ameliorated by pre-treatment with the kiwi berry extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular-based measurements of antioxidant capacity exhibited that the kiwi berry extracts had cellular antioxidant capacities. Such cellular antioxidant effects are possibly attributed to their direct antioxidant capacity or to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation via anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings suggest that kiwi berries are potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 1987

This study was executed to measure the user\`s impact natural environment in National Park Campsite. Therefore, we choose Mt. Chiak National Park and the campsite in the district of Temple Ku-Ryong as a model of analysis, which is made by ecological approach, the number of the user has influence on the environment near the campsite. The result are as follows : 1. The more the number of users becomes, the more Na, Ca, Mg ion concentration and pH in the soil increase and the less K ion becomes. 2. Litter and humus depth, litter coverage, herb coverage, soil hardness, the surface of the ground layer and tree species numbers, density and coverage of lower layer shows a sensitive reaction to the number of the users. 3. The research shows that the tolerant trees against campsite impact are Lespedeza maximowiczii, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Staphylea bumalda, Smilax sieboldii, Quercus aliena, Euonymus oxyphyllus, Weigela subsessilis and Securinega suffruticosa, and the sensitive trees are Stephanandra incisa, Rubus trichocarpa, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Styrax obassia, Acer palmatum, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron suhlippenbachii, Rhus japonica and Callicarpa japonica. 4. The high density of the users made the simplication of a vegetation structure. So, as the number of the user increase the species showed severe heterogeniety between the heavy-use and nonuse site. 5. As considering the landscape management about campsite and surrounding area on the way of analysis of national landscape aspect and succession sere according to ecological aspect, it may be desirable that Pinus densiflora forest be conserved as Pinus densiflora landscape and mixed forest produce natural scenery with succession sere.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.589-593
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• 1998

Extracts from 65 species of mushrooms in mount Chiak were screened for their fibrinolytic activities. Extracts from Armillariella mellea, Calocybe sp., Lepista nuda and Trichaptum abietinum showed to have almost twice of activity of plasmin 1.5 U/ml, 193%, 213%, 198%, and 193% respectively. Collybia maculata showed 98% of activity, and Coprinus comatus and Lepiota sp. 56% and 58% activities, respectively. Other two, Agrocybe sp. and Stropharia rugosoannulata were less than 10% of activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1942-1947
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• 2014

Nutritional compositions of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) cultivars, such as Otumsense, Chiak, and Skinny green, were investigated as high value-added food substances. Among minerals, K content of three cultivars was the highest, and P, Ca, and Na contents were relatively higher than those of other minerals. Contents of essential amino acids were analyzed as follows: Otumsense (198.48 mg/100 g), Chiak (413.50 mg/100 g), and Skinny green (270.07 mg/100 g). Total amino acids of Chiak were the highest among the three cultivars, and major amino acids of the three cultivars were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Analysis of fatty acids showed that major fatty acids were palmitic acid as a saturated fatted acid and ${\alpha}$-linoleic acid as an unsaturated fatty acid in the three cultivars. Glucose and fructose were major free sugar constituents in the three cultivars. Total free sugar content of Otumsense was relatively higher than others. Finally, niacin and vitamin $B_6$ of Skinny green (1.55 mg/100 g, 1.92 mg/100 g) were the highest among the cultivars. However, ${\beta}$-carotene as a vitamin A precursor ($3.82{\mu}g/100g$) and vitamin C as a natural antioxidant substance (47.18 mg/100 g) of Otumsense cultivar were the highest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Chiak Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 5 districts which were 3 main trail (valley) by line transect method from May to October 1988. The observed birds were 44 species and 613 individuals. these consist of 22 species for residents, 13 species for summer visitor, 5 species for winter visitor and 4 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.96 ea/ha, and main dominant species were Panus minar, Paradoxomis webbiana fulvicanda, Panus palustris hellmayri and Parus ater amurensis in order. The observed frequency of wild-birds was 6.77 times/km in average. No. of species, species diversities and observed frequency were lower in main trail of high user's density than sub trail and closed trail, especially in summer. But similarity indices were affected by inhabitation environments than user's density. Therefore, from now, in Chiak Mountain National Park management, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and the control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods for wild birds protection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.912-919
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• 2020

Hardy kiwifruits (Actinidia arguta Planch.) have high amounts of antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenolics. The anti-cholinesterase activity and neuroprotective effects of three different cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Mansu (A. arguta × A. deliciosa), cv. Haeyeon (A. arguta), and cv. Chiak (A. arguta), on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. Extraction of phenolics and vitamin C was carried out using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and metaphosphoric acid assisted with homogenization, respectively. Hardy kiwifruit of cv. Mansu showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity compared to the other two cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Haeyeon and cv. Chiak. Analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed the presence of procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and astragalin in hardy kiwifruits. The three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had a wide range of vitamin C content of 55.2-130.0 mg/100 g fresh weight. All three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had protective effects on neuronal PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by increasing cell viability and reducing intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hardy kiwifruits inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Collectively, these results suggest that hardy kiwifruits rich in antioxidants like phenolics and vitamin C have good potential as functional materials in neuroprotective applications.