• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 2015

Nowadays, sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture has become an important issue all around the world, and repeated applications of mineral and/or organic fertilizer will probably affect mineral nutrient dynamics in soil in the long term but only a limited number of observations are available. This study was carried out to investigate whether there is any influence of different fertilizer management for red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation on soil physicochemical properties, leaf mineral content, yield and fruit quality in the aspect of long-term practice in open field condition. NPK, NPK+compost, compost only, and unfertilized control plot were included in the treatments. The application of chemical fertilizer and/or compost repeated annually for 17 years from 1994 to 2011. Soil organic matter content was higher in compost treatments than in no-manure treatments. Available phosphate and the yield of red pepper were highest in NPK+compost treatment followed by NPK (chemical fertilizer), compost, and control. The results indicate that in the long term, nitrogen supply is still needed for increasing red pepper yield, but reduction in the use of chemical fertilizer could be also possible with the proper application of compost.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

Recently, manure emissions associated with the numerical increment of the domestic hog-breeding have increased, but it has been banned from ocean dumping by the United Nations Convention in 2012. To find out the site for spraying in large quantity of liquid manure fertilizer, we selected one grass plantation, which has the largest amount of grass production, in Jangsung, South Korea. We spread not only chemical fertilizer but also liquid manure fertilizer on the zoysiagrass plantation and researched the effect on the grass growth and development, soil chemical property, and seepage water of dike. As the test results, spread by compounding chemical fertilizer and liquid manure fertilizer and it is possible to substitute for some chemical fertilizer in terms of nutrients accumulation and the grass growth and development. Additionally, it gives less effects to soil chemical property and is efficacious to effective microorganism growth of soil. Therefore, adding liquid manure fertilizer will lead to reduce almost all the amount of chemical fertilizer usage. It is also expected to help for livestock manure management and to influence reducing the production cost of the grass plantation. However, to spread liquid manure fertilizer contaminates water system. For this reason, monitoring continuously, we need to find out improvement plans of the fertilization method in order to increase the usage of liquid manure fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1130-1136
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pig slurry on growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima), soil chemistry properties and infiltration water quality in volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil of Jeju. Fertilization of liquid pig manure was based on nitrogen. In volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil, there was no difference in the height and diameter of stems in chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. Also yields of potatoes were no significantly difference in chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. pH in all soil was increased by application of liquid pig manure compared to the chemical fertilizer plot. Contents of exchangeable K in all soil were accumulated excessively by fertilization of pig manure 100% compared to the chemical fertilizer 100%. But there was no difference between the chemical fertilizer 50%+liquid pig manure 50% and chemical fertilizer 100%. No difference between the chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure was observed in available phosphate, exchangeable Ca and Mg. $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water sample collected at 70cm of soil depth was lower non-fertilizer than chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. In volcanic ash soil, the $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water was decreased from early, except liquid manure 100%. In non volcanic ash soil, the $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water increased until October 8, but then was reduced. In all soils, $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water was higher in the liquid manure 100% than those in the chemical fertilizer 100% and chemical fertilizer 50%+liquid pig manure 50%, but there were no differences. In conclusion, the growth of potato, fertilization of soil and $NO_3$-N content of infiltration water were not different between chemical 50%+liquid pig manure 50% and chemical 100% plot. So, liquid pig manure could be substituted for some amount of chemical fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.340-350
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.432-440
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate growth and fruiting characteristics (e.g., nut qualities) of chestnut (Castanea cerenata) after applying various fertilizer treatments at the cultivation site in Suncheon. Fertilizer treatments were designed as follow: liquid fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and control. Both liquid and chemical fertilizer treatments provided the best growth in height and basal diameter. In addition, these two treatments were very effective for crown width of the trees between both east-west and north-south orientation. The liquid fertilizer treatment was effective on total length of the fruiting branch and length of the bearing to terminate part. Both liquid and chemical fertilizer treatments produced the longest length of basal to bearing part compared to the other two treatments. The liquid fertilizer treatment showed the most thickened basal diameter of the fruiting branch and the greatest diameter of above and below the bearing burr part. Elongation Index of the fruiting branch (EI) was the highest with liquid fertilizer treatment and the remaining four indices (Production Index of fruiting branch, PI; Ratio of Diameter between below and above bearing burr part, RD; Growth Index of fruiting branch diameter, GI; Thickness Index of fruiting branch or dormant branch, TI) were the highest with the chemical fertilizer treatment. Total number of produced branch per fruiting mother branch and number of small and weak branches per fruiting mother branch were highest on the control and liquid fertilizer treatment; however, all treatments produced similar numbers. The chemical and organic fertilizer treatments produced a high number of fruiting branches per fruiting mother branch, while organic and liquid fertilizer treatments produced a high number of burr per fruiting branch. The rate of commercializing on the basis of nut weight and quantity was higher on control (87.5%) than chemical fertilizer treatment (84.6%); however, the rate was even lower on liquid fertilizer treatment (84.3%) and organic fertilizer treatment (82.7%). The liquid fertilizer treatment showed the highest average of nut weight, while chemical fertilizer treatment showed the highest average number of fruiting burr. There was no significant difference in average number of normal nuts per burr among treatments. The yield per tree was high on chemical (8.2 kg) and liquid (8.0 kg) fertilizer treatments, but there was no significant difference among treatments. In the rate of nut grade on the basis of nut weight and quantity, the liquid fertilizer treatment, 43.5% and 34.3% more than large nut respectively, produced higher value chestnuts compared to other treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on the forage yield and quality of oat at no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The three treatments were: chemical fertilizer, manure fertilizer, and chemical and manure mixture. Seedling vigor was higher at chemical fertilizer than manure, but more greener at manure application than chemical fertilizer. Dry matter (DM) content of oat at manure was higher than chemical and mixture fertilizer (p<0.05). There was no difference in DM yield, TDN (total digestible nutrients) yield, and CP (crude protein) yield of oat at no-tillage system, but the fresh yield was significantly higher in chemical fertilizer compared to manure. The CP content for oat was significantly higher in manure than chemical fertilizer. However, no significant effects were observed for NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), TDN and RFV (relative feed value) in different fertilizer application. Based on the results of this study, manure don't affected forage production and quality of no-till oat except CP content because forage oat is used off-season crop.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

The use of agricultural by-products as alternative nutrient sources in crop production had gained popularity in order to reducing the rate of chemical fertilizer application in the field. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of rice milling by-products treated with yeast inoculants could substitute, or reduce the rate of chemical fertilizer application. The results of agronomic measurements showed that the effect of incorporated materials was not immediate, as compared to 100% chemical fertilizer application. However, grain yield and quality was either the same or greater than 100% chemical fertilizer application. It was found out that expanded rice hull (treated with yeast or not) could reduce the rate of applying chemical fertilizers by half. Also, yeast treatment was only favorable only to expanded rice hull and not with rice bran, and was already found to be a potential material in reducing chemical fertilizer application in rice production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to determine the growth characteristics, dry matter and TDN yield of corn for silage (Zea mays L.), soil nitrate in infiltration water by chemical fertilizer and different manure application(C; chemical fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, T1; Lime +chemical fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, T2; swine manure + swine manure, T3; Lime + swine manure + swine manure, T4; swine manure +chemical fertilizer). The results obtained are summarizes as follows; The mean growth characteristics of T3 treatment(soil treatment: lime + base fertilizer: liquid manure + additional fertilizer: chemical fertilizer) was higher than those of other treatments. The highest yield of dry matter and TDN was obtained in T3 treatment with 18,611 and 13,746 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05), and the lowest in T1 treatment with 13,529 and 9,541 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05). The contents of NDF and ADF were not significant different among treatments. However, NDF and ADF content among treatments were the highest with T1 treatment and the lowest with T3 treatment. $NO_3$ level of soil was hardly influenced by the different manure application treatment, and not affected during the experiment time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

Organic amendment practices can influence diversity and activities of soil microorganisms. There is a need to investigate this impact compared with other types of materials. This study was carried out to evaluate the long term effects of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil microbial community in upland field. During the last 11 years green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK, and NPK + pig mature compost were treated in upland soil. Organic fertilizer treatment found with high bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) as compared to chemical and without fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference in the actinomycetes and fungal population. The average well color development (AWCD) value was the highest in green manure and, the lowest in without fertilizer treatment. Analyses based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern while rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK + pig mature compost and without fertilizer treatment were clustered in another cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure treatment. Bacterial diversity can be highly increased by the application of organic fertilizer while chemical fertilizer had less impact. It can be concluded that green manure had a beneficial impact on soil microbial flora, while, the use of chemical fertilizer could affect the soil bacterial communities adversely.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.492-498
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• 2015

The long-term changes in the soil properties are closely related to the policy direction and the national program for the soil management. In this study, chemical properties of paddy soils in Jeonnam province were investigated at four-year interval since 1999 and the factors affecting change of chemical properties were analyzed in relation to the soil management policies. Chemical fertilizers supplied to Jeonnam province reduced by 57% in 2013 as compared with 1999, and the ratio of Jeonnam province to the national fertilizer supply gradually decreased to 14.1% in 2013 from 17.6% in 1999 due to national policies to reduce use of chemical fertilizers in the 2000s. In the chemical analysis of paddy soils in Jeonnam province, pH value tended to increase gradually within the optimal range. Available phosphate and exchangeable potassium content were always higher than the optimal range and showed no significant difference since 1999. Organic matter, exchangeable calcium and available silicate content were found to be lower than average content in the whole country as well optimal range for rice cultivation in 1999, but were higher than average content in the whole country and optimal range in 2011 because of faster rate of increase in Jeonnam province than the other region since the mid-2000s. The cause of increase in organic matter, exchangeable calcium and available silicate contents is considered to be the increased use of green manure crops and by-products fertilizer as an alternatives for conventional application of chemical fertilizers and soil amendment such as silicate fertilizer for agronomic control of the disease and insect pest in rice cultivation of environmentally-friendly agriculture.