• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The results of Change of Space Organization of Nagan Eupsung are as follows. There was no castle when Nagan folk village was built and it was merely small village arranged centering around road, but as it was emphasized as a point of strategic importance, castle wall was built and the government office and military facilities were established. In the late period of the Joseon Dynasty, as central power was weakened and its importance as a strategic point was declined, private houses outside the folk village were extended to the inside of castle. The whole structure of the village was not greatly changed through the modern society, but disappearance of village components and change of its basic structure like destruction of the castle were continued not to be restored to the former condition spontaneously. It was considered that it was caused by social demographic characteristics of the folk village which was deteriorated and environmental factors that it was changed into sightseeing place.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2002

Default Bayesian method for detecting the changes in sequences of independent exponential random variates and independent Poisson random variates is considered. Noninformative priors are assumed for all the parameters in both of change models. Default Bayes factors, AIBF, MIBF, FBF, to check whether there is any change or not on each sequence and the posterior probability densities of change at each time point are derived. Theoretical results discussed in this paper are applied to some numerical data.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.799-815
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• 2016

In this study, according to the reference setting based on the runoff video of 9:00 where the highest water level of 3.94 m has been recorded during the runoff of Cheon-mi Stream in Jeju Island by the attack of Typhoon no. 16 Sanba on September $17^{th}$, 2012, the error rate of long-distance and short-distance velocimetry and real-distance change rate by input error have been calculated and the input range value of reference point by stream has been suggested. In the reference setting process, if a long-distance reference point input error occurs, the real-distance change rate of 0.35 m in the x-axis direction and 1.35 m in y-axis direction is incurred by the subtle input error of 2~11 pixels, and if a short-distance reference point input error occurs, the real-distance change rate of 0.02 m in the x-axis direction and 0.81 m in y-axis direction is incurred by the subtle input error of 1~11 pixels. According to the long-distance reference point setting variable, the velocity error rate showed the range of fluctuation of at least 14.36% to at most 76.06%, and when calculating flux, it showed a great range of fluctuation of at least 20.48% to at most 78.81%.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.769-779
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• 1995

The understanding the nature of occlusal tooth contacts of natural dentition is important for correct diagnosis and treatment of diseases developed in stomatognatic system. Several investigator have studied the distribution of tooth contacts in maximum intercuspation and have repored contact locations with respect to the tooth position. However, there are few report the variation of the occlusal contact point with change in each head position. This study analysed the number of occlusal contact point with change in each head position. 30 subject(male 17, female 13), who ahad natural occlusion and no symptoms of temporomandibular disorder, were selected. The numbers and patterns of tooth contact were recorded by silicone bite registration on stone model at four different head positions with head anguration gauge(from the supine to the upright position). The results obtained were as follows : 1. The numbers of total occlusal contact point on teeth increased to average 25, 29, 35, 42 points as head angulation was changed from the supine to the upright position against the ala-tragus line, and there was significant difference(P<0.05). 2. In the 19 subject(65%)of total 30 subject, the perforated point of the silicone bite indicated that the locus for the prime contact point moved mesially as the head angulation was changed from the supine to the upright position. 3. On the basis of the fact that the anterior occlusal contact point increase as head angulation changed from the supine to the upright position, we could find that the mandibular position is moved anteriorly.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.768-779
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the effect of root canal shaping techniques on the change of the shape of prepared root canal. 40 mesiobuccal canals of recently extracted mandibular 1st and 2nd molars were divided into 4 groups and shaped by step-down/balanced force technique, step-down/step-back technique, step-back technique and conventional technique respectively. The change of the shape of root canal was traced by superimposing the radiographs obtained before and after shaping of each root canal. The results were as follows. 1. By the experimented techniques except conventional technique, the root canals were more shaped in convex side of apical area and in concave side of most curved and coronal area than in the other sides(P<0.05). By conventional technique, the root canals were more shaped in convex side than in convave side from apex to orifice(P<0.05). 2. By step-down/balanced force technique, the cancave sides at C and D points of proximal view and C point of clinical view were more shaped than the convex side(P<0.05). Through the entire canal, the concave side was more shaped than the convex side in proximal view(P<0.01). But there was no statistical difference between both sides in clinical view. 3. By step-down/step-back technique, the change of root canal shape was not statistically different in concave and convex sides at each point of both views(P>0.05). And through the entire canal in proximal view, there was no statistical difference in shaping percentage between both sides. But through the entire canal in clinical view, the concave side was more shaped than the convex side(P<0.1). 4. By step-back technique, the convex side at B point of clinical more shaped than the other sides(P<0.05). Through the entire canal in proximal and clinical views, there was no statistical difference in shaping percentage between both sides. 5. Comparing the total shaping percentage among techniques, that in conventional technique was the greatest numerically, and followed by the percentages in step-down/step-back, step-down/balanced force and step-back technique. But, in proximal view, shaping percentages were not statistically different among techniques(P>0.05, ANOVA test). In clinical view, shaping percentages in step-back and conventional techniques were statistically different(P<0.01, ANOVA test). * Proximal view: radiograph taken in mesiodistal direction. * Clincal view: radiograph taken in faciolingual direction. A point : 1mm point from radiographic apex B point : center point between A and C points C point : most curved point of root canal D point : center point between C point and canal oriffice.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1996

In this study, the pattern was copied by the method of Tight Fitting Techinque, which resulted from the changed body by the upper limb motion-front-vertical motion(or vertical motion in front), side-vertical motion, and horizontal motion. And, this study analyzed the change of the pattern and the observed items dimension changed to the pattern. The results are as follows: 1. In the observation of the degree of the pattern change according to the motion of upper limb, the result provides that the motion change in the range of $135^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$ is the largest in front-vertical motion, $45^{circ}~90^{\circ}$ in side-vertical motion, and $0^{circ}~45^{\circ}$ in horizontal motion respectively. 2. The probability test result of the items of the motion is more related with the horizontal width item rather than the vertical length item in the front and back pattern where the back pattern has more effect than the front pattern. And the upper limb-surrounding items are more related than any otheer item. 3. The change of the pattern according to the motion shows the decrese of the neck width and the shoulder legth, the rising of the point of shoulder (or shoulder point) and armpit point, the decrease of the pattern width and the increase of the pattern length. As the angle of the motion grows vertically motion. The change of the shoulder length in the horizontal motion is smaller than that vertical. But as the angle of the motion grows horizontally, it has a tendency of decreas in th width of the front patten and the length of the pattern, whereas the width of the back pattern is noticeably increases.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

건설공사는 주로 옥외에서 이루어지기 때문에 토공사, 철근콘크리트 공사 등은 강우에 의한 작업불능일 수가 다수 발생한다. 특히, 지구 온난화에 의한 강우량 변화는 공기산정을 더욱 어렵게 하고 있다. 따라서 공정계획 수립 시 해당지역의 강우량 변화를 파악하고 작업불능일 수를 산정해야 한다. 이 연구에서는 인천지역의 1960년부터 2016년까지의 기상'관측'자료와, 2018년부터 2074년까지의 기상'예측'자료인 RCP 4.5를 활용하여 강우 변화시점을 파악하였고, 그 시점 전 후로 연 강우, 계절별 강우로 인한 작업불능일 수의 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 1972년, 1988년, 2013년, 2038년, 2050년, 2069년에 강우량이 뚜렷하게 변화한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 2013년, 2038년, 2069년 기준으로 강우로 인한 작업불능일 수의 변화 폭이 큰 것으로 파악 되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권7호
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• pp.1349-1356
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• 2004

데이터 마이닝을 요구하는 전자상거래, 전자정부와 관련된 문서 처리 시스템 등에서 XML 문서의 버전 관리에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대량의 XML 문서를 장기적으로 유지하면서 XML 문서의 이력 정보를 효율적으로 관리하기 위하여, XML 버전을 생성하는 변경 집합을 정의하고 변경 집합을 이용한 XML 문서의 저장 방법을 제안한다. 변경 집합은 변경 연산집합과 시간지원 차원을 포함하고 있으며, 변경 연산 집합은 스키마 변경 연산과 데이터 변경 연산으로 구성된다. 변경 집합을 이용한 세가지 XML 문서의 저장 방법을 제안한다. 세가지 저장 방법은, (1) 변경 집합을 모두 저장하는 방법, (2)변경 집합과 버전을 주기적으로 저장 방법, 그리고 (3) 저장 적합 시점에 변경 집합 모음과 버전을 저장하는 방법이 있다. 또한, 기존의 저장 방법과 제안한 저장 방법들 사이에 성능을 비교한다. 성능 평가를 통하여 저장 적합 시점에 변경 집합모음과 버전을 저장하는 방법의 성능이 다른 저장 방법보다 우수함을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

대부분의 불연속 회귀함수의 커널추정량은 알고 있거나 추정된 불연속점을 기준으로 자료를 분리하여 각각을 독립적으로 회귀함수를 적합하고 있다. 회귀모형에서 분산함수가 불연속점을 가지고 있을 때에도 잔차제곱들을 이용하여 위와 같은 불연속 회귀함수의 커널추정법을 활용하고 있다. Kang 등 (2000)은 $M{\ddot{u}}ller$ (1992)의 불연속점과 점프크기 커널추정량을 이용하여 반응변수의 표본을 연속인 회귀함수로부터 표본인 것처럼 수정하여 불연속 회귀함수를 추정하였다. 본 연구에서는 불연속 분산함수를 추정하기 위하여 Kang 등 (2000)의 방법을 이용한다. Kang과 Huh (2006)의 분산함수의 불연속점과 점프크기 추정량으로 잔차제곱들을 수정하고, 수정된 잔차제곱들을 이용하여 불연속 분산함수 커널추정량을 제안할 것이다. 제안된 추정량의 적분제곱오차의 수렴속도를 보여주고 모의실험을 통하여 기존의 추정량과 제안된 추정량을 비교하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

Objectives and Methods : The present study was to investigate the change of acupuncture point location of gallbladder meridian in head by way of reviewing classical literatures. Result and Conclusions : 1. The locations of acupuncture points closed-by anatomical marks such as GB1, GB2, GB3, GB11, GB12, GB19, GB20 are clear and accurate. 2. The expression of acupuncture points' locations of GB4, GB5, GB6, GB8 and GB10 are obscure in classical literature, but their locations became clear and objective in recent literatures. 3. The locations of GB9 and GB13 are open to dispute but WHO standard acupuncture point seems to be resonable. 4. In classical literature, the length from the midpoint of the anterior hairline to the midpoint of the posterior hairline is 12 B-cun, and the length from the midpoint of the anterior hairline to the GB19 is 5 cun, 5.5 cun or 6.5 cun. We presume that the length from GB15 to GB19 might have been measured by F-cun.