• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.937-944
• /
• 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been growing to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. The increasing number of EVs requires adequate recharging infrastructure, and at the same time, adopts low- or zero-emission electricity production because the GHG emissions are highly dependent on primary sources of electricity production. Although previous research has studied solar photovoltaic (PV) -integrated EV charging stations, it is challenging to optimize spatial areas between where the charging stations are required and where the renewable energy sources (i.e., solar photovoltaic (PV)) are accessible. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to support decisions of siting EV charging stations using a spatial data clustering method integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). This research explores spatial relationships of PV power outputs (i.e., supply) and traffic flow (i.e., demand) and tests a community in the state of Indiana, USA for optimal sitting of EV charging stations. Under the assumption that EV charging stations should be placed where the potential electricity production and traffic flow are high to match supply and demand, this research identified three areas for installing EV charging stations powered by rooftop PV in the study area. The proposed strategies will drive the transition of existing energy infrastructure into decentralized power systems. This research will ultimately contribute to enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability by enabling significant reductions in electricity distribution loss and GHG emissions driven by transportation energy.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2023

Occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry are statutory and separately included in the cost statement to prevent occupational accidents and health problems. The expenses are determined by multiplying the standard amount by the rate decided according to construction types and scales. However, the current expense appropriation method does not properly reflect the recent changes in the construction industry such as industry size, industry diversification, and social atmosphere about safety reinforcement. This study surveyed 1579 questionnaires in total and analyzed expense execution rate and proportion of each expense category. The expense execution rate was relative higher in complex construction (e.g., heavy construction = 126%, civil engineering = 125%) and long-period project (equal to or over 48 months construction = 133%) compared to general construction (98~116%) and short-period project (less than 48 months construction = 115%). The proportion of spending expenses was higher in the category of safety manager labor costs (25~52%), safety facility costs (22~40%), and personal protective equipment costs (10~25%). The analysis results of the study can be utilized in revising the standard expense appropriation method by reflecting the current usages of the occupational safety and health management expenses in the construction industry.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.819-836
• /
• 2004

Nowdays, the awareness of implant treatment has grown rapidly among dentists and patients alike in Korea, as it becomes a widely accepted treatment. The reason is that unlike crown and bridge or denture treatment, implant treatment helps preserve existing bone and improve masticatory functions. So, It is needed understanding about the type, distribution of implant patient. The following results on patient type and implant distribution were compiled from 4433 implant cases of 1596 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Y University Hospital during 1992 to 2004. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 40, 50s accounting for 52.5% of patients and 57.5% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 54.9% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(27.6%), Mx anterior area(11.9%) and Mn anterior area(5.6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 97.5% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 2.5%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. Also, older people are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease rather than dental caries. 5. In the distribution of bone quality for maxillae, type III was most, followed by type II, r type IV and r type I. As for mandible, type II was most, followed by type III, type IV and for type I. 6. In the distribution of bone quantity for maxillae, type C was most, followed by type B, type D, type A, and for type E. As for mandible, type B was 52% most, followed by type C, type D, type A and type E. 7. The majority of implants were those of 1O-14mm in length (85.2%) and regular diameter in width (64%). The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, etc. We wish that our results coupled with other research data helps assist in the further study for better implant success/survival rates, etc.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2017

BIM is effective to improve the labor productivity of construction participants. From this point of view, it is important to analyze the outcome related with BIM Labor which covers most of the BIM investment costs. This research focuses on BIM RFI which is one of the major task of the BIM labor and analyze the outcomes. In addition, this research was quantitatively analyzed by the standby time and related cost caused by BIM labor, which affect the results of the project participants. To this end, analytical standby queue model was utilized to analyze the labor focusing on micros TASK. 11 projects were selected to analyze the results of BIM labor and RFI that the project participants requested to the BIM labor was collected. Through this, it collected variables for analyzing results, and Finally, we pulled out 4 projects for analysis. In this study, the basic results analysis of RFI processing of the BIM labor, the probabilistic analysis of BIM labor service status, and the economic analysis of BIM labor optimal inputs were performed by using the research model presented. The results of this study can be utilized to formulate the optimal strategy for BIM labor inputs(e.g. number of employees, level, time point, etc.) of the construction phase. Moreover, it can contribute to ensuring the credibility of the BIM ROI results by presenting the cost of BIM services in BIM ROI analysis and the standby cost of project participants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2011

We studied the relative stability and atomic structure of five $C_{20}^{2+}$ isomers obtained by two-electron ionization of a $C_{20}$ cage (the smallest fullerene). All the isomers are bond-stretch isomers, i.e., they differ in bond length. In particular, in one of the isomers with Ih symmetry, all the bond lengths are equal. Full geometry optimizations of the dipositive ion $C_{20}^{2+}$ were performed using the hybrid density functional (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) methods. All isomers were found to be true minima by frequency analysis at the level of B3LYP/6-31G(d) under the reinforced tight convergence criterion and a pruned (99,590) grid. The zero-point correction energy for the cage bond-stretch isomers was in the increasing order $D_{2h}<C_{2h}<C_2<T_h<I_h$ of $C_{20}^{2+}$. The energy difference among the isomers of cage dipositive ions was less than that among neutral cage isomers. Our results suggest that these isomers show bond-stretch isomerism and that they have an identical spin state and an identical potential energy curve. Although the predominant electronic configurations of the isomers are similar, the frontier orbital characteristics are different, implying that we could anticipate an entirely different set of characteristic chemical reactions for each type of HOMO and LUMO.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2000

Current Western-dominated paradigms of technology are based on a reductionstic view, i.e., machines evolve to an intelligent but isolated object form by serially integrating precise subtechnology, humans and the environment through K rperlichkeit(corporeality or philosophy of Mom), is explored. Parallelism based on holism and embodiment, and relative interactions based on correspondence and interrelationships, are the key ideas in the proposed paradigm. An interactive system, called the Emotional intelligence Interface and Performance System(EIPS), is proposed and implemented to explore the proposed interactive technology paradigm. Also, recent collaborations by ASTA(Arts, Sciences & Technology in Asia), an interdisciplinary project team of artists and engineers, are introduced to demonstrate these explorations.

• 대기
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 2006

The surface observation probability system (SOPS) of the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) has been developed based on the climatological distribution of cloud coverage and the expected passage of satellite orbit. While the optical camera loaded on KOMPSAT series has been operated with the purpose of observing earth's surface, it cannot see the surface when an obstacle (i.e., cloud) exists between them. In the present study, cloud information of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project incorporates into high resolution grid of the KOMPSAT-3 orbit. The characteristics of the KOMPSAT SOPS are discussed.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.609-613
• /
• 2014

The Korean Peninsula, located at the southeastern tip of the Eurasian Plate, is known to be tectonically stable, and no critical evidence has yet been found that would override the safety design of nuclear facilities in South Korea. Because a nuclear power plant, like other major social overhead capital facilities, could cause great damage to both the environment and society through an unexpected tectonic event, even one of extremely low probability, like the Fukushima accident, a defense-in-depth safety approach is required in geological and geotechnical site safety evaluation for nuclear projects. This paper introduces the regulatory procedures that are in place to confirm nuclear site safety and site monitoring (e.g., earthquakes and groundwater) systems applied to nuclear facilities in order to reduce inherent uncertainties within the site safety review of geological and seismological issues related with a NPP project.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1201-1208
• /
• 2008

Ubiquotuous technology should be adopted in railroad business to provide passenger's security and convenience. In this project, IT and smart sensor technologies are reviewed, benchmarked, designed, and implemented. The target system is the next generation high speed train to be developed and operated in Korea with the maximum speed of 400km/h. Wireless sensor network with smart sensors is implemented around a train car. PC-like IT terminal will be designed and implemented so an individual passenger can use it to do information retrieval through the Internet, personal data processing, the e-learning, shopping on the railroad, and so on. These provision will give comfort, convenience, and safety of a passenger during his/her trip.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.52.2-52.2
• /
• 2016

해외의 대형 과학 연구 프로젝트에서는 연구 활동에 대한 대국민 홍보와 교육적 활용을 위한 다양한 형태의 콘텐츠를 제작하여 배포하고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 연구 활동과 성과의 대국민 홍보 부족과 교육적 활용이 저조하여 과학 연구에 대한 대국민 인지도가 상대적으로 낮다. 따라서 국내에서도 천문학 연구에 대한 홍보와 일반인들의 이해 증진을 위하여 대형 천문학 연구에 대한 다양한 콘텐츠를 개발하고 보급하는 것이 절실히 필요하다. 본 발표에서는 2015년 구축이 완료된 KMTNet 연구 프로젝트의 교육 콘텐츠를 개발하기 위한 첫 번째 단계로 Apple iBooks Author를 활용한 e-book과 교육활동지 개발을 소개하고자 한다. 개발된 교육 콘텐츠를 배포하여 많은 국민들이 천문학 연구 및 성과에 대한 관심을 갖고 또한 천문학 연구 활동에 대한 올바른 인식 제고에 기여할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 다른 대형 천문학 프로젝트들의 다양한 교육매체 개발 및 활용에 대한 방향을 제시하고 천문학 대중화에 관심 있는 여러 사람들의 의견을 들어보고자 한다.