• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.519-533
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• 2010

Activity oefficients and solubilities of L-Alanine in aqueous solutions containing each of four electrolytes(NaCl, KCl, $NaNO_3$ and $KNO_3$) were measured at 298.15 K. The measurements of activity coefficients were carried out in the electrochemical cell coupled with two ion-selective electrodes(cation and anion), and the solubilities were measured by the gravimetric analysis of saturated solutions in equilibrium with the solid phase of L-alanine. To model the activity coefficients and solubilities of amino acid in the amino acid/electrolyte aqueous solutions, thermodynamic relations of the residual Helmholtz free energy in the amino acid/electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory(PC-SAFT) combined with the primitive mean spherical approximation(primitive-MSA). In the present model, it is assumed that the zwitterions of L-alanine are associated with each other and cross-associated with water molecules, and also cross-associated with the cation and anion dissociated from an electrolyte(inorganic salt). The activity coefficients and solubilities of L-Alanine calculated from the theoretical model proposed in this work are found to be well agreeable with experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2004

In this study, we fabricated magnetite coated on a cordierite honeycomb which has complex shape by ultrasound-enhanced ferrite plating. The effects of the plating condition on the formation of the magnetite and its microstructure were investigated. The magnetite coated on the honeycomb became an oxygen-deficient ferrite by H$_2$ gas reduction, then the effects of the molar concentrations of ammonium acetate for $CO_2$ gas decomposition have been studied. As the molar concentration of a pH buffer($CH_3$COONH$_4$, 0.1946∼0.3892 M) solution increased, the average particle size increased about 200∼250 nm. The magnetite coated on the honeycomb was reduced by H$_2$ gas for 2 h at 30$0^{\circ}C$. The inner pressure change in the cell began to occur at 315∼34$0^{\circ}C$. The H$_2$-Reduced magnetite coated on the honeycomb at 35$0^{\circ}C$ contained an oxygen deficient magnetite and $\alpha$-Fe phase. The thermogravimetric analysis with H$_2$ reduction and $CO_2$ decomposition were carried out with the magnetite coated on the honeycomb. A weight loss in process of H$_2$ reduction occurred between 32$0^{\circ}C$ and 34$0^{\circ}C$, while a weight gain was observed during the $CO_2$ decomposition.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.236-261
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• 2009

'Jeom-hyeol-gigong(點穴氣功)' gives a drill, Gi(氣) as a place to jam. This pathogen(邪氣) is removed. Given the low places and supplement it energy to flow up the well is the cure. This is an internal organ and muscular Gi allows a natural flow. Blood, one that moves and guides Gi is Gi I still feel that it makes any blood, making you feel good in life is flowing with vitality. Gi driving our whole body, while supplying vital energy and blood circulation, helping to defend the body is functioning. 'Jeom-hyeol-gigong' principle of Gi where the blockages to flow naturally energy is to let the flow. Aura of the voluntary and proactive action will be to have healthy bodies. Gi as a whole-body blood circulation leading to the cells in each tissue to supply energy and nutrients to every cell as the original principles of free activities that will maximize your life. Gi to prevent the three causes Internal causes: 5 greed and 7 emotions External causes: climate, food, pathogens, stress, etc. The internal nor the external causes: internal and external factors that cause the complex elements, incorrect position of the bone caused by an imbalance Heart disease will be police officers and raise their resistance to disease than the body, what jung-gi(正氣) have to develop. Beneficial to human body's resistance to raise the jung-gi people young-gi(營氣) and wi-gi(衛氣) should be enhanced. If the form is perfectly possible, Gi cycle itself should not have to breathe. Abdominal diagnosis 'bok-su-ap-an-beop(伏手壓按法)', 'sam-ji-tam-an-beop(三指探按法)' hands are like this, which outlined five viscera in order to understand the problem, the lower side of the clavicle (lung), the pit of stomach (Heart), both the lower ribs (liver), navel below (kidney) can be diagnosed at such areas. In each area of the skin, abdominal muscle tension, aching, or pressing a fuss about, beating the ruling of the state and the problem is a clue. And mo-hyeol(募穴) and certain Acupressure group, the chest, back, belly, so that scattered around each' book 'of the problem can be found. This is also the target of such a diagnosis, such as shape, color of skin, muscle Mostly the scope of the pitch in the cervical spine is broad across the hips. sugi(手氣) method that 'an method(按法) and 'ma method(摩法), bak method(拍法) is.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

In this work, the effects of $Cs^+$ on root growth of 2-day-old maize seedlings were scrutinized. CsCl (5 mM - 30 mM) decreased the fresh weight of the primary root and of the shoot above the coleoptilar node. The elongation growth of the primary root was also inhibited by CsCl. The CsCl-inhibited growth was partially restored by 60 mM KCl. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the reaction in the presence and absence of 60 mM KCl displayed competitive interaction of CsCl (at higher than 10 mM). However, the Reversal of the inhibition by 60 mM KCl did not follow the competitive relationship with 5 mM CsCl, indicating the presence of differential mechanisms of $K^+$ influence depending on the concentration of CsCl. The differential effects of CsCl dependent on the concentrations were also observed in the CsCl-evoked radial expansion of the subapical region of the root. In spite of the decrease in length of the root, shrinkage of the root apical meristem was not observed. CsCl above 10 mM induced the expression of ZmKUP1, indicating functional deficiency of $K^+$ due to competition with Cs. However, the expression of ZmKUP1 by 5 mM CsCl was unclear. Conclusively, exogenously applied $Cs^+$ decreased root elongation and fresh weight and caused radial expansion of the subapical region of the primary root in 2-day-old maize seedlings by complex mechanisms including competitive and noncompetitive interactions with $K^+$. Because the shrinkage of the root apical meristem was not observed, it is concluded that the effects of CsCl on maize root growth was mainly related to cell expansion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.513-521
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• 2020

B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) is a polycomb group protein and a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1. Initial research into Bmi1 has focused on its role in tumorigenesis, and it is generally accepted that it is important for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, more recent studies have revealed that Bmi1 is downregulated in brains with neurodegenerative disease and that it regulates the function of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species levels. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of Bmi1 in pilocarpine-induced seizures in Bmi1-knockout mice. Bmi1 expression transiently increased in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 and the dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). In terms of seizure behavior, SE induction was 43.14% and 53.57% for Bmi1^+/+ and Bmi1^+/- mice, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in mortality or hippocampal damage between the two groups. Two months after SE induction, the frequency of epileptic seizures in the Bmi1^+/- mice was 50% lower than in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, mossy fiber outgrowth in the Bmi1^+/- mice was significantly higher than in their wild-type littermates. Taken together, these data indicate that reduced Bmi1 activity increases pilocarpine-induced seizure probability and mossy fiber outgrowth.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2007

In order to find a solution to protect pigs from bacterial diarrhea and the nasty smell in stalls which are the most trouble, we composed a bio-formula with Stretococcus thermophilus, Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Bacillu subtilis. The antagonistic microbe Bacillus amyloliquifaciens can control the growth of Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1926, Escherichia coli O-157, Listeria and Staphylococcus. S. thermophilus from pig's stomach can live in gastric juice so it also control germs. They worked in its living cell state and its culture fluid. As a result of feeding with piglings, it showed effects of preventing diarrhea and increasing the weight.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2012

The importance of biological resources has been gradually increasing, and mollusks have been utilized as main fishery resources in terrestrial ecosystems. But little is known about genomic and transcriptional analysis in mollusks. This is the first report on the transcriptomic profile of Meretrix lusoria. In this study, we constructed cDNA library and determined 542 of distinct EST sequences composed of 284 singletons and 95 contigs. At first, we identified 180 of EST sequences that have significant hits on protein sequences of the exclusive Mollusks database through BLASTX program and 343 of EST sequences that have significant hits on NCBI NR database. We also found that 211 of putative sequences through local BLAST (blastx, E < e-10) search against KOG database were classified into 16 functional categories. Some kinds of immune response related genes encoding allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), C-type lectin A, thioester-containing protein and 26S proteasome regulatory complex were identified. To determine phylogenetic relationship, we identified partial sequences of four genes (COX1, COX2, 12S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase) that significantly matched with the mitochondrial genomes of 3 species-Ml (Meretrix lusoria), Mp (Meretrix petechialis) and Mm (Meretrix meretrix). As a result, we found that there was a little bit of a difference between sequences of Korean isolates and other known isolates. This study will be useful to develop breeding technology and might also be helpful to establish a classification system.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2009

In order to search for new whitening cosmetic ingredients from Chinese herbal extracts including Chinese herbs and complex prescriptions from TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), we screened about 47 TCM extracts collected from China. We tested their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis by using in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay and B16 melanoma cells. We selected Siphonostegia chinensis and Salvianic miltiorrhiza Bunge. We isolated Danshensu ($\alpha$,3,4-trihydroxybenzenepropanoic acid sodium salt) from Salvianic miltiorrhiza Bunge extract and tested its inhibitory effect on melanin formation in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Danshensu suppressed melanin synthesis up to about 50% at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Siphonostegia chinensis suppressed melanin synthesis up to about 60% at a concentration of $300\;{\mu}g/mL$. The results showed that these extracts could be used as new natural active ingredients for whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1983

The effects of saponin, one of major components (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), on the growth of E. coli K-12 and the formation of siderphore was observed The following results were obtained. 1. When E. coli was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-5%-11${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the rate of growth was stimulated at 10-1% of the saponin significantly compared to that of control. 2. When E. coli K-12 was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the amount of siderphore was two times as much as the control. 3. The growth of E. coli was observed to be dependent on the concentration of siderophore when siderophore was added to medium. 4. The effect of saponin on the formation of siderophore in vitro was observed to reach maximum at 1${\times}$10-3% of the saponin. Such results suggest that the growth rate of E. coli K-12 could be enhanced by ginseng saponin fraction through stimulation of siderphore formation. We have described the fast growth of E. coli, K-12 and B. subtilis, rapid uptake of 14C-glucose, and high level of other metabolites such as lipids and proteins of E. coli, and B. subtilis in medium containing saponing fraction compared to that of microorganisms without saponin fraction.1∼3Such differences were claimed to be due to rapid uptake of 14C-glucose by widened periplasmic region throught unknown mechanism in the prescence of saponin fraction in medium3 and have raised a question whether there is another possible factor, siderophore4(Greek for iron bears), since microorganisms must secure a sufficient amount of iron for normal growth. These are known to be synthesized by the cells under iron-deficient condition and in most case, excreted into the medium5, where they can complex and solubilize any iron present there. It is generally believed that these complexes are then taken into the cells presumably by specific transport systems, thus providing iron for cell metabolism. Within the group of enteric bacteria, only three species (E. coli, S. typhimurium, and A. aerogense) have, so far, been studied in a ny detail. The main iron-binding compound produced by these species is enterochelin, and its role in iron transport is now well established. And biosynthesis of enterochelin from 2, 3- dihydroxybenzoate and serine in the prescence of magnesium ions and ATP was reported6. 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate was also shown to involve isochorismate and 2, 3-dihydro-2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate as intermediate.7∼11 The present paper deals with the effect of ginseng saponin fraction on growth, the level of enterochelin formation in vivo and the conversion of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate and serine into entrochelin in vitro, and entrochelin obtained on the growth in relation to possible explanation of ginseng saponin fraction on the rapid growth of E. coli, K-12.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2001

Gametogenesis and gonadal development of the sea squirt Halocythia roretzi, which is two years old were investigated by histological study. The specimens were collected in Guryong-po coastal area Kyoungsangbuk-do, Korea from May 1996 to April 1997. The sea squirt is hermaphrodite and oviparous. The ovary is located in the inner wall of the tunic year-round, but the testis can be distinguished from in June. The ovary is composed of 6∼8 gonoducts at the left side and 8∼10 ones at the right side, the testis consists of the complex gonad having irregular sacular structures. Oogonia in the ovarian sac were 11.7∼15.6 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. The early developing oocytes were 39.6∼47.6 ${\mu}m$ and nucleus 10.0∼25.0 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Oocytes in the ovarian sacs during vitellogenesis were 158.6∼210.0 ${\mu}m$, and fully ripe oocytes which were to 210.0∼230.9 ${\mu}m$ in diameter had several test cells in the cortical parts showing a characteristic of vertebrate. The testis showed a general spermatogenesis as in the marine animals. The three-year old sea squirt occurred the first spawning between January to February under 10$^{\circ}C$