• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cd and Cu removal

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The removal of heavy metals by crab shell in aqueous solution (게 껍질을 이용한 수중의 중금속 제거)

  • An, Hee-Kyung;Park, Byung-Yoon;Kim, Dong-Seog
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.409-414
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    • 2000
  • In order to examine the availability and effectiveness of crab shell for the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution the crab shell was compared with cation exchange resin(CER), zeolite granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered activated carbon(PAC) on aspects of heavy metal removal capacity rate and efficiency. In the removal of Pb, Cd and Cr, the heavy metal removal capacity of crab shell was higher than those of any other sorbents (CER, zeolite, GAC, PAC) and the order of heavy metal removal capacity was crab shell>CER>zeolite>PAC GAC. However in the removal of Cu, the result of crab shell was slightly lower than that of CER. The initial heavy metal removal rate was affected by the sorts of sorbents and metals. In all heavy metals the heavy metal removal rate of crab shell was higher than those of any other sorbents. Under the heavy metal concentration of 1.0 mmole/$\ell$ the heavy metal removal efficiency of crab shell was maintained as 93~100% which was much higher than those of any other sorbents.

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DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORBENT USING BYPRODUCTS FROM KOREAN MEDICINE FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS

  • Kim, S.W.;Lim, J.L.
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2007
  • Most of the herb residue producing from oriental medical clinics(OMC) and hospitals(OMH) is wasted in Korea. To develop of adsorbent for removing heavy metal from wastewater, the various pre-treatment methods of the herb residue were evaluated by potentiometric titration, Freundlich isotherm adsorption test and the kinetic adsorption test. The herb residue was pre-treated for increasing the adsorption capacity by cleaning with distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH and by heating at $370^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. It showed a typical weak acid-weak base titration curve and a short pH break like commercial activated carbon during photentiometric titration of pre-treated herb residue. The log-log plots in the Freundlich isotherm test were linear on the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH or HCl like commercial activated carbon. The adsorption capacity(qe) in the Freundlich isotherm test for $Cr^{6+}$ was 1.5 times higher in the pre-treated herb residue with HCl than in activated carbon. On the other hand the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH showed the good adsorption capacities for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ even though those adsorption capacities were lower than that of activated carbon. In kinetic test, most of heavy metals removed within the first 10 min of contact and then approached to equilibrium with increasing contact time. The removal rate of heavy metals increased with an increase of the amount of adsorbent. Likewise, the removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH than in that pre-treated with HCl. The adsorption preference of herb residues pre-treated with NaOH or HCl was $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$ or $Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$ in the order. Conclusively, the herb residue can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals depending on pr-treatment methods.

Evaluation of Removal Efficiencies of Heavy Metals Using Brown Seaweed Biosorbent Under Different Biosorption Systems (폐미역을 이용한 생물흡착 시스템별 중금속 제거 효율 평가)

  • Choi, Ik-Won;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kim, Sung-Un;Kang, Se-Won;Lee, Jun-Bae;Lim, Byung-Jin;Kang, Seok-Jin;Jeon, Weon-Tai;Heo, Jong-Soo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.310-315
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: Heavy-metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals, and their accumulation throughout the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions in continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and packedbed column contactor (PBCC) using brown seaweed biosorbent were investigated. Under optimum conditions from both lab-scale biosorbent systems, removal efficiency of copper (Cu) in a large-scale PBCC system was investigated. Removal capacity of Cu using brown seaweed biosorbent in a lab-scale CSTR system was higher than that in a lab-scale PBCC system. On the other hand, over 48 L/day of flow rate in Cu solution, removal efficiency of Cu in a lab-scale PBCC system was higher than that in a lab-scale CSTR system. Optimum flow rate of Cu was 24 L/day, optimum Cu solution concentration was 100 mg/L. Removal capacity of Cu at different stages was higher in the order of double column biosorption system > single column biosorption system. Under different heavy metals, removal capacities of heavy metal were higher in the order of Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn ${\geq}$ Cu ${\geq}$ Cd ${\fallingdotseq}$ Zn ${\geq}$ Co. Removal capacity of Cu was 138 L in a large-scale PBCC system. Removal capacity of Cu a large-scale PBCC system was similar with in a lab-scale PBCC system. CONCLUSION(s): Therefore, PBCC system using brown seaweed biosorbent was suitable for treating heavy metal wastewater.

Removal of heavy metal and Hydrogen sulfide/Nitrophenol using Mackban-stone (맥반석을 이용한 중금속과 악취물질/nitrophenol의 제거)

  • Quen, Zhe-Xue;Yin, Cheng-Ri;Jin, Yin-Shu;Seok, Mi-Soo;Lee, Sung-Taik
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2001
  • Mackban-stone effectively removed heavy metals, such as Fe, Cu, Cd, and Zn, with best removal of Fe and Cu. And the removal of heavy merals related with ion exchange of Ca. Mackban-stone is also an efficient deodorant of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and inhibited the growth of E coli. The degradation rare of 4-nitropheno1 by Nocardioides sp. PNP101 and 2,4-dinitrophenol by Strain CJ1 and Rhodococcus sp. DNP 505 are increased by Mackbane-srone.

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Removal Characteristics of Mixed Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Recycled Aggregate as Construction Waste (건설폐기물인 순환골재를 이용한 수용액상에서의 혼합 중금속 제거 특성)

  • Shin, Woo-Seok;Kim, Young-Kee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2013
  • This study examined the removal rate of mixed heavy metals from aqueous solution using recycled aggregate. The recycled aggregate is favorable for the absorbent because it contains about 95% (CaO, $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$), which are major ingredient of adsorbent for heavy metal. The kinetic data presented that the slow course of adsorption follows the Pseudo first and second order models. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity order: $Cu^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $$Zn^{2+}{\simeq_-}Ni^{2+}$$ > $Cd^{2+}$. The results also showed that adsorption rate slightly increased with increasing pH from 6 to 10. Moreover, this trend is similar to results obtained as function of loading amount of recycled aggregate. Meanwhile, an unit adsorption rate was slightly decreased. From these results, it was concluded that the absorbents can be successfully used the removal of the heavy metals from the aqueous solutions.

Removal Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Using Porous Starfish Ceramics (I) - Treatment of AMD in a Batch Reactor System (불가사리 소재 다공성 세라믹을 이용한 산성광산배수 내 중금속의 제거특성(I) - 회분식 실험을 통한 산성광산배수의 처리특성)

  • Lee, Yonghwan;Yim, Soobin
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to investigate the removal characteristics of heavy metals in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using pellet-type Zeolite-StarFish ceramics (ZSF ceramics), in which natural zeolite and starfish were mixed and calcined with wood flour. Kinetic experiment showed the removal reaction of heavy metals by ZSF ceramics reached the equilibrium status within 3 hours. The optimal calcination temperature range for removal of heavy metals was measured to be $800{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$. The calcination time had little effect on the removal of heavy metal in AMD. The adequate dose of ceramics was shown to be 1.0~1.2 % for removal of heavy metals in AMD. High removal efficiencies of heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in AMD, more than 95 % except for Pb, were obtained under the condition of dose of ceramics more than 1.0 %. The removal efficiencies of heavy metals increased with increasing mixing concentration of wood flour. The adequate mixing concentration of wood flour was observed to be 10 %. The batch experimental results exhibited that the ZSF ceramics could act as an efficient ceramics for removal of heavy metals in AMD and the wood flour could provide porous ZSF ceramics with enhanced removal efficiency of heavy metals.

Characteristics for Heavy Metal Pollution in Road Dust from Daebul Industrial Complex: Classification by Particle Size and Magnetic Separation (대불산업단지 도로먼지 내 중금속류 오염 특성: 입도와 자성에 따른 구분)

  • Jeong, Hyeryeong;Choi, Jin Young;Ra, Kongtae
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.252-271
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    • 2020
  • In this study, we investigated physical and chemical properties such as grain size, heavy metal pollution, magnetic properties, and their environmental impacts of road dusts (RD) collected from 14 sampling points in Daebul industrial Complex. Heavy metal concentrations in RD were in the order of Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd>Hg, and this pollution pattern was related to major industries and traffic activities in this area. The results of the correlation analysis between heavy metal elements and particle size in RD showed that Fe and all of analyzed heavy metals had a significant correlation with each other and metal concentrations had a significantly negative correlation (p<0.05). However, due to the input of large metal particles some heavy metal concentrations in the particle fraction of >1000 ㎛ were highest. Pollution load per unit area of this fraction was the highest among the grain size fractions. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb levels in RD decreased and the levels of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were reduced to 85 (As) -22 (Ni)% of the whole after removal of MFs fraction from RD. The mean heavy metal levels in the study area did not exceed the soil contamination guide value of Korea, indicating that heavy metal levels in RD were not a concern. However, at some sampling points, Zn concentrations were exceeded the soil contamination guide value for the 3rd areas of Korea and this result indicated that further studies of the impact of RD on the surrounding environment through re-suspension or non-point pollution, and of effective management methods are required.

Self-purification Mechanisms in Natural Environments of Korea: I. A Preliminary Study on the Behavior of Organic/Inorganic Elements in Tidal Flats and Rice Fields (자연 정화작용 연구: I. 갯벌과 농지 상층수중 유 ${\cdot}$ 무기 원소의 거동에 관한 예비 연구)

  • Choi, Kang-Won;Cho, Yeong-Gil;Choi, Man-Sik;Lee, Bok-Ja;Hyun, Jung-Ho;Kang, Jeong-Won;Jung, Hoi-Soo
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.195-207
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    • 2000
  • Organic and inorganic characteristics including bacterial cell number, enzyme activity, nutrients, and heavy metals have been monitored in twelve acrylic experimental tanks for two weeks to estimate and compare self-purification capacities in two Korean wet-land environments, tidal flat and rice field, which are possibly different with the environments in other countries because of their own climatic conditions. FW tanks, filled with rice field soils and fresh water, consist of FW1&2 (with paddy), FW3&4 (without paddy), and FW5&6 (newly reclaimed, without paddy). SW tanks, filled with tidal flat sediments and salt water, are SW1&2 (with anoxic silty mud), SW3&4 (anoxic mud), and SW5&6 (suboxic mud). Contaminated solution, which is formulated with the salts of Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Hg, and glucose+glutamic acid, was spiked into the supernatent waters in the tanks. Nitrate concentrations in supernatent waters as well as bacterial cell numbers and enzyme activities of soils in the FW tanks (except FW5&6) are clearly higher than those in the SW tanks. Phosphate concentrations in the SW1 tank increase highly with time compared to those in the other SW tanks. Removal rates of Cu, Cd, and As in supematent waters of the FW5&6 tanks are most slow in the FW tanks, while the rates in SW1&2 are most fast in the SW tanks. The rate for Pb in the SW1&2 tanks is most fast in the SW tanks, and the rate for Hg in the FW5&6 tanks is most slow in the FW tanks. Cr concentrations decrease generally with time in the FW tanks. In the SW tanks, however, the Cr concentrations decrease rapidly at first, then increase, and then remain nearly constant. These results imply that labile organic materials are depleted in the FW5&6 tanks compared to the FW1&2 and FW3&4 tanks. Removal of Cu, Cd, As from the supernatent waters as well as slow removal rates of the elements (including Hg) are likely due to the combining of the elements with organic ligands on the suspended particles and subsequent removal to the bottom sediments. Fast removal rates of the metal ions (Cu, Cd, As) and rapid increase of phosphate concentrations in the SW1&2 tanks are possibly due to the relatively porous anoxic sediments in the SW1&2 tanks compared to those in the SW3&4 tanks, efficient supply of phosphate and hydrogen sulfide ions in pore wates to the upper water body, complexing of the metal ions with the sulfide ions, and subsequent removal to the bottom sediments. Organic materials on the particles and sulfide ions from the pore waters are the major factors constraining the behaviors of organic/inorganic elements in the supernatent waters of the experimental tanks. This study needs more consideration on more diverse organic and inorganic elements and experimental conditions such as tidal action, temperature variation, activities of benthic animals, etc.

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Removal of Heavy Metals Through Conventional Water Treatment Processes (정수처리 과정에서의 중금속제거에 관한 연구)

  • 김중구;고영송;남상호
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 1994
  • A study was carried out in order to investigate the removal efficiencies and removal characteristics of heaw metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu in raw water by one of conventional water treatment processes. The coagulants used in this study were Alum and PAC. Three kinds of water samples were provided: kaolin water, kaolin water mixed with humic acid and raw water from Han River mixed with suspended matter deposited on raw water inlet pipe. Heaw metals were added to the water samples with their respective turbidity, and jar tests were performed. In the results from heaw metal removal studies, lead might be adsorbed or exchanged on the particle surface (SS) rather than react with organic matter added. Cadmium was affected on the dissolved organic matter. Chromium was affected by the both dissolved organic matter and SS concentration, and the restabilization and the enmeshment appeared at moderate (50~80 NTU) and high (100 NTU) turbidity as defined in this experimenL The removal efficiency of copper was relatively little affected by the dissolved organic matter but by SS concentration in comparison with other heavy metals. In these studies as to the raw water turbidities and concentration of heaw metals, it is proved out that the removal efficiency on heaw metals in both cases of PAC and Alum as coagulants was not significantly different.

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Inhibitory Effect of the Selected Heavy Metals on the Growth of the Phosphorus Accumulating Microorganism, Acinetobacter sp.

  • Chung, Keun-Yook;Han, Seok-Soon;Kim, Hong-Ki;Choi, Guak-Soon;Kim, In-Su;Lee, Sang-Sung;Woo, Sun-Hee;Lee, Kyung-Ho;Kim, Jai-Joung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.40-46
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    • 2006
  • This study was initiated to evaluate the inhibitory effect of selected heavy metals on the growth of Acinetobacter sp. Down as one of the phosphorus accumulating microorganisms (PAO) involved in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process of the wastewater treatment plant. Acinetobacter sp. was initially selected as a starting model microorganism and was grown under aerobic condition for this experiment. The heavy metals selected and investigated in this study were cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Median $(IC_{50})$ and threshold $(IC_{10})$ inhibitory concentrations for Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn were 2.95 and 1.45, 4.92 and 2.53, 0.03 and 0.02, 1.12 and 0.43, 14.84 and 5.46 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. We demonstrated that most of heavy metals tested in the experiment inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter sp. in the range of predetermined concentrations. Based on the data obtained from the experiment, Hg was the most sensitive to Acinetobacter sp., then Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn in order.