• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 1996

The effects of additional P-doping on the magnetic properties, thermal stability and cation distribution of Co-doped ${\gamma}-{Fe_2} {O_3}$have been investigated by means of magnetic annealing and measurements with vibration sample magnetometer and torque magnetometer. It is found that the P-doping promotes the coercivity and its magnetic-thermal stability, which may be attributed to increase of the cubic magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant, $K_1$ and the activation energy, E, for cation rearrangement, respectively. The cation distribution of P and Co-substituted iron oxide was calculated from the variation of the saturation magnetization with P-doping on the basis of the Neel model. It was found that the most of P ions in the iron oxides occupied the B-site of spinel lattice.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.212-212
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• 2010

Recently, lithium transition metal phosphates with an ordered olivine-type structure, $LiMPO_4$ (M=Fe, Mn, Ni, and Co), have attracted extensive attention due to a high theoretical specific capacity (170 mAh/g). The $LiMPO_4$ is the most attractive because of its high stability, low cost, high compatibility with environment. However, it is difficult to attain its full capacity because its electronic conductivity is very low, and diffusion of Li-ion in the olivine structure is slow and the supervalue cation doping was used. In this research, we are used the supervalue cation doping methode such as Cu, Ti, and Mg were partially replace the Fe. The cycling performance resulted of the used $LiM_xFe_{1_x}PO_4$ cathode materials for lithium batteries exhibit excellent high capacity than $LiFePO_4$/Li cells.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.40-43
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• 1999

In order to investigate Sn substitution sites and interstitial O atoms in tin-doped indium oxide, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. There are two kinds of cation sites in $In_2O_3$, namely b-site and d-site. NTP-MD simulations under the condition of 300 K and 0 GPa were performed with two kinds of cells substituted by Sn atoms at each site. The excess oxygen atom accompanied with Sn doping was also taken into consideration. According to the calculations of Sn potential energies in each site, it was revealed that Sn atoms were substituted for b-sites rather than for d-sites. It was also revealed that the interstitial excess oxygen atoms tend to be connected with the Sn atoms substituted for the d-sites Sn rather than for the b-site. There MD simulation results well agreed with the experimental results.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

The electrochemical properties of Mg-doped $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ and pure $LiFe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}PO_4$ olivine cathodes are examined and the lattice parameters are refined by Rietveld analysis. The calculated atomic parameters from the refinement show that $Mg^{2+}$ doping has a significant effect in the olivine $LiFeMnPO_4$ structure. The unit cell volume is 297.053(2) ${\AA}^3$ for pure $LiFe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}PO_4$ and is decreased to 296.177(1) ${\AA}^3$ for Mg-doped $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ sample. The doping of $Mg^{2+}$ cation with atomic radius smaller than $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ ion induces longer Li-O bond length in $LiO_6$ octahedra of the olivine structure. The larger interstitial sites in $LiO_6$ octahedra facilitate the lithium ion migration and also enhance the diffusion kinetics of olivine cathode material. The $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ sample with larger Li-O bond length delivers higher discharge capacities and also notably increases the rate capability of the electrode.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

The co-doping effect of aliovalent metal ions such as Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Zn²⁺ on the photoluminescence of the Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ red phosphor, prepared by spray pyrolysis, is analyzed. Mg²⁺ metal doping is found to be helpful for enhancing the luminescence of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. When comparing the luminescence intensity at the optimum doping level of each Mg²⁺ ion, the emission enhancement shows the order of Zn²⁺ ≈ Ba²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr³⁺ > Mg²⁺. The highest emission occurs when doping approximately 1.3% Zn²⁺, which is approximately 127% of the luminescence intensity of pure Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. The highest emission was about 127% of the luminescence intensity of pure Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ when doping about 1.3% Zn²⁺. It is determined that the reason (Y, M)₂O₃:Eu³⁺ has improved luminescence compared to that of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ is because the crystallinity of the matrix is improved and the non-luminous defects are reduced, even though local lattice strain is formed by the doping of aliovalent metal. Further improvement of the luminescence is achieved while reducing the particle size by using Li₂CO₃ as a flux with organic additives.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Layered $LiNi_{0.83}Co_{0.11}Mn_{0.06}O_2$ cathode materials single- and dual-doped by the rare-earth elements Ce and Nd are successfully fabricated by using a coprecipitation-assisted solid-phase method. For comparison purposes, non-doping pristine $LiNi_{0.83}Co_{0.11}Mn_{0.06}O_2$ cathode material is also prepared using the same method. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping, and electrochemical techniques. The XRD data demonstrates that all prepared samples maintain a typical ${\alpha}-NaFeO_2$-layered structure with the R-3m space group, and that the doped samples with Ce and/or Nd have lower cation mixing than that of pristine samples without doping. The results of SEM and EDS show that doped elements are uniformly distributed in all samples. The electrochemical performances of all doped samples are better than those of pristine samples without doping. In addition, the Ce/Nd dual-doped cathode material shows the best cycling performance and the least capacity loss. At a 10 C-rate, the electrodes of Ce/Nd dual-doped cathode material exhibit good capacity retention of 72.7, 58.5, and 45.2% after 100, 200, and 300 cycles, respectively, compared to those of pristine samples without doping (24.4, 11.1, and 8.0%).

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2021

The Li-rich oxides are promising cathode materials due to their high energy density. However, characteristics such as low rate capability, unstable cyclic performance, and rapid capacity fading during cycling prevent their commercialization. These characteristics are mainly attributed to the phase instability of the host structure and undesirable side reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. To suppress the phase transition during cycling and interfacial side reactions with the reactive electrolyte, K (potassium) doping and Nb oxide coating were simultaneously introduced to a Li-rich oxide (Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂). The capacity and rate capability of the Li-rich oxide were significantly enhanced by K doping. Considering the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the interslab thickness of LiO₂ increased and cation mixing decreased due to K doping, which facilitated Li migration during cycling and resulted in enhanced capacity and rate capability. The K-doped Li-rich oxide also exhibited considerably improved cyclic performance, probably because the large K⁺ ions disturb the migration of the transition metals causing the phase transition and act as a pillar stabilizing the host structure during cycling. The Nb oxide coating also considerably enhanced the capacity and rate capability of the samples, indicating that the undesirable interfacial layer formed from the side reaction was a major resistance factor that reduced the capacity of the cathode. This result confirms that the introduction of K doping and Nb oxide coating is an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of Li-rich oxides.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2023

투명 전도성 산화물(TCO)를 대체할 수 있는 대표적인 물질로 알려진 ZnO는 3.37 eV의 bandgap과 60 meV의 exciton binding energy를 가진 반도체 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 투명 전극으로 사용하기 위한 높은 전기적 특성을 확보하기 위해 원자층 증착법을 기반으로 양이온과 음이온의 단일 및 이중 도핑에 따라 성장한 ZnO 박막을 제작하였다. 3가 양이온 Al, Ga과 음이온 F이 단일 및 이중 도핑된 ZnO 박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성 및 전기적 특성을 확인하였다. 단일 도핑의 경우, ZnO에 donor로 작용하는 Al, Ga, F에 의해 캐리어 농도가 도핑 전에 비해 증가하였고 근자외선 영역에서의 band-edge absorption이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 단일 도핑 중에서는 F이 ZnO 내 산소 공공 자리에 passivation 되면서 높은 mobility와 함께 가장 높은 전도도를 보였다. 이중 도핑의 경우, 각 원소들의 도핑 효과가 더해지면서 단일 도핑에 비해 높은 전기적 특성을 보였다. 결과적으로 Ga-F에 비해 Al-F 도핑 시 ionic radius 차이에 의한 lattice distortion 감소 및 delocalized 된 전자 상태의 증가로 가장 낮은 비저항 값을 보였으며 PDOS 분석을 통한 시뮬레이션 데이터로 측정 값과 일치하는 결과를 확인했다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2016년도 자성 및 자성재료 국제학술대회
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• pp.192-192
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• 2016

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2002

정방정 지르코니아의 상안정성 및 저온열화기구를 고찰하기 위해 Y2O3 안정화 지르코니아에 3가 양이온 산화물을 첨가한 후 그 소결체의 기계적 물성, 라만 스펙트럼 및 격자상수 변화 등을 관찰하였다. 2Y-TZP에 $Zr^{4+}$ 보다 이온크기가 큰 3가 양이온($Sc^{3+},\;Yb^{3+},\;Y^{3+},\;Sm^{3+},\;Nd^{3+},\;La^{3+}$)들을 2 mol%까지 첨가하여 $1500{\circ}C$에서 1시간 소결후, X-ray 상분석 결과 $La^{3+}$의 경우에는 0.5 mol% 이상 첨가시 pyrochlore 상$(La_2Zr_2O_7)$의 형성으로 정방정상의 상안정성이 저하되었다. 첨가량이 증가할수록 $Zr6{4+}$과 이온크기가 거의 비슷한 $Sc^{3+}$를 첨가한 경우에는 정방정상만 관찰되었으나 $Yb^{3+},\;Y^{3+},\;Sm^{3+},\;Nd^{3+}$를 첨가한 경우에는 입방정상이 형성되었다. 양이온 크기가 커질수록 c/a비는 증가하였으나 $220{\circ}C$에서 500시간까지 열처리후 상분석 결과 단사정량은 감소하였다.