• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of Sprout of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf water extract (SC) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice. Methods : The antioxidant activity of SC was measured through total polyphenol and total flavonoid content in vitro. The experiment was conducted with seven-week-old male Balb/c mice. After 1 week adaptation, acute colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% DSS dissolved in drinking water, for 7 days. And normal mice received drinking water without DSS throughout the entire experimental period. For each experiment, the mice were divided into 4 groups and 24 colitis mice were arbitrarily allocated into 3 groups (n = 8/group); Normal group, Control group, SC 100 mg/kg treated group (SCL), SC 200 mg/kg treated group (SCH). Serum and colon tissues were collected after one weeks of drug administration. Results : ROS levels, ONOO^- levels, AST, and ALT in serum were decreased in SC treated groups compared to the control group. Western blotting measurements of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2, IL-4, IL-10, and Bcl2 showed that the SC treated groups was increased compared to the Control group. Also, western blot measurements of NF-κBp65, p-IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Caspase-3 showed that the SC treated groups was reduced compared to the Control group. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that SC treatment can attenuate the DSS-induced colitis though inhibiting NF-κB pathway and enhancing Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, SC was the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won (WC) on the in vitro neuronal development and alteration in gene expression in a hypoxia model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E/sub 18/ rat cortical cells were grown in a neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement and various concentration of WC. Initial development of growth cone was investigated by phase-contrast microscopy, while dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis were investigated by immunocytochemistry with SynGAPα(a postsynaptic marker) and synaptophysin (presynaptic marker) antibodies. Alteration in gene expression was analyses by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : WC suppressed the development of growth cones and WC increased the number of dendritic spines at 20 and 50㎍/mL concentration but there was no statistical significance. Instead, it significantly decreased the number at 100㎍/mL. The expression of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl211) increased (Global M=0.46), while Akt1 decreased. Proapoptosis genes Bad and PDCD2 increased. The expression of hemoglobin alpha 1 (probably neuroglobin) increased (Global M=0.93). The expression of antioxidants such as catalase, heme oxygenase (HO), and PRKAG2 gene increased. The expression PKC gene increased. The expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) increased significantly (Global M=1.0). Conclusions : These data suggest that WC trends to suppress cellular activity slightly in normoxia and increases the expression of apoptosis-, antioxidation-, oxygen capture-related genes in hypoxia, but increases Bcl111 that anti-apoptosis gene, on the other hand increases Bad, PDCD2 that pro-apoptosis genes, too..

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2003

In this paper, the effect of Ganopoly(extracts of Ganoderma lucidum) and Ganopoly/C+(70% Ganopoly + 30% chitosan) on cisplastin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. A single dose of cisplastin(5 ㎎/㎏) kg) was administered intraperitoneally after pretreatment of saline, Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ for 7 days. The nephrotoxicity and renal function were manifestated by the changes of body weight, blood pressure, biochemical changes and solute in urine and plasma. After the treatment of CDDP(cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum), a significant elevation of kidney weight, serum urea, cretinine, urine volume for 24 hours, urine magnesium, and a severe or significant decrease in body weight, blood pressure, creatinine clearance, urine osmolarity, serum albumin, etc. The nephrotoxicity was further confirmed by a significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase(GSH) in urine and kidney homogenate, GSH, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase in kidney tissue. And also the lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in kidney homogenate. These signs of nephrotoxicity was ameliorated by the pretreatment and consecutive administration of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ for 14 days after the Lp. injection of CDDP on 7th day after pretreatment of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+. The amelioration of nephrotoxicity was evidenced by significant reduction in serum urea and creatinine concentration, and improvement of other index of renal function. And The activity of antioxidant enzymes were partially recovered in kidney tissue of rats treated by CDDP and the administration of Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+. These results indicate the cispastin induced nephrotoxicity is due to an impairment of tubular reabsorption systems enhanced by necrosis of proximal tubule, and the Ganopoly and Ganopoly/C+ has a partial protective effect on nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP. The polysacchride of Ganoderma lucidum may improve the therapeutic index of nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP. However, it is needed to elucidate the mechanism for confirming the therapeutic effect.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2009

This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of modified Yukgunja-tang(mYGJT) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats, Animals were divided into normal, control, mYGJT(100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated groups. Obesity with hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet treatment for 6 weeks. mYGJT was given to the amimals by oral gavage for 4 weeks, starting at the high-fat diet regimen, The effect of mYGJT on the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in vitro and serological paramamters for obesity and hyperlipidemia in vivo were evaluated, mYGJT significnatly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in a concentration dependent manner. mYGJT treatment siginficantly reduced body weight, abdominal and epididymal fat weight, and FER(Food Efficiency Ratio) compared with control group in a dose dependent manner. It also signficantly inhibited the levels of serum total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol, LDL, AI(Atherosclerosis Index) and returned the serum HDL to normal. Total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterols in the liver, as well as malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydroxy radical in the serum were significantly reduced. However, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly increased in mYGJT treated group compared with control group. Finally, mYGJT treatment signficantly decreased the MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations of the hepatic homogenate but signficantly increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and Catalase. Taken together, these results suggest that mYGJT can be clinically useful in inhibiting high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

Bisphenol A, an everywhere chemical, is applied as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastics, which often used in our everyday products and in epoxy resins as protective coatings and linings for food and beverage cans for decades. Human exposure to BPA may lead to adverse effects by interfering with oestrogen receptors. Our present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) on BPA-induced damage in the liver of male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: the first group received olive oil and served as control. The second group received both (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet). The third one treated orally by (10 mg/kg b.w.) of BPA. The last group received (Se + Vit E) (0.5 mg/kg diet; 100 mg/kg of diet) concomitantly with (10 mg/kg b.w.) BPA. Exposure to BPA for three weeks engendered a hepatic disorder. An increased AST and ALT enzymatic activity was noticed in BPA-treated group as compared to other groups. Furthermore, a change in glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, albumin, and bilirubin level was remarkable. Moreover, exposure to BPA increased malondialdehyde levels while reduced gluthatione content was decreased in the liver homogenate. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and catalase activities was observed in the same group. Administration of selenium and vitamin E through the diet in BPA treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. In addition, an improvement in activities of liver enzymes was recorded. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. The model of this study that we employed characterized the relationships between BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and its alleviation by natural antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2019

유기용매 내성세균들이 항산화 방어시스템에 의하여 독성 유기용매로부터 자신을 보호하는지를 밝히기 위해 두 균주의 유기용매 내성 세균에서 항산화 효소 활성과 총 항산화능(T-AOC)을 조사하였다. 톨루엔 농도 100 mg/l에서 유기용매 내성세균 BCNU 106의 슈퍼옥사이드 디스무타아제(SOD) 레벨은 상대적으로 증가하였으며, 유기용매 내성세균 BCNU 171의 경우에는 톨루엔 농도 200 mg/l에서 상대적으로 증가하였다. 톨루엔 농도 200와 300 mg/l에서 유기용매 내성세균 BCNU 106에서 카타라제(CAT) 레벨이 3배 이상 증가함이 확인되었고, BCNU 171에서는 CAT 레벨이 2배 이상 증가함이 확인되었다. 또한 유기용매 내성세균에서 글루타치온 S- 전이효소(GST) 레벨이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 총 항산화능도 유기용매에 대하여 내성을 보이지 않는 일반 세균인 KACC 10266보다 유기용매 내성세균들에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 한편 톨루엔 농도 200 mg/l 존재 하에서 BCNU 171 균주의 SOD 레벨은 1시간 후 정점에 도달하였다. BCNU 106에서 1시간과 14시간 후 CAT 레벨이 정점에 도달하였고, BCNU 171균주에서는 3시간 후 정점에 도달하였다. T-AOC 레벨의 정점은 BCNU 106에서는 톨루엔에 노출 9시간 후에 나타났으며, BCNU 171에서는 1시간과 9시간 후 두 번 T-AOC 레벨의 정점이 나타났다. 모든 유기용매 내성 세균은 왕성한 항산화 방어 반응을 보였으며, 이러한 항산화 방어 시스템을 통하여 유기용매 내성 세균이 유기용매를 비롯한 가혹한 환경하에서 생존할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 1989

식품의 안전성 평가를 위한 기초자료로서 각종 활성산소 소거제 및 환원제를 사용하여 식품성분간의 상호반응에 의하여 당의 분해로 생성되는 저분자 카르보닐 화합물의 돌연변이원성과 그 억제기구를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 카르보닐화합물의 돌연변이원성은 glyceraldehyde 등의 ${\alpha}-hydroxycarbonyl$ 화합물보다 glyoxal등의 ${\alpha}-dicarbonyl$ 화합물이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중에서 methyl glyoxal이 가장 큰 것으로 밝혀졌다. 각종 활성산소 소거제 및 환원제의 돌연변이원성 억제작용은 cysteine, glutathione 및 sodium bisulfite의 억제작용이 큰 것으로 나타나 이들 카르보닐화합물의 돌연변이원성은 주로 산화에 의해 생성되는 일중항산소$(^1O_2)$ 및 그 자체의 반응성에 크게 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 이들 카르보닐화합물의 돌연변이원성은 첨가된 활성산소 소거제에 의하여 카르보닐화합물의 자동산화로 생성된 일중항산소, 수산라디칼, 과산화수소 및 superoxide anion 등의 소거 및 환원제에 의하여 카르보닐화합물의 반응성의 소실로 인하여 억제되는 것으로 생각된다. 한편, 공시한 각 활성산소 소거제 및 환원제 단독으로는 돌연변이원성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

본 연구는 새송이 버섯을 첨가하여 만든 어묵이 체내 지질 대사와 효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐 30마리를 대상으로 고콜레스테롤(1%)첨가 기본식이, 30% 일반어묵 첨가 식이와 40% 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵 식이를 급여하였다. 평균 식이 섭취량은 대조군, 일반 어묵군, 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에 따른 각 군 간의 유의적인 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 체중 증가량과 식이효율은 대조군에 비해 실험군 모두 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤, 동맥경화지수(A.I), GOT, GPT 수준은 대조군이 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. HDL-콜레스테롤의 경우 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군이 대조군과 일반 어묵군보다 낮게 나타났고, 간조직의 콜레스테롤 및 중성 지방 농도는 유의적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈장과 간조직 TBARS 수준은 대조군보다 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수치를 보였다. 항산화 효소 활성도에서 SOD활성도는 대조군과 일반 어묵과의 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, CAT활성도는 대조군보다 새송이 버섯 첨가 어묵이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며. GPx활성도 역시 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과들을 종합해 보면, 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에서의 새송이 버섯 첨가 오징어 어묵은 전반적인 지질대사 개선과 함께 SOD, CAT, GPx와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시켜 항산화 방어계에도 긍정적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 앞으로 고콜레스테롤 혈증 예방 등의 혈관 순환기 계통 질병을 예방하기 위한 식품으로써의 활용이 기대된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2008

공장 폐수로 인한 오염이 심한 경기 시화호에서 오염정도가 다른 두 지역으로부터 풀망둑을 채집하여 이들의 해독효소계 또는 항산화효소계의 반응을 비교하였다. 해독효소계에서 I상효소로는 CYP, P450R, b5R, EROD를, II상효소로는 GST를 조사하였다. 그리고 항산화효소계로는 CAT, GR, CPx의 활성 그리고 GSH및 CSSG농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 오염정도가 심한 지역에서 잡은 어류가 간장 중 P450R, b5R, GST의 활성이 높았으나 EROD활성은 오히려 낮았고 CYP농도는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 이지역에서 잡은 어류는 CAT와 GR의 활성, 비효소적인 항산화계인 CSH와 GSSC농도도 더 높았으나 GTx활성은 오히려 낮았다. 이들 결과는 시화호의 오염된 곳에서 서식하는 풀망둑 Acanthogobius hasta은 상당히 해독효소계가 항진되어 있으며 산화 스트레스도 크게 받고 있음을 보여준다.