• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.169-202
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• 2017

In this thesis, we investigate the animation (2001) based on the three phases of the lyrical expression derived from Ye Weiqu's Mono no aware Aesthetic-a Japanese classical aesthetics' perspective, on the aspects of the perceptions of human, world, and nature. By analyzing each component of three phases of Mono no aware Aesthetic, the thesis illustrated that how (2001) utilized and expressed Japanese classical aesthetic and how Japanese classical aesthetics were widely utilized into modern Japanese animations. Moreover, the thesis also stated that Mono no aware Aesthetic has become a creative element in order to answer a development direction with future Japanese animations. Through integrating Japanese unique classical aesthetics into the animation elements, Satoshi Kon, the director of the animation, well carried and expressed the cultural content of Japanese nation, thus promoting a deep understanding of characteristics for Japanese animation which have a wide appeal. In his masterpiece -, the characters building, plot describing, theme expressing, cultural meaning could be analyzed respectively by means of Ye Weiqu's 3 phases of Mono no aware aesthetic, reflecting how inherited the legacy of Japanese classical aesthetics. Furthermore, based on the analysis method, the animation contributed tremendously to Japanese classical aesthetics and Mono no aware aesthetics. Tradition for classical aesthetics could play a role as a creative tool for contemporary and future animation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.223-246
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• 2013

Even though cartoons and narration comics were born from different origin, they have been called by names such as 'cartoons' or 'comics'. The reason can be found in the similarity of cartoons and narration comics. The similarity of cartoons and narration comics is the genre consisting of writing and drawing. Writing can be the format of expression and it can represent the story. Such story is present as a component of 'narration'. Sub genre of comics includes cartoons and narration comics. It includes animation in a broad range. In cases of narration comics and animation, it is thought that narration is present with continuity of time. However, in case of cartoon, because one or two cuts without continuity of writing are frequently expressed, it is being asked whether narration is present. It is easy to be reminded of epic or chanson de geste whenever you hear 'narration'. Since it deals with a biography of the character, we think the concept of 'narration' with temporality. However, narration provides a certain event in a broad range. Thus, cartoons presenting one event with the image may have the existence of narration, because description of multiple scenes of narrative comics can be implicitly represented in cartoons. As such implications leave a space, the empty space can be filled by active reasoning of recipients. However, nevertheless, it is very difficult to find studies as well as mentions of narration in cartoons. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the concept and structure of narration and demonstrate the presence of narration in cartoons. First of all, we looked at the narration theory in literature before studying narration in cartoons. The reason is that we thought the approach to the literary theory was required in order to investigate the basic elements, since cartoons are a collection of writing and drawing. We were focused on the prerequisites of narration presented in "story and discourse" of s. Chatman. If the prerequisites of narration are present, we can assume that the narration is present. The prerequisites are 'narration reasoning', 'screening', 'consistency', 'process statements' and 'stasis statement'. As s. Chatman described them as prerequisites of narration, he analyzed the narration structures of films and novels. In addition, we revealed that the narrations were present in cartoons as we identified how prerequisites of narration presented by Chatman were presented and expressed through "vocabulary of comics", "Timeframe" and "life in the line" described in "understanding comics" by Scott McCloud.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.285-320
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• 2016

Cartoons and Animation are convergent arts created with a composite application of language arts described in the form of literary texts and sounds, plastic arts visualized in the form of artistic paintings, and film arts produced in the form of moving pictures. An academic university major in cartoons and animation studies established in late 20th century however, did not satisfactorily meet the needs in academic research and development and the free expression of artistic creation was limited. In order to systematize the major in cartoons and animation studies, an convergent approach to establish and clarify following are in demand : the terms and definitions, the historical developments, the research areas and methods, the major education and related jobs and start-ups. New culture and arts industries including cartoons, animation, moving images, and games contents are not yet listed in the industries listing service jointly provided online by the portal site Naver.com and Hyung-Seol publishing company. Above all, cartoons and animation are inseparably related to each other that even if one uses the term separately and independently, the meaning may not be complete. So a new combined term "Animatoon" can be established for the major in cartoons and animation studies and also used for its degree with concentrations of cartoons, animation, moving images, games, and etc. In the Introduction, a new combined term Animatoon is defined and explained the use of this term as the name of the major and degree in cartoons and animation studies. In the body, first, the Historical Developments classified Animatoon in the ancient times, the medieval times, and the modern times and they are analyzed with the help of esthetics and arts using examples of mural frescos, animal painting, religion cartoons, caricatures, cartoons, satire cartoons, comics, animation, 2 or 3 dimensional webtoons, and K-toons. Second, the Research Areas of Animatoon reviewed the theories, genres, artworks, and artists and the Research Methods of Animatoon presented the curriculum that integrated the courses in humanities, science technologies, culture and arts, and etc. Third, the Major Education considered Animatoon education in children, young adults, students of the major and the Related Jobs and Start-Ups explored various jobs relating to personal creation of artwork and collective production of business-oriented artwork. In the Conclusion, the current challenges of Animatoon considered personalization of the artists, specialization of the contents, diversification of the types, and liberalization of the art creation. And the direction of improvement advocated Animatoon to be an academic field of study, to be an art, to be a culture, and to be an industry. The importance of cartoons and animation along with videos and games rose in the 21st century. In order for cartoons and animation to take a leading role, make efforts in studying Animatoon academically and also in developing Animatoon as good contents in the cultural industries.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-162
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to suggest more specific method to express art connected to the factor of fashion design by classifying fashion case combined with contemporary art, which is expressed through visual factor of fashion, analyzing exchange phenomenon, trend and change aspect of art and fashion and researching its expression type under the background of art preference phenomenon of contemporary art. From the result of measuring the frequency of contemporary art type, it was found that various types and artists' works were applied to fashion industry. Therefore, the scope of contemporary art, which is used for fashion, is being enlarged and new type is appearing every year continuously. Especially, its frequency was highest in 2008 S/S. In addition, it was found that it was more frequent in S/S season rather than in F/W season. From the result of analyzing expression method of contemporary art inspiration shown in fashion by classifying it into structure aspect, print aspect and 3D decoration aspect, in most cases, the contemporary art was used as a print or pattern for dress or accessory. The print aspect could be divided into geometric abstraction pattern, expressional abstract pattern, trompe-l'oeil pattern, graffiti pattern, picture image pattern and cartoon pattern in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1017-1034
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• 2021

The "Escape the corset" movement raises the question of gender norms in dressing by rejecting the socially established ideal women's clothing. The context is similar to Rational dress of the 19th century, which claimed that women could also wear pants. Cartoons and webtoons reflect the characteristics of each era, including images and stories, and express social problems of the time implicitly and satirically. Thus, this study examined women's clothes expressed in cartoons and webtoons and analyzed their characteristics. The results are as follows. As an expression to the recipient of both clothes, women tried to form their identity through a rational attitude and break away from their embellishment, which was regarded as oppression from society. On the other hand, as an expression of the attitude of others towards the recipient of both clothes, people argued the changed appearance of women as a non-ideal form which should be corrected. This study is significant for proving that the dressing contains gender norms of the time beyond the trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.659-668
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• 2008

Today, Fashion illustration has been diversified in its usage and respotlighted in the significance of its artistry by artists' interpretation and subjective perspectives. The purpose of this study is to find out theoretical reestablishment of this extended expression sphere and possible expression coverage of Fashion illustration. First, based on the Fashion illustration works revealing expressive features of Pop Art, this study reviews major considerations of Fashion illustration, i.e. assemblage, silk screen and new possible perspectives respectively. Therefore, based on the reviews, this study seeks to deduce pop art characteristics of expression technique found in Fashion illustration. Expression modes of Pop Art are represented broadly by assemblage, silk screen and new perspectives. Based on corresponding case analysis, this study could come to find out the following expressive features of pop art revealed in Fashion illustration: First, it is found that contemporary Fashion illustration pursues unbounded expressions and unprecedented styles owing to material variety. Second, it is found that contemporary Fashion illustration tries to adopt new and experimental techniques including computer program. Third, it is found that Fashion illustration characterized mainly by expressive features of Pop Art shows and pioneer a wide variety of application spheres including commercials(ads), newspaper or magazine illustration and cartoon ads simply beyond designer's creative drawing. Furthermore, it is expected that Pop Art's expressive features shown in Fashion illustration will evolve through a fusion with various experimental techniques, and keep having cultural and artistic influence in the future as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.38-51
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to offer data that designers can utilize substantially, by developing creative materials in knit fashion through the analysis relevant to expression characteristics on the mixture in high low class culture, which were shown in knit fashion of contemporary women, as one of methods of pursuing a plan for being able to be appeared creative and unique knit wear. As for a method of this research, studied concept and characteristics on the mixture in high low class culture by preceding researches. And women's knit fashion was selected that is seen to be 3~18 gauge among the world's 4 collections from 2000~2008. The analysis was made with the analytical frame in mixture pattern, and the analytical frame in design element, and item. The results are as follows. The mixture of kidult element and high fashion was shown with characteristic of expressing humor and fun with graffiti, expression like character and cartoon, and fairy-tale fantasy through the exaggerated trifling article. The mixture of grungy element and high fashion was shown with the expression characteristic in the mixture of heterogenous pattern, and in tear, slit without the end treatment due to fraying the end strand in the knit fashion with basic stitch, patch work, fringing and tone-down gray, use of khaki and blue color, and match in opposite color. The mixture of underwear and high fashion was shown the expression characteristic with the emphasis on underwear line like volume up, or with the mixture of details such as pants in diverse lengths, mini skirt, underwear lace, and ribbon.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.151-164
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• 2009

The discussion on folk painting (minwha) has been continued till recent in various ways. MinWha is applied by painting artists and also utilized as a basic material of design. These are the attempts approved by the viewpoint of the 'Korean beauty'. In saying so, minwha symbolizes for typical types of Korean painting, and is articulated as an aspect of forgotten spirit. However, despite the fact of Minwha's frequent application, and its evident originality, it remains only the thread of the existence. Although minwha has a lot of commonalities and similarities with the characteristics of cartooning, a decisive attempt of cartooning is hardly shown through. Therefore, this paper is aim to classify creative paintings by the distinctive features of minwha, such as exaggeration and abridgment, sarcasm and current affair aspect, common technique of art drawing, caricatured element, expression of an ideal world, various techniques from artist's different comprehension, etcetera and to make opportunity to constructively apply these features in cartoons. The types of minwha are mostly classified by the contents of the painting. However, since the purpose of this thesis is to find caricatured aspects in minwha, it will be largely classified by the elements of animal, plant, human, insect species, finny tribe, feathered tribe, and nature phenomenon. This classification takes advantage of accessibility to understand the characterization of the object, and leads to take a positive approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2011

This study applied cartoon-like simple and implicit symbol of Keith Haring works to tubular jacquard knit, designed woman casual knit wear with fun, explicit and activities using fluorescent yarns with explicit features. This study aimed to propose the directions for new market pioneering that meets the emotional requirements of modern people by raising the level of utilization and expression area of knit fashion, and to present the constructive directions for high value-added knit wear by designing highly effective knit wear. Methods of this study examined the lifetime and artistic background of Keith Haring and collected his works through searching of internet, scholastic publications or thesis. Formative types and colors of works collected were analyzed and classified according to characteristic standards of Haring and characteristic formativeness and color of works were extracted. The result of this study is as shown below: First, the feature of his works can be summarized into motif that has symbolic and implicit cartoon-like lines including narratives as well as enormous number of works. Such feature is very suitable for variation and recombination in realization of design and has unlimited potentials for development. Second, image colors can be extracted such as black and white, original color and fluorescent paints, which reflects the intention of artist who put focus on communication with the public. Such color feature is very suitable for design motif that has explicitness of reflecting the intention of artist through use of special fluorescent yarn. Third, I made it as reversible wear that has effects of increasing or decreasing the explicitness according to color area ratio using the feature of textures allowing use of both sides as well as form stability of tubular jacquard. Fourth, by adjusting the thickness of fabric with controlling of ply in fabric using poly yarn and wool union yarn, I could obtain good results of study in terms of technique that can express various materials with embossed dynamic effects of unevenness on flat surface.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.135-154
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• 2011

Simulacra theory as propounded by Jean Baudrillard in his seminal treatise, "Simulacra and Simulation," explores the significance of images, media and art in contemporary culture. Its central theoretical premise is the simulacrum, a sign or symbol that plays a crucial role in constructing perceived reality but which lacks a real-world referent. In Michel Gondry creates simulacra in the form of hallucinatory dream imagery by combining stop-motion animation and live-action elements. As experimental film-making that combines analog and minimum digital technologies, the result is a tour-de-force of synchronization. This study analyzes the film's technique and expressive content and, by adopting simulacra theory as a conceptual framework, aims to provide a better understanding of Gondry's work.