• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

This paper presents a hardware-efficient auto-correlation scheme for the synchronization of MIMO-OFDM based wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, such as IEEE 802.11n. Carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for the frequency synchronization requires high complexity auto-correlation operations of many training symbols. In order to reduce the hardware complexity of the MIMO-OFDM synchronization, we propose an efficient correlation scheme based on time-multiplexing technique and the use of reduced samples while preserving the performance. Compared to a conventional architecture, the proposed architecture requires only 27% logic gates and 22% power consumption with acceptable BER performance loss.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.1219-1225
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 BWLL 상향링크에 적용할 수 있는 버스트 QPSK 수신기의 동기알고리즘을 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 설계한 버스트 수신기는 디지털 다운컨버터와 정합필터 그리고 동기회로로 구성되어 있다. 동기회로의 경우 심벌 타이밍 복구를 위하여 가드너 알고리즘을 사용하였고 반송파 주파수 복구를 위하여 4승법을 사용하였으며 반송파 위상 복구는 DD알고리즘을 사용하였다. 성능 분석을 위하여 제안된 알고리즘에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과와 VHDL로 코딩되어 FPGA에 구현된 실제회로의 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 성능분석 결과 주파수 옵셋이 심벌율의 4.7% 까지 동기기가 잘 동작하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2010

This paper proposes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform for the forward link of a fixed broadband satellite system. We focus on the synchronization tasks in the receiver. Our objective is to minimize the required overhead, in order to improve the spectral efficiency with regard to a single carrier waveform system. A non pilot aided algorithm is used for fine synchronization. It is preceded by a coarse synchronization stage, which relies on a limited overhead (short cyclic prefix associated to some pilots). The performance of the proposed receiver is assessed through simulation results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.596-606
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• 2007

It is well known that an OFDM receiver is vulnerable to synchronization errors. Despite fine estimations used in the initial acquisition, there are still residual synchronization errors. Though these errors are very small, they severely degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance. In this paper, we propose a residual error elimination scheme for the digital OFDM baseband receiver aiming to improve the overall BER performance. Three improvements on existing schemes are made: a pilot-aided recursive algorithm for joint estimation of the residual carrier frequency and sampling time offsets; a delay-based timing error correction technique, which smoothly adjusts the incoming data stream without resampling disturbance; and a decision-directed channel gain update algorithm based on recursive least-squares criterion, which offers faster convergence and smaller error than the least-mean-squares algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme works well in the multipath channel, and its performance is close to that of an OFDM system with perfect synchronization parameters.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.978-990
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• 2021

This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual-polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP-OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple-input multiple-output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP-OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double-slope line in the logvariance line versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with singlepolarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3-dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion-valued or complex-valued signals. Cramer-Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1997

고속 데이터 통신을 위한 T1 전송시스템에 동기식 스트림암호를 적용시 수신 데이터는 매우 긴 비트 간격 동안 연속해서 "0" 또는 "1"이 발생될 수 있다. 이러한 경우 수신클럭 복구가 어려울 뿐 아니라 통신규약을 위반하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 T1 전송시스템에 동기식 스트림암호를 적용시 출력단에서 암호문의 연속 "0" 비트수를 k( $\geq$ 2) 이하로 억제하는 블록검출방식과 직렬검출방식(ZS, Zero Suppression)을 제안한다. 제안된 ZS방식들은 암호학적 비도를 유지하면서 스트림동기 문제를 효과적으로 해결한다.도를 유지하면서 스트림동기 문제를 효과적으로 해결한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권8C호
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• pp.613-616
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• 2008

In this paper, a fine residual frequency offset estimation scheme is proposed for multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra-wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) systems. The basic idea of our approach is based on the fact that two adjacent OFDM symbols carry the identical information in the MB-OFDM UWB system, thus removing the need of pilot symbols. The mean square error of the synchronization scheme is evaluated and simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimator. When compared to the pilot-aided conventional estimator, the proposed estimator has a lower estimation error.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9A호
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• pp.858-866
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 ATSC 지상파 DTV 시스템에서 스펙트럼 상관관계를 이용한 주파수 동기 방법을 제안한다. 파일럿 신호를 이용하는 기존 알고리즘은 다중경로와 이동수신 환경에 의해 파일럿 주변의 스펙트럼 왜곡이 심하면 주파수 옵셋 추정 오류가 발생한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 파일럿을 사용하지 않고 기준 스펙트럼과 수신된 스펙트럼 사이의 상관관계를 이용하여 주파수 동기를 획득하기 때문에 기존의 동기 방식에 비해 빠르고 정확하게 주파수 동기를 획득할 수 있다. 또한 파일럿을 사용하지 않는 새로운 ATSC 주파수 동기 방식을 제시한다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

본 논문은 DVB-RCS +M 표준에서 제안된 직접수열기반의 대역확산기술 중 코드 동기 기술에 관한 것이다. 직접수열기반의 대역확산기술은 다중반송파기반의 대역확산기술에 비해 비선형증폭기의 영향을 덜 받으나 수신단에서 코드 동기 시간 측면에서 불리하다. 이러한 어려움을 개선해보고자 초기 코드 포착을 위한 강인한 상관기 구조가 제안되고 코드 추적을 위한 비동기 DLL(Delay Lock Loop)이 제안된다. 본 기법을 바탕으로 평균 포착 시간 등의 결과를 제시하고 샘플 클럭 타이밍 오차에 영향을 받지 않는 2 오버샘플기반의 코드 추적회로의 구조와 결과도 제시한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.309-314
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• 2006

In general DGPS system, the correction message is transferred to users by wireless modem. To cover wide area, many DGPS station should be needed. And DGPS users must have a wireless modem that is not necessary in standalone GPS. But SBAS users don't need a wireless modem to receive DGPS corrections because SBAS correction message is transmitted from the GEO satellite by L1 frequency band. SBAS signal is generated in the GUS(Geo Uplink Subsystem) and uplink to the GEO satellite. This uplink transmission process causes two problems that are not existed in GPS. The one is a time delay in the uplink signal. The other is an ionospheric problem on uplink signal, code delay and carrier phase advance. These two problems cause ranging error to user. Another critical ranging error factor is clock synchronization. SBAS reference clock must be synchronized with GPS clock for an accurate ranging service. The time delay can be removed by close loop control. We propose uplink ionospheric error correcting algorithm for C/A code and carrier. As a result, the ranging accuracy increased high. To synchronize SBAS reference clock with GPS clock, I reviewed synchronization algorithm. And I modified it because the algorithm didn't consider doppler that caused by satellites' dynamics. SBAS reference clock synchronized with GPS clock in high accuracy by modified algorithm. We think that this paper will contribute to basic research for constructing satellite based DGPS system.