• 대한화학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1970

Furfuryl acetate was chlorinated in presence of acetic acid using carbontetrachloride as the solvent. When the chlorination proceeded at the low concentration of acetic acid, the formation of the tetrachloride was more efficient than that of higher concentration. The chlorination done in presence of various Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and borontrifluoride could not give high yield of tetrachloride, but trichloride. In case of borontrifluoride and hydrogen fluoride, the decomposition of the reaction mixture was apparent. The results were discussed in terms of the stability of furfuryl nucleus towards an electron acceptor and the convenient procedure of preparing trichloro furfuryl acetate was described.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.712-722
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• 2007

This study screened three natural ores (iron, mangenase, and zinc), two types of slags, and two elemental metals (elemental iron and zinc) to evaluate transformation characteristics of CAH mixtures [e.g. Carbontetrachloride (CT), 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and Perchloroethene (PCE)]. To select an effective metal medium to treat the CAH mixtures, we measured transformation capacities (CAH mass ultimately transformed/mass of metal added) and the degree of dechlorination. We also considered economical efficiency of the metal media by comparing the value, CAH mass ultimately transformed divided by the price of metal medium added. A simplified mathematical model adapting CAH transformation capacity, first-order transformation kinetics, and available mass of metal transforming CAH was developed and used for estimating CAH transformation rate coefficient and longevity of the metal medium. CAH transformation capacity for elemental iron and elemental zinc were 4258~7129 and $4215{\sim}6330{\mu}g\;CAH\;transformed/g$ metal added, respectively, which are a factor of 80~200 higher than slags and natural ores. They also showed a factor of 1.1 to 2.2 greater degree of dechlorination than the others. Among natural ores and slags, Zinc ore showed the highest transformation capacity, $47{\sim}53{\mu}g\;CAH\;transformed/g$ metal added. Although zinc ore have smaller transformation capacity than elemental metals, economical efficiency of zinc ore is a factor of 10~20 greater than elemental metals tested. Consequently, zinc ore would be more economical medium than the others tested in this study. We estimated the pseudo first-order transformation rate of zinc ore was in the order of CT > 1,1,1-TCA > PCE.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2012

This study investigated exposure to air pollutants in rooms in low-income houses at Shomolu (R1), Mafoluku (R2) and Mushin (R3) in Lagos state. The concentrations of most measured exceeded limits of Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) for indoor air quality. Air quality index (AQI) in rooms studied was unhealthy for sensitive people in terms of CO, unhealthy in terms of $SO_2$ and very unhealthy in terms of $NO_2$ while moderate air quality was obtained in terms of $PM_{10}$ in most rooms. High concentrations of carbontetrachloride, formaldehyde and xylene measured could have been responsible for some of the health complaints of the occupants. Factor analysis shows that cooking with kerosene, use of gasoline generator and insecticide were the major contributors to indoor air pollution in these rooms. Therefore, there is need to urgently tackle poverty as all affected by these pollutants were poor who live in substandard houses without kitchens.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2002

Bezoylphenyl urea계 신규 살충제인 1-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-3-(3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-2-chlorophenyl) urea (DBI-3204, HW-3204)를 생산하기 위하여 경제적인 합성법을 확립하였다. 특히 3단계 합성공정에 사용하는 용매를 사염화탄소로 단순화 시켰다. 필수적인 중간체인 3,5-bis(trifluorornethyl)-2-chloroaniline을 92%로 선택적으로 합성하였으며, 2,6-difluorobenzoylisocyanate는 95%, DBI-3204는 약 90%의 좋은 수율로 합성하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1969

A new method of qualitative and quantitative determination of barbiturates in the pharmaceuticals by means of $\alpha$-picoline-copper (II) was studied. Barbiturates in the pharmaceuticals were dissolved in the mixed solvent of 33% $\alpha$-picoline-Carbontetrachloride to yield Complex Compounds of barbiturates-copper (II)-$\alpha$-picoline. Complex Compounds of barbiturates show uniformly maximum absorption at the wavelength of 540m.mu. and wre to be identified at the concentration of 1 X 10$^{-4}$ Mole, and also was to be quantitatively determined at the concentration of 1 X 10$^{-3}$ Mole. By this method barbiturates in the pharmaceuticals could be determined in the presence of various compounds such as sulpyrine, isopropylantipyrine, antipyrine, phenacetin and etc. But Barbiturates could be also determined by this method after seperation with aminopyrine, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid and etc. by column chromatography. And barbiturates and acetylsalicylic acid could be also determined by simultaneous equation while their complex compounds show uniformly each maximum absorption at the Wavelength of 540 m${\mu}$ and 620 m${\mu}$. I.R. spectra of these complex compounds show identification of Barbiturates derivatives. The composition ratio of these complex compounds were : barbiturates : Cu : ${\alpha}$-picoline=2:1:2.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.193-196
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• 1997

Matricaria Chammomillal L., Foemiculum Vulgare mill, and Plantago Psylium L. have been screened for their hepato protective activities against liver damge induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Hydroalcoholic extractions (2:8) of herbal drugs were concentrated in vacuo and concentrated crude extracts of Matrica Chammomilla L. and Foeniculum Vulgare mill were orally administered at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. Plantago Psyllium was given at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg. Liver protective activities of these herbs were determined after administration of $CCl_4$ Liver size, serum enzyme activities, sleeping time, and histopatology of the liver were examined one hour after administration of $CCl_4$. ALT and AST activities, liver weight and sleeping time decreased in groups that received 400 mg/kg of Matricaria Chammomilla L. or Foeniculum Vulgare. Histological investigation showed significant increase in hepatic cell regeneration and reduction in liver injury. The group that received 100 mg/kg Plantago Psylium showed liver protection but protection was not significant in other doses.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

We evaluated the potential protective activity of the traditional Korean medicinal herb, Corni fructus (CF), in an experimental model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbontetrachloride $(CCl_4)$. The CF exhibited a hepatoprotective activity against Chang cell. And The expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), measured by RT-PCR and western blot, was significantly decreased in the CF treated Chang cell. But $CCl_4$ and CF has no significant effect on 1A1 and 3A1 isoform of cytochrome P450. Based on these findings, it is suggested that hepatoprotective effects of CF possibly related to antioxidative effects and downregulation of CYP2E1 expression.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.390-405
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• 1988

n-Heptane, n-Octane, n-Decane, 2,3-Dimethyl Butane을 chlorination agent인 N-chlorosuccinimide, tert-Butylhypochloride, Trichloromethanesulfonylchloride, Carbontetrachloride, Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride, Phosphorous pentachloride Chlorine등으로 benzene 또는 $CS_2$ 용매중에서 염소화시킬때 생기는 Mono-chloro alkane의 이성질화 혼합물을 정량적으로 고찰하였다. 여기에서 파라핀계 탄화수소의 치환비율에 대한 지금까지 알려진 사실과 일치하지 않는 놀라운 이성질화 분포(Isomerization distribution)를 확립하였다. 이러한 결과는 극성효과를 갖는 공격하는 라디칼의 free energy, 그리고 alkane의 개개의 수소 원자가 지니는 여러가지 서로다른 C-H bond 해리에너지의 상호작용을 통하여 얻어졌다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2013

This study investigated the concentrations of odourous compounds in air, leachate, stream and well in and around Taju-Bello dumpsite. Meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity) and six odour families comprising sulphur ($H_2S$), ammonia ($NH_3$), aromatic (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, p-xylene, m-xylene), aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde) and halogenated (tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, carbontetrachloride) compounds were measured. Meteorological parameters suggested low dispersal of pollutants at L1 with possible perspiration and suffocation from exposure to high temperature, relative humidity and low wind velocity. The trend of abundance of odourous compounds at studied locations is of the order dumpsite (L1) > leachate (L4) > 100 m away from dumpsite (L2) > 200 m away from dumpsite (L3) > stream (L5) > well (L6). $H_2S$, Oxygenated and aromatic compounds were the major contributors to odour strength in these locations. Correlation, factor and cluster analyses of the data revealed similarities of sources as biogenics and xenobiotics inherent in the wastes as the main sources of these odourous compounds.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.899-904
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• 2002

For determination of the genotoxicity of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) in water, in vitro Comet assay was performed using 3T3 cells. The selected 5 VOCs; Trichloroethylene(TCE), Tetrachloroethylene(PCE), Carbontetrachloride (CteC), Dichloromethane(DCM) and Chlorofrom(Chl) and mixed solvent(Mix), are the test items for drinking water quality. Author analyzed the genotoxicity of these solvents through their tail length (TL) values. Mix, PCE, Chl, TCE in order had cytotoxicity at the highest concentration, and CCl₄ and DCM had no cytotoxic effect. TCE, CCl₄, Chl, PCE, Mix, DCM had genotoxicity, Chl, PCE, Mix had both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity simultaneously, Cytotoxic effect of mixed organic solvents, compared with that of single component, at each concentration, was influenced by the synergistic effect of the interaction of each organic component.