• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.467-476
• /
• 2002

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제12권8호
• /
• pp.744-749
• /
• 2003

The effect of tempering temperatures on microstructures and mechanical properties was studied in a low carbon steel. The disappearance of continuous yielding and the formation of an extended region in engineering stress-strain curves at tempering temperatures ranging from 673 to 873K was caused by the reduction of mobile dislocations during tempering and dynamic recovery during tensile deformation. In addition, the occurrence of discontinuous yielding in the sample treated at the tempering temperatures above 923K was attributed to the formation of new strain-free polygonal ferrite grain.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 1997

The concentrations of organic and elemental carbon were determined using fine particle samples collected from Kosan, Cheju Island during the summer seasons of 1994 and 1995. The daily mean concentrations of organic and elemental carbon for each measurement period were 3.74 and 0.27 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in 1994, while those of 1995 were 2.36 and 0.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively The concentrations of organic carbon were higher than those commonly observed from clean areas around the world, but those of elemental carbon were lower than, or comparable to, other clean areas in the world. The resulting ratios of total carbon to elemental carbon at this site were thus higher than those seen from other metropolitan and non-polluted regions abroad. In addition according to our analysis, the 1994 measurement period can be classified into two periods: enhanced (July 20 and August 1) and reduced levels (August 2 and 9) of the carbonaceous species. The observed difference between two periods may be in part accounted for by the air trajectories representing each period. During the former period, the air masses from the Asian continent and Japan were dominant, while the air masses from the North Pacific Ocean came during the latter period. OC/EC ratios at the site were calculated to predict the possible formation of secondary organic aerosol . Based on our observations, we suggest that the formation of secondary organic aerosol might be an important pathway to the production of organic carbons.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.838-842
• /
• 2015

The Li-air battery is a promising candidate for the most energy-dense electrochemical power source because it has 5 to 10 times greater energy storage capacity than that of Li-ion batteries. However, the Li-air cell performance falls short of the theoretical estimate, primarily because the discharge terminates well before the pore volume of the air electrode is completely filled with lithium oxides. Therefore, the structure of carbon used in the air electrode is a critical factor that affects the performance of Li-air batteries. In a previous study, we reported a new class of carbon nanomaterial, named carbon nanoballs (CNBs), consisting of highly mesoporous spheres. Structural characterization revealed that the synthesized CNBs have excellent a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure, with an average diameter greater than 10 nm and a total pore volume more than $1.00cm^3g^{-1}$. In this study, CNBs are applied in an actual Li-air battery to evaluate the electrochemical performance. The formation mechanism and electrochemical performance of the CNBs are discussed in detail.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.1149-1153
• /
• 2002

CH4/CO2 dry reforming was carried out to make syn gas on the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts calcined at different temperatures. The Ni/Al2O3 (850 $^{\circ}C)$ catalyst gave good activity and stability w hereas the Ni/Al2O3 $(450^{\circ}C)$ catalyst showed lower activity and stability. The NiO/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at $850^{\circ}C$ for 16 h (Ni/Al2O3 $(850^{\circ}C))$ formed the spinel structure of nickel aluminate, which was confirmed by TPR. The carbon formation rate on the Ni/Al2O3 $(850^{\circ}C)$ catalyst was very low till 20 h, and then steeply increased with reaction time without decreasing the activity for CH4 reforming. The Ni/Al2O3 $(450^{\circ}C)$ catalyst showed high carbon formation rate at the initial reaction time and then, the rate nearly stopped with continuous decreasing the activity for CH4 reforming. Even though the amount of carbon deposition on the Ni/Al2O3 $(850^{\circ}C)$ catalyst was higher than that on the Ni/Al2O3 $(450^{\circ}C)$ catalyst, the activity for CH4ing was also high, which could be attributed to the different type of the carbon formed on the catalyst surface.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2003

The pyrolysis for production of hydrogen and high quality carbon black from natural gas were studied. The reactivities in tubular reactor and FVR(free volume reactor) for the methane pyrolysis were compared, in order to prevent the formation of undesirable carbon product such as pyrocarbon, the FVR was designed. The hydrogen yield and the formation of carbon black from methane pyrolysis in this reactor were investigated at temperature range between 1443 and 1576K. From the result of TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis, it was confirmed that the CFC(catalytic filamentous carbon) was formed without pyrocarbon.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.142-150
• /
• 1981

The present paper clarified mechanism of quench crack formation in high carbon steel dur-ing quenching, and, in order to prevent the quench crack, proposed two basic guides in alloy design of high carbon tool steel. They are to raise Ms temperature of high carbon tool steel by addition of alloying elemen-ts such as Al and Co, and to decrease grain size of the carbon tool steel by addition of alloying elements of Al, B, Ti, Zr, and V, and by grain-refining heat treatment.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 니켈이 담지된 촉매를 이용하여 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질반응에서 발생하는 탄소퇴적의 속도와 반응온도에 따른 카본생성 경로를 연구하였다. 개질 반응이 진행되는 동안 촉매 위에 발생하는 탄소퇴적과 그 속도측정을 위한 반응장치로는 열분석기를 이용하였다. 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질반응에서 반응기체 조성을 달리하여 실험한 결과 코크형성의 반응차수가 1.33($CH_4$)과 -0.52($CO_2$)임을 확인하였다. 또한, 탄소퇴적속도를 이용한 모델식을 근거로 반응온도에 따른 반응속도인자를 계산한 결과 $600^{\circ}C$ 미만에서는 메탄의 분해반응만이 주로 발생하며 $600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ 사이에서는 메탄의 분해반응과 더불어 이산화탄소 해리반응이 동시에 진행됨을 알았다.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제21권
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 2017

In this study, Fe-Ni bimetallic catalyst supported on kaolin is prepared by a wet impregnation method. The effects of mass of kaolin support, pre-calcination time, pre-calcination temperature and stirring speed on catalyst yields are examined. Then, the optimal supported Fe-Ni catalyst is utilised to produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. The catalysts and MWCNTs prepared using the optimal conditions are characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), electron diffraction spectrometer (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD/EDS patterns of the prepared catalyst confirm the formation of a purely crystalline ternary oxide ($NiFe_2O_4$). The statistical analysis of the variance demonstrates that the combined effects of the reaction temperature and acetylene flow rate predominantly influenced the MWCNT yield. The $N_2$ adsorption (BET) and TGA analyses reveal high surface areas and thermally stable MWCNTs. The HRTEM/HRSEM micrographs confirm the formation of tangled MWCNTs with a particle size of less than 62 nm. The XRD patterns of the MWCNTs reveal the formation of a typical graphitized carbon. This study establishes the production of MWCNTs from a bi-metallic catalyst supported on kaolin.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2011

Understanding the structural stability of carbon nanostructure under heat treatment is critical for tailoring the thermal properties of carbon-based material at small length scales. We investigate the heat resistance of the single carbon nanoball ($C_{60}$) and carbon nanoonions ($C_{20}@C_{80}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}C_{320}$) by performing molecular dynamics simulations. An empirical many-body potential function, Tersoff potential, for carbon is employed to calculate the interaction force among carbon atoms. Simulation results shows that carbon nanoonions are less resistive against heat treatment than single carbon nanoballs. Single carbon nanoballs such $C_{60}$ can resist heat treatment up to 5600 K, however, carbon nanoonions break down after 5100 K. This intriguing result offers insights into understanding the thermal-mechanical coupling phenomena of nanodevices and the complex process of fullerenes' formation.