• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2017

Researches on the emissions of greenhouse gases in the construction industry, which accounts for 40% of raw materials, 30% of energy consumption, and 30% of $CO_2$ emissions in the entire industry, are mainly focused on studies of LCA. However, it is assessed that $CO_2$ emissions are higher in construction sequence than in operation sequence. Also, it is considered that construction machinery using fossil fuel is a main factor causing environmental load in construction sequence. Therefore, this study analyzes the workload and engine RPM characteristics of the excavator which is the second largest number of registered construction machinery in Korea and the highest utilization rate in actual construction site. The excavator is divided into non-load states and load states where power is transmitted to the excavator. The exhaust gas is analyzed by a direct measurement method using PEMS equipment. $CO_2$ emissions are estimated by analyzing the relationship between RPM and exhaust emission characteristics according to the actual driving conditions. Additionally, we analyze the difference between $CO_2$ emissions of construction machine calculated by this study and $CO_2$ emissions calculated by using carbon emission coefficient.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to provide a basis for the molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological action of ethanol. We studied the effects of 1-propanol on the location of n-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid or stearic acid (n-AS) within the phospholipids of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV). The SPMV were isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex and liposomes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL). 1-Propanol increased the rotational mobility of inner hydrocarbons, while decreasing the mobility of membrane interface, in native and model membranes. The degree of rotational mobility varied with the number of carbon atoms at positions 16, 12, 9, 6 and 2 in the aliphatic chain of phospholipids in the neuronal and model membranes. The sensitivity of increasing or decreasing rotational mobility of hydrocarbon interior or surface by 1-propanol varied with the neuronal and model membranes in the following order: SPMV, SPMVPL and SPMVTL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 1984

The present study was conducted to elucidate the triglyceride composition of walnut oil. The triglycerides were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fractionated on the basis of partition numbers by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a column packed with $\mu$-bondapak $C_{18}$ using methanol-chloroform mixture as a solvent system. Each of these collected fractions was fractionated again on the basis of acyl carbon number of triglyceride by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The fatty acid composition of triglycerides for each partition numbered group was also analyzed by GLC. From the results, it was found that walnut oil consists of ten kinds of triglycerides, and the patterns of major ones in walnut oil were as follows: 53.3% of $(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 10.1% of $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 5.4% of $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2})$, 4.3% of $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3})$, 3.9% of $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 2.0% of $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2})$, 1.8% of $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

The effects of zeolite-type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of the PP resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer, a Pyrolyser GC-mass, and a small batch reactor. The zeolite type catalysts tested were natural zeolite, used FCC catalyst, and ZSM-5. As the results of TGA experiments, the pyrolysis starting temperature for PP varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to the heating rate. Addition of the zeolite type catalysts in the PP resin increased the pyrolysis rate in the order of used FCC catalyst> natural zeolite> ZSM-5 > PP resin. Adding the used FCC catalyst in the PP reduced most effectively the pyrolysis finishing temperature. In the PY-G.C. mass experiments, addition of zeolite type catalysts decreased the molecular weight of pyrolyzed product. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of used FCC catalyst enhanced best the initial yield of fuel oil, but the final yield of fuel oil was 2% higher in the case of mixing of natural zeolite. Also in the carbon number analysis, used FCC catalyst was the most useful one in this experiments for fuel oil.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 2009

For the isolation of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, strain YK-5 was selected from approximately 400 thermostable strains isolated from special soil samples. Strain YK-5 produced an antifungal compound, and optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of the antifungal compound were investigated against Aspergillus flavus as a test strain. Modified LB medium containing 1% peptone, 1% yeast extract and 5% black sugar was determined to be the optimal medium for growth and antifungal compound production. Culture broth of strain YK-5 potently inhibited growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40052 for 7 days. The plant growth-promotion function of strain YK-5 was tested against radish and rice in pot trials. Leaf number, plant height and root length in YK-5-treated radish markedly exceeded (> 60%) those of untreated radish. Leaf length and white rootlet development were markedly more prominent than in commercially-treated rice plants. Strain YK-5 was determined to be Bacillus subtilis YK-5 by physiological, chemotaxonomical, and phylogenetical analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.500-505
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• 2010

Two different dyes containing the same molecular weight but different chemical structure have been utilized for the study of thermodynamic parameters. In this study, {3-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-3-(1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one} (Blue 502) and {3-(4-(diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl)-3-(1,2-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one} (Blue 402) were used. It has been performed by measuring UV spectra of the two dyes. In general, the blue shift has been observed from both dyes in higher carbon number alcohol solvents. Interestingly, Blue 502 showed higher stability than Blue 402 in the same conditions used in this study. And, the equilibrium constants (0.9~1.0) of the dyes depending upon temperature change were also calculated using UV absorbance. The standard enthalpy calculated from equilibrium constants and molar absorptivity($\varepsilon$) are 10.94 kJ/mol in Blue 402 and 9.010 kJ/mol in Blue 502, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1989

In order to obtain a clue in understanding enzymatic hydrolysis in which the His-Cys moieties of papain protease is involved, we prepared cationic peptide-sufactants bearing histidyl, cysteinyl, and both histydyl and cysteinyl residues. Their catalytic efficiency toward the hydrolysis of PNPL were investigated in comicellar phases formed with $N^{+}C_{2}CysC_{12}$, $N^{+}C_{2}HisC_{12}$, $N^{+}C_{2}HisCysC_{12}$ increased markedly in the same order compared with that of $N^{+}C_{2}AlaC_{12}$. The markedly increased catalytic effects are attributed to the imidazole groups of $N^{+}C_{2}HisC_{12}$ and the thiol groups of $N^{+}C_{2}CysC_{12}$, and the large catalytic efficiency of $N^{+}C_{2}HisCysC_{12}$, is considered due to the interaction of the imidazole and the thiol groups. In order to investigate catalytic activities, rate constants for the functional groups, km* and dissociation constants, pKa have been determined. The results showed that $k^{\ast}_m$ and pKa of the imidazole groups were $7.91{\times}10^{-4}S^{-1}$ and 6.49, and those of the thiol groups were $6.00{\times}10^{-4}S^{-1}$ and 10.50. The catalytic effects of comicellar systems on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters has increased according to the increasing size of the alkyl carbon number. Therefore, the catalytic effects have been increasing by the interaction of micellar hydrophobic parts and substrates as well as action of the functional groups.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1659-1663
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• 2003

$Al_2O_3$ thin films were grown on H-terminated Si(001) substrates using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAl: $(CH_3)_2AlOCH(CH_3)_2$], as a new Al precursor, and water by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The selflimiting ALD process by alternate surface reactions of DMAI and $H_2O$ was confirmed from measured thicknesses of the aluminum oxide films as functions of the DMAI pulse time and the number of DMAI-$H_2O$ cycles. Under optimal reaction conditions, a growth rate of ~1.06 ${\AA}$ per ALD cycle was achieved at the substrate temperature of $150\;^{\circ}C$. From a mass spectrometric study of the DMAI-$D_2O$ ALD process, it was determined that the overall binary reaction for the deposition of $Al_2O_3\;[2\;(CH_3)_2AlOCH(CH_3)_2\;+\;3\;H_2O\;{\rightarrow}\;Al_2O_3\;+\;4\;CH_4\;+\;2\;HOCH(CH_3)_2]$can be separated into the following two half-reactions: where the asterisks designate the surface species. Growth of stoichiometric $Al_2O_3$ thin films with carbon incorporation less than 1.5 atomic % was confirmed by depth profiling Auger electron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy images show atomically flat and uniform surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy of an $Al_2O_3$ film indicate that there is no distinguishable interfacial Si oxide layer except that a very thin layer of aluminum silicate may have been formed between the $Al_2O_3$ film and the Si substrate. C-V measurements of an $Al_2O_3$ film showed capacitance values comparable to previously reported values.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

This study was carried out to develop a new method of cultivation of 'Hwadam' a new variety of Lentinula edodes, to improve fruiting body productivity and reduce labor. To determine the optimum filter number for box cultivation, L. edodes were assessed for their cultural characteristics and mushroom yield. During spawn running of L. edodes in the box, the temperature gradually increased to the highest value of 25.8℃, 23.7℃, and 23.0℃ on day 18 for the four filter, two filter, and no treatment groups, respectively. Oxygen concentration displayed an opposite trend to carbon dioxide concentration, reaching the lowest value on day 21. The oxygen concentration progressively increased as more filters were used (5.4%, 8.2%, and 8.9% treatment with no, two, and four filters, respectively. Growth of L, edodes in the box resulted in the highest yield (2,228 g/7kg substrate) and biological efficiency (70.7%) using four filters. The biological efficiency of the four filter treatment was 29.4% higher compared to bag cultivation (41.3%). Further studies are necessary to verify stable productivity of fruiting bodies through repeated cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-181
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• 1984

The present study was directed to define the triglyceride composition of pine nut oil. The triglycerides were separated from pine nut oil by thin layer chromatography, and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography on the basis of partition numbers. Each of these collected fractions were fractionated again by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analyzed by GLC. The pine nut oil consisted of thirty two kinds of triglycerides, and the major triglycerides of pine nut oil were those of $(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;34.9%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;10.8%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;9.9%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1}\;;\;6.5%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;6.3%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;4.8%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;3.3%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.7%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.6%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.2%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;1.9%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;1.7%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1}\;;\;1.7%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;1.5%)$.