KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental Research for CO2 Emission Estimation of Medium-Scale Excavator Reflecting Work Characteristics

작업 특성을 반영한 중규모 굴삭기의 CO2 배출량산정을 위한 실험적 연구

  • 김승현 (제주대학교 토목해양공학과) ;
  • 이동욱 (제주대학교 토목해양공학과)
  • Received : 2017.04.10
  • Accepted : 2017.06.05
  • Published : 2017.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Researches on the emissions of greenhouse gases in the construction industry, which accounts for 40% of raw materials, 30% of energy consumption, and 30% of $CO_2$ emissions in the entire industry, are mainly focused on studies of LCA. However, it is assessed that $CO_2$ emissions are higher in construction sequence than in operation sequence. Also, it is considered that construction machinery using fossil fuel is a main factor causing environmental load in construction sequence. Therefore, this study analyzes the workload and engine RPM characteristics of the excavator which is the second largest number of registered construction machinery in Korea and the highest utilization rate in actual construction site. The excavator is divided into non-load states and load states where power is transmitted to the excavator. The exhaust gas is analyzed by a direct measurement method using PEMS equipment. $CO_2$ emissions are estimated by analyzing the relationship between RPM and exhaust emission characteristics according to the actual driving conditions. Additionally, we analyze the difference between $CO_2$ emissions of construction machine calculated by this study and $CO_2$ emissions calculated by using carbon emission coefficient.

전체 산업에서 원재료사용의 40%, 에너지소모의 30%, 그리고 $CO_2$ 배출량의 30% 이상을 차지하는 건설 산업에서의 온실가스 배출에 대한 연구는 LCA를 통한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있다. 하지만 건설 산업의 생애 주기에서 $CO_2$ 배출량이 많은 단계는 운영단계 보다 시공단계가 더 큰 것으로 평가되며, 시공단계에서 환경부하를 가장 크게 유발하는 요인은 화석연료를 사용하는 건설기계일 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에는 국내 건설기계 등록대수 중 두 번째로 많고 실제 건설 현장에서 활용도가 가장 높은 굴삭기를 대상으로 작업 형태에 따른 생산성과 엔진부하 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고 굴삭기의 운행 특성을 공회전 무부하상태와 동력이 전달되는 부하상태로 구분하여 배기가스를 PEMS 장비를 이용해 직접측정방식으로 분석하였다. 실제 운행 상태에 따른 엔진 부하량과 배기가스 배출 특성요인들과의 상관관계를 분석하여 $CO_2$ 배출량을 산정하였다. 그리고 본 연구를 통해 산정된 건설기계의 $CO_2$ 배출량과 탄소배출계수를 이용하는 방법으로 산정된 $CO_2$ 배출량과의 차이를 분석하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bilec, M., Ries, R., Matthews, H. S. and Sharrard, A. L. (2006). "Example of a hybrid life-cycle assessment of construction process." Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2006)12:4(207)
  2. Frey, H. C., Rasdorf, W., Kim, K. W., Pang, S. H. and Lewis, P. (2008). "Comparison of real world emissions of backhoes, front-end loaders, and motor graders for B20 bio diesel vs. petroleum diesel and for selected engine Tiers." Transportation Research Record, Vol. 2058, pp.33-42. https://doi.org/10.3141/2058-05
  3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2006). 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, National Greenhouse Gas Programme, IGES.
  4. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2015). $CO_2$ Emissions from fuel combustion 2015.
  5. Jin, H. G., Lee, T.W., Park, H.N., Son, J. H.. Kim, S. K., Hong, J. H., Jeon, S. Z., Kim, J. S. and Choi, K.H. (2014). "An estimation of age-, power-, and type-specific emission inventories for construction equipments using improved methodologies and emission factors." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, KOSAE, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp.555-568 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.6.555
  6. Kang, M. Y. (2010). A study on methodology of enviroment impact assessment for greenhouse gases : the case of highway construction, Master Thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. pp. 18-19 (in Korean).
  7. Kim, B. S. (2014). "A study on $CO_2$ emission factor for earth-work equipment using C-FVM." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp.999-1006 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2014.34.3.0999
  8. Kim, B. S. and Jang, W. S. (2013). "A study on comparing the $CO_2$ emission estimating result for construction equipment." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp.1675-1682 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2013.33.4.1675
  9. Kim, B. S., Jang W. S. and Lee, D. W. (2015). "Analysis of the $CO_2$ emission characteristics of earthwork equipment." Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.1-9.
  10. Kim, J. H. (2007). A study on the mechanical characteristics and the strength in pyoseonri basalt, Master Thesis, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea, pp.37-39 (in Korean).
  11. Kwon, S. H. (2008). Development of assessment model for environmental economics of construction projects, Ph.D. Dissertation, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (in Korean).
  12. Lim, J. H., Jung, S. W., Lee, T. W., Kim, J. C., Seo, C. Y., Ryu, J. H., Hwang, J. W., Kim, S. M. and Eom, D. S. (2009). "A study on calculation of air pollutants emission factors for construction equipment." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, Vol.25, No.3, pp.188-195 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2009.25.3.188
  13. Liu, S., Tao, R. and Tam C. M. (2013). "Optimizing cost and $CO_2$ emission for construction projects using particle swarm optimization." Habitat International, Vol. 37, pp.155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.12.012
  14. Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTMA). (2011). Carbon emission estimating guideline each facilities, Korea (in Korean).
  15. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). (2017). Status report of construction equipments in Korea. Korea (in Korean).
  16. Office for Government Policy Coordination (OGPC). (2014). Roadmap for achieving national GHG reduction targets, Korea (in Korea).
  17. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2004). Exhaust and crankcase emission factors for nonroad engine modeling compression-ignition.
  18. Yu, S. A., Jeong, A. R., Jung, H., Lee, H. W., Gwon, H. B. and Park, Y. S. (2012). "A study on property and $CO_2$ emission factor of domestic fuel." Proceeding of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 2012, No. 5, pp.400-405 (in Korean).