• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2006

A few methodologies have been recently developed to estimate the environmental affect when various materials and components are used in building life cycle. The direct survey method has limitations to analyze the environmental problems because of the limit of survey scope and cost. Therefore, another indirect method has been developed as alternatives. The indirect method is represented as input-output analysis. This paper aimed at analyzing the estimation the environmental affect of building materials and works at building construction, utilizing the input-output analysis as a indirect estimation method. The results suggested that the building works is overally responsible for the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission. In other words, Over the 80% of the total consumption and $CO_2$ emission are resulted at the building work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2018

Compression ignition diesel engine can reduce carbon emission than gasoline engine in case of high efficiency, output and durability. So, compression ignition diesel engine is used in various fields such as automobiles, industries and so on. Due to reducing of emission exhaust by Developing of injection and combustion type of diesel engine, emission of pollution substance is developed compared the past. Moreover, its efficiency and reduce of carbon emission is better than gasoline engine and it is used in power source of industries, transports and others because of its high efficiency and durability nowadays. In this study, we experiment by making and designing of compression ignition diesel engine witch has air-cooling, 2 cylinder and 2 strokes.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.153-153
• /
• 2010

The world is moving towards a post-carbon society and needs clean and renewable energy for sustainable development. There are many methodological approaches which are helping this shift based on analyzed data about energy resources and which focus on limited types of energy including liquid fossil, solid fossil, gaseous fossil, and biomass (e.g. IPCC Guidelines, ISO 14064-1, WRI Protocol, etc.). We should also consider environmental impact (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions, water use, etc.) and the economic cost of the renewable energy to make a better decision. Recently, researchers have addressed the environmental impact of new technologies which include photovoltaics, wind turbines, hydroelectric power, and biofuel. In this work, we analyze the environmental impact with a carbon emission factor to present a correlation between $CO_2$ emission and the cost of energy resources standardized by the energy output. In addition, we reviewed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as another methodology. Researchers who are studying energy systems have ignored the impacts of entire energy systems, e.g. the extraction and processing of fossil fuels. In power sector, the assessment should include extraction, processing, and transportation of fuels, building of power plants, production of electricity, and waste disposal. Therefore LCA could be more suitable tool for energy cost and environmental impact estimation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2016

Along with China's increasing share in global total $CO_2$ emissions, there is a necessity for China to shoulder large emission-mitigating responsibility. The appropriate allocation of $CO_2$ emission quotas can build up a solid foundation for future emissions trading. In views of originality, an optimized approach to determine $CO_2$ emissions allocation efficiency based on the zero sum gains data envelopment analysis (ZSG-DEA) method is proposed. This paper uses a non-radial ZSG-DEA model to allocate $CO_2$ emissions between different Chinese provinces by 2020 and treats $CO_2$ as the undesirable output variable. Through the calculation of efficiency allocation amounts of provincial $CO_2$ emissions, all provinces are on the ZSG-DEA efficiency frontier. The allocation results indicate that the cumulative optimal amounts of $CO_2$ emissions in 2020 were higher than the actual amounts in 13 provinces, and lower in other 17 provinces, and show that different provinces have to shoulder different mitigation burdens in terms of emission reduction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.11
• /
• pp.4282-4286
• /
• 2023

Nuclear energy is estimated by the machine learning method as the mathematical quantifications where neural networking is the major algorithm of the data propagations from input to output. As the aspect of nuclear energy, the other energy sources of the traditional carbon emission-characterized oil and coal are compared. The artificial intelligence (AI) oriented algorithm like the intelligence of a robot is applied to the modeling in which the mimicking of biological neurons is utilized in the mathematical calculations. There are graphs for nuclear priority weighted by climate factor and for carbon dioxide mitigation weighted by climate factor in which the carbon dioxide quantities are divided by the weighting that produces some results. Nuclear Priority and CO2 Mitigation values give the dimensionless values that are the comparative quantities with the normalization in 2010. The values are 1.0 in 2010 of the graphs which are changed to 24.318 and 0.0657 in 2040, respectively. So, the carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.193-195
• /
• 2011

Nowadays, climatic environment change has become a major issue in the world. This causes major emissions of carbon dioxide industries steel industry, thermal power industry, cement industry is essential in the reduction of carbon dioxide, which is based on total carbon dioxide emissions account for most of the construction industry in an effort to minimize the environmental load is needed. accordingly, through case studies, It can be induce the selection to minimize environmental load by comparing the output of quantitative energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per constructional methods. As a result of this study, RC Structure was less environmental load than SC structure.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2014

This study aims to determine whether or not the input output life cycle assessment (I-O LCA) model can be used to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of buildings in initial planning phase. To ensure this end, this study proposed I-O LCA model which is the simplified LCA model and Hybrid LCA model which is the detailed LCA model, and then assessed and compared the CO2 emission of six case projects (three apartment complexes and three educational facilities) using the two LCA model. The results of the case study showed that the CO2 emissions assessed by the I-O LCA is significantly similar to the CO2 emission assessed by the Hybrid LCA model. The similarity of results from both LCA models was 78.2-86.3% in apartment complexes and 59.9-84.8% in educational facilities. However, the CO2 emissions from I-O LCA model were smaller than the CO2 emissions from Hybrid LCA model in case study. Nevertheless, the case study showed that the I-O LCA model was capable of assessing the CO2 emission of buildings quite appropriately although the I-O LCA model is the simplified LCA model which considers only the construction cost. The I-O LCA model is expected to be a useful tool for assessing the CO2 emission of buildings in initial planning phase.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.441-468
• /
• 2004

We estimate carbon embodied in the export goods of Korea. A commodity-by-industry IO model ($CO_2$ hybrid IO model) is constructed for the estimation. In the model, all monetary units of energy commodities are converted to physical unit, carbon tons. Results show that total $CO_2$ embodied in the exports of non-energy goods of Korea equals 51.18 million carbon ton or 44% of total $CO_2$ emissions in Korea in 2000. Overall carbon intensity of export goods is estimated as 0.227 carbon ton per million Won. These findings suggest Korea's responsibility on global warming may be imputed to the countries who import and consume Korean goods. It is in accordance with the user pay principle. It is also argued that if UNFCCC impose the burden of $CO_2$ mitigation on importing countries rather than exporting countries, we can prevent '$CO_2$ emission leakages' effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.243-246
• /
• 2010

Recently, global warming problem is a major issue in international community. The carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emissions in the construction industry is one of the main factors causing a global warming problem. Accordingly, various researches on $CO_2$ emissions caused by the construction industry is needed and construction methods which is low $CO_2$ emissions should be developed. In this study, $CO_2$emission cost is compared with roof waterproofing types in construction phase. As a result, the $CO_2$ emission costs of asphalt waterproofing is the highest. This research is to provide basic information for selecting appropriate construction methods in aspect of low $CO_2$ emission cost.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 2017

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the lean combustion limit and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.