• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.03b
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• pp.41-41
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• 2010

We present facile chemical route stabilizing dispersion of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in ZnOsol prepared by using diethanolamine as a stabilizer. The dispersion was stabilized via capping of carboxyl groups on the SWCNT surface by a titania layer. We also demonstrated that the conductivity of the films prepared P3/$TiO_2$/ZnO as enhanced by therml treatment, and thethermal stbility of the film improved hybridization with ZnO sol pristine P3, P3/$SiO_2$ and P3/$TiO_2$ hybrid films.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.606-606
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• 2013

ZnO nanowire를 기반으로 하는 nanogenerator는 미세한 움직임을 전기 에너지로 변환 시키는 압전 에너지 하베스팅 기술로 기존 에너지 하베스터와 비교하여 사용환경의 제약이 적고, 소형화가 가능한 장점으로 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 혈류, 심장박동, 호흡 등 인체 활동 에너지를 이용한 발전 소자 등의 활용이 가능하여 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 최근 발표된 film like generator나 lateral 구조의 nanogenerator는 nanowire의 구조 취약성으로 인해 내구성이 좋지 못한 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 nanogenerator의 내구성을 향상시키기 위해 capping layer로 실리콘 계 유무기 하이브리드를 적용하고자 하였다. 또한 상부 전극을 CNT-Ag소재로 대체하여 유연기판에 대응코자 하였다. 코팅 물질 및 코팅 방법을 최적화하고, 내구성 테스트를 실시하였고, 소자의 발전 특성은 PVDF generator와 비교분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.283.1-283.1
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• 2013

ZnO nanowire를 기반으로 하는 nanogenerator는 미세한 움직임을 전기 에너지로 변환 시키는 압전 에너지 하베스팅 기술로 기존 에너지 하베스터와 비교하여 사용환경의 제약이 적고, 소형화가 가능한 장점으로 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 혈류, 심장박동, 호흡 등 인체 활동 에너지를 이용한 발전 소자 등의 활용이 가능하여 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 최근 발표된 film like Vertical 구조의 nanogenerator는 nanowire의 구조 취약성으로 인해 내구성이 좋지 못한 단점이 있다. 또한 ZnO nanowire의 내부 O2 결함 및 표면 OH-기의 흡착에 의한 특성 저하가 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 nanogenerator의 내구성을 향상시키기 위해 capping layer로 실리콘 계 유무기 하이브리드를 적용하여 코팅 물질 및 코팅 방법을 최적화 하였으며 상부 전극을 CNT-Ag nanowire 소재로 대체하여 유연기판에 대응코자 하였다. 또한 APP(Atmosphere Pressure Plasma)와 ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)장비를 사용하여 ZnO nanowire를 표면처리하였고, 각각의 플라즈마 표면처리의 영향에 대해 조사하였다. XPS를 통하여 OH-기의 제거 유무를 확인하였으며, 소자의 발전 특성의 향상을 확인 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.614-618
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• 2006

The thermal stability of Cu/Ti(or Ta)/NiSi contacts was investigated. Ti(Ta)-capping layers deposited to form NiSi was utilized as the Cu diffusion barrier. Ti(Ta)/NiSi contacts was thermally stable upto $600^{\circ}C$. However when Cu/Ti(Ta)/NiSi contacts were furnace-annealed at $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ for 40 min., the Cu diffusion was found to be effectively suppressed, but NiSi was dissociated and then Ni diffused into the Cu layer to form Cu-Ni solutions. On the other hand, the Ni diffusion did not occur for the Al/Ti/NiSi system. The thermal instability of Cu/Ti(Ta)/NiSi contacts was attributed to the high heat of solution of Ni in Cu.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1663-1674
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• 2018

We propose the Poynting vector analysis of the air mode in a top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) by combining the transfer matrix method and dipole source term. The spatial profiles of the time-averaged optical power flow of the air mode are calculated inside and outside the multilayer structure of the OLED with respect to the thickness of the semi-transparent top cathode and capping layer (CPL). We elucidate how the micro-cavity effect controlled by the thickness variation of the semi-transparent top cathode or CPL affects the internal optical power and absorption loss inside the OLED multilayer and the external optical power coupled into the air. When the calculated absorption loss and external power obtained by the proposed Poynting vector and currently-used point dipole models are compared, two calculation results are identical, which demonstrates the validity of the two models.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.391-394
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• 2004

In this study, highly thermal stable Ni Germanosilicide has been utilized using NiPt alloy and novel NiPt/Co/TiN tri-layer. And, the Ni Germanosilicide Properties were characterized according to different Ge ratio (x) in $Si_{l-x}Ge_x$ for the next generation CMOS application. The sheet resistance of Ni Germanosilicide utilizing pure-Ni increased dramatically after the post-silicidation annealing at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Moreover, more degradation was found as the Ge fraction increases. However, using the proposed NiPt/Co/TiN tri-layer, low temperature silicidation and wide range of RTP process window were achieved as well as the improvement of the thermal stability according to different Ge fractions by the subsequent Co and TiN capping layer above NiPt on the $Si_{l-x}Ge_x$. Therefore, highly thermal immune Ni Germanosilicide up to $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min is utilized using the NiPt/Co/TiN tri-layer promising for future SiGe based ULSI technology.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.12-15
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• 2004

There are two major approaches to obtain texture template for HTS coated conductor (CC) ---IBAD and RABiTS. CC's with IBAD template showed both longer and higher Ic results so far. IBAD for CC began with YSZ, the processing of which is very slow compared to other processings needed for the fabrication of CC. Because of this very slow processing speed, IBAD with other materials such as Gd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_{7}$(GZO) and MgO have been developed. The processings of IBAD-GZO and IBAD-MgO are known to be up to 3times and 100 times. respectively, as fast as the processing of IBAD-YSZ. IBAD-MgO is very attractive in that the processing is very fast. IBAD-MgO also needs additional buffer layer(s). Many materials are being investigated to be used as a buffer layer on top of the MgO. BaZrO$_3$ (BZO) is a good candidate as the buffer layer on top of the IBAD-MgO because it is chemically stable and does not react with YBCO at high temperatures. It also has good lattice match with MgO. The BZO film has been deposited on single crystal MgO, and YBCO film was deposited on BZO/MgO to investigate the possibility of using BZO as both the buffer and capping layer of the CC.C.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.136-139
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• 2006

The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), in general, decrease abruptly above 250$^{\circ}C$ due to Mn interdiffusion from an antiferromagnet IrMn layer to a ferromagnetic CoFe and/or a tunnel barrier. To improve thermal stability, we prepared MTJs with nano-oxide layers. Using a MTJ structure consisting of underlayer CoNbZr 4/bufferlayer CoFe 10/antiferromaget IrMn 7.5/pinned layer CoFe 3/tunnel barrier AlO/freelayer CoFe 3/capping CoNbZr 2 (nm), we placed a nano-oxide layer (NOL) into the underlayer or bufferlayer. Then, the thermal, structural and magneto-electric properties were measured. The TMR ratio, surface flatness, and thermal stability of the MTJs with NOLs were promoted.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the color of low viscosity bulk-fill resin with a capping layer and to compare it with the color of microhybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: A low viscosity bulk-fill resin (SDR) and microhybrid composite resin of shade A2 (A2) or A3 (A3) were fabricated to 4 mm thickness and light cured for 20 seconds. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ values of the resin specimens were measured with a colorimeter. Then shade A2 and A3 microhybrid composite resin was capped over low viscosity bulk-fill resins in 2 mm thickness (SA2, SA3). The resin specimens were light cured for 20 seconds and the color was measured and analyzed (n = 10). Color differences (${\Delta}E$) between SA2 and A2, SA3 and A3 were also calculated. Results: $L^*$ value was highest in SDR followed by SA2 and SA3. $L^*$ value of A2 and A3 was the lowest. $a^*$ value was lowest in SDR followed by SA2 and SA3, and A2 and A3 was the highest. $b^*$ value was lowest in SDR followed by A2 and SA2, and A3 and SA3 was the highest. ${\Delta}E$ between A2 and SA2 (${\Delta}E=3.4$), and that between A3 and SA3 (${\Delta}E=3.1$) was lower than the perceptible color difference threshold of ${\Delta}E=3.7$. Conclusion: ${\Delta}E$ between low viscosity bulk-fill resin with a capping layer and microhybrid resin was lower than the perceptible color difference threshold.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

This study was performed to verify the possibility of MTA and calcium sulfate as a pulp capping agent through comparing the dental pulp response in dogs after capping with MTA, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. 24 teeth of 2 dogs, 8 month old, were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, cervical cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed with sterilized #2 round bur in a high speed handpiece. MTA calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate were applied on the exposed pulp. Then the coronal openin,fs were sealed with IRM and light-cured composite. Two months after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The extracted teeth were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution and were decalcified in formic acid-sodium citrate. They were prepared for histological examination in the usual manner. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In MTA group, a hard tissue bridges formation and newly formed odontoblasts layer was observed. There was no sign of pulp inflammatory reaction in pulp tissue. In calcium hydroxide group, there was no odontoblast layer below the dentin bridge. In pulpal tissue, chronic inflammatory reaction with variable intensity and extension occurred in all samples. In calcium sulfate group, newly formed odontoblast layer was observed below the bridge. Mild chronic inflammation with a few neutrophil infiltrations was observed on pulp tissue. These results suggest that MTA is more biocompatible on pulp tissue than calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate.