• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

A total of twenty, 2-wk-old male broiler chickens were allotted into control diet(CON) or a diet supplemented with 1% ground grape seed(GGS). They had free access to feed and water for 3 wk. Growth performance and antioxidant markers in plasma, intestine and liver were determined. Dietary addition of 1% GGS did not affect weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and organ weight in 35 day-old broiler chickens significantly. There was no difference in plasma levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT and LDH activity. However, total antioxidant status(TAS) in blood increased(P<0.05) in chickens fed the diet supplemented with 1% GGS compared to those fed the control diet. In addition, the specific activity of intestinal superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased(P<0.05) in birds fed the diet supplemented with GGS. However, the activities of intestinal gluthathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and gluthathione -S- transferase(GST) and hepatic SOD, GSHPx and GST were not affected by the dietary GGS. The levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in the small intestine and liver were not different between the two groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1% GGS did not result in a negative effect on growth performance. In addition, some antioxidant indicators including blood TAS and intestinal SOD were markedly elevated in response to dietary GGS. Therefore, dietary addition of 1% GGS may be beneficial to improve antioxidant capacity in broiler chicken.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1992

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in moist soil and fresh water, enters the body via the nasal mucosa and migrates along the olfactory nerve to t he brain, where it causes acute amoebic meningoencephalitis. In the present study 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against N. fowleri were produced and the effector function of them was investigated. Their isotopes were IgGl (Nf 1, Nf 154), 19G3 (Nf 137) and 19A (Nf 1, Nf 2, Nf 256, Nf 279). Five McAbs (McAb Nf 2, Nf 279, Nf 27, Nf 154, Nf 137) were specific for N. fowleri by ELISA and recognized the antigenic determinants located on the trophoBoite surface by IFAT and immunoperoxidase stain. These aye McAbs had capacity to agglutinate N. fowleri trophozoites and inhibited the growth of the amoeba in culture medium. McAb Nf 2 inhibited proliferation of trophozoites in vitro significantly. Also the cytotoxicity of JV. fowleri against CHO cell was reduced in the presence of McAb Nf 2 and McAb Nf 154. From these results McAb Nf 2 was confirmed to weaken the virulence of the amoeba among 7 screened McAbs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts and fractions from papaya seed were investigated in vitro. Total polyphenol contents of methanol extracts and fractions from papaya seed varied from 17.74 to 125.99 ${\mu}g/mg$ and total flavonoid contents varied from 1.60 to 32.69 ${\mu}g/mg$. Contents of polyphenol and flavonoid in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was found to be extremely high (compared with the other fractions examined). Radical-scavenging activities of methanol extracts and fractions were examined using ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide assay. As a result, ethyl acetate fraction of papaya seed showed the highest radical-scavenging activity in various antioxidant systems. The EtOAc fraction from papaya seed induced QR activity in concentrations of 12.5 to 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold induction at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of fraction. Therefore, the most effective QR inducer among these fractions can be said to reside in the EtOAc fraction, indicating that strong constituents responsible for QR induction potency in the papaya seed extract are largely contained in the EtOAc fraction.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of dietary supplements such as probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar on growth performance and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. One hundred fifty pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$; $32.3{\pm}1.3 kg$ average initial body weight) were used for a 100 day experiment. Pigs were randomly placed into one of five experimented diet groups (control, 0.2% probiotics, 1.0% illite, 1.0% active carbon, and 1.0% hardwood vinegar) and were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight. The addition of 1.0% active carbon and hardwood vinegar caused a decrease in free water while, WHC (water holding capacity) was higher compared with controls. Drip loss in hog flesh was decreased by feeding probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar. Cooking loss was decreased when hogs were fed hardwood vinegar. Lightness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) were no difference between the all treatment groups, yellowness ($b^*$) was higher when feeding active carbon and hardwood vinegar by 1.0%. When hogs were fed hardwood vinegar, drip loss was decreased, and meat color was higher in sensory evaluation of fresh meat. In cooked hog meat, meat color and juiciness were higher in hogs fed hardwood vinegar. These results showed that supplementing hog diets with 1.0% hardwood vinegar may noticeably improve the meat quality of finishing hogs.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to find individual user's preference for cloud storage service such as Daum Cloud, Naver N-Drive, GoogleDrive, Dropbox, SkyDrive and iCloud. Through literature reviewed and pilot tests, 6 attributes of cloud storage service (storage capacity, perceived cost, collaboration, accessibility, social influence and perceived security) were selected and all 6 attributes had significant effects on the preference of cloud storage service by conjoint analysis. The results shows that the user's willingness to pay is estimated 10,553 won for the free storage, 4,646 won for the function for mobile accessibility, and 2,443 won for more reliable cloud computing service provider. This study has significance to apply conjoint analysis with economic, technological, and environmental factors to cloud storage service (SaaS) and shed light on policy promotion of next generation of cloud computing ecosystem by user perception with willingness to pay on the storage service.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1982

Recently, estuary reserovoirs have been actively constructed in Korea and also in Japan there are a large number of estuary reservoirs constructed. But most of the estuary reservoirs are located at the downstream of a river where geographical condition is best for the construction of an enclosing dam. And an effective utilization of water from the estuary reservoir seems to be difficult even if estuary reservoirs are considered to be the water resources the most available for their watershed. Studies on estuary reservoirs so far have been mainly concentrated on the physical and engineering problems of the dam construction itself. The purpose of the present study is to review the estuary reservoir planning in connection with the water resources development and to study a basis of the planning. First, the levels of water use in Korea and Japan were compared with those of other countries in the world. And then, some representative reservoirs were selected to study the roles of a reservoir and water-using conditions in the watershed. Based on the study, a survey was given on the relation between a dam construction upstream and an estuary reservoir construction downstream of a river. Finally, a comprehensive examination was made of the bases of estuary reservoir planning. (1) The estuary reservoir planning is deeply related to the plan for water use develo- pment in the watershed. After the upstream water resources were fully developed up to the most, water reso- urces development by an estuary reservoir should be started. (2) If an estuary lake has a capacity big enough, it can store flood discharge of the watershed without any loss and become a basic facility that will bring about the maxi- mum use of water from the watershed. (3) Estuary reservoirs store water used in the upstream watershed, so recycling of water use is attained by the reservoir. Water in the estuary lake is difficult to be fresh water in its long run. Therefore, estuary reservoir should be located at a place where polluted water is purified and refused. All the planning should be based on the assumption that water in the estuary lake is not fresh but polluted after a long time. (4) The estuary lake can only supply water to the lower basin directly. But the upstream area is benefited from the estuary lake by exchange of irrigation water sources between the lower and the upper area. So a large-scale exchange plan between new and existing water resources is important. By constructing estuary reservoirs and the exchange of water sources between upper and lower areas, the reasonable maximum use of water from the whole watershed is at- tained. (5) The big problem coming from the water resources development by an enclosing estuary is salt water intrusion into the lake. To maintain the estuary lake salt-free, multi-purpose use of the lake should be avoided. It is necessary to take such fundamental measures as abolition of back flow operation of gate, and the closing of the fish port and the fish ladder. The results mentioned above were found in this study and these results of this study could be used for the adequate planning of estuary reservoirs in connection with the maximum water use of the watershed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.526-531
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• 2020

Manganese ions contained in water phase are acting as a toxic substance in the human body and also known to affect the nervous system. In particular, effective treatment technology is required since manganese removal is difficult due to its high solubility in a wide pH range. In this study, Prinus densiflora bark was chemically modified with hydrogen peroxide, and the modified adsorbent was used for removing manganese ions in an aqueous solution. The modified adsorbent showed high removal capacity of 82.1 and 56.2%, respectively, at conditions of 5 and 10 mg/L manganese ions. Also, the adsorption isotherm from the data was applied to the theoretical equation. As a result, the adsorption behavior of manganese ions was better suited to the Langmuir than Freundlich model, and it was also found from kinematics that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was more suitable. In addition, the changes of Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption reaction became more spontaneously with increasing temperature. Consequently, these experimental results may be used as a water treatment technology which can efficiently treat manganese ions contained in water.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of addition of mugwort and carcass grade on the quality and sensory properties of loin hams. The volatile basic nitrogen, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total bacterial count, water holding capacity and calorie of loin hams were not significantly different among hams, but the pH and residual nitrite of loin hams with mugwort were significantly lower than that of loin hams without mugwort. The fat content of grade B loin hams were higher than that of grade E loin hams, and the protein and total amino acid content of grade E loin hams were higher than that of grade B loin hams. The free amino acid, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were not significantly different among loin hams. The $L^{＊}$ value of grade B loin hams were higher than that of grade E loin hams, the a value of grade E loin hams were higher than that of grade B loin hams, and the $b^{＊}$ value was not significantly different among loin hams. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were not significantly different among loin hams. The aroma of loin hams without mugwort were superior than that of loin hams with mugwort, and the juiciness of grade B loin hams were superior than that of grade E loin hams. But the color, taste, texture and palatability were not significantly different among loin hams.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of Yacon (Polymnia Sonchifolia) powder. The proximate composition of Yacon powder as a dry matter basis was 3.53% moisture content, 1.13% crude protein, 0.40% crude fat, 0.79% crude ash, 1.63% dietary fiber and 92.52% carbohydrate. The major free sugars were identified as fructose and glucose. Analysing total amino acids, 18 kinds of components were isolated from Yacon powder. The essential amino acid contained in Yacon powder accounted for 28.40% of total amino acid, while the non-essential amino acid accounted for 73.61%. Analysing total fatty acids, only 2 kinds - palmitic acid and lauric acid - were detected. Oxalic acid was the major organic acid. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E were 0.057 mg%, 0.670 mg% and 0.001 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of Yacon powder were in the order of Zn

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

Jacked pile that involves the use of hydraulic jacks to press the piles into the ground is free from noise and vibration, and is possibly installed within a limited construction area. Thus, as an alternative to conventional pile driving methods, pile jacking could become widely accepted for the construction projects in urban area (e.g., reconstruction or remodeling construction projects). Great concern has arisen over the prediction of axially loaded jacked pile behavior. Against this background, a series of pile load tests were hence conducted on a jacked steel pipe pile installed in weathered zone (i.e., weathered soil and weathered rock). From the test results, base resistance and shaft resistance for each test condition were evaluated and compared with the values predicted by the previous driven pile resistance assessment method. Test results showed that the previous driven pile resistance assessment method highly underestimated both the base and shaft resistances of a jacked pile; differences were more obviously observed with the shaft resistance. The reason for this discrepancy is that a driven pile normally experiences a larger number of loading/unloading cycles during installation, and therefore shows significantly degraded stiffness of surrounding soil. Based on the results of the pile load tests, particular attention was given to the modification of the previous driven pile resistance assessment method for investigating the axially loaded jacked pile behavior.