• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2021

Mackerel Scomber japonicus is an excellent source of vitamins (A, D and B₁₂), omega-3 fatty acids, dietary protein and minerals. This study was conducted to prepare mackerel-based processed seafood products such as grilled product with super-heated (GM), tang (TM) and salad with sweet potato (SSM) using mackerel as senior-friendly seafoods and to examine their quality characteristics. The hardness of GM, TM and SSM were 240.3×1.0³, 21.7×1.0³ and 7.4×1.0³ N/m², respectively. The viscosity of SSM was 25,450 m·Pas. The nutritional content of mackerel-processed products was within the senior-friendly standard specifications for protein, vitamin C, vitamin B₂ (riboflavin) and vitamin B₃ (niacin) ing GM, protein, vitamin B₃ and calcium for TM, and protein, vitamin D, vitamin B₂ and vitamin B₃ in SSM. All the mackerel-processed products were safe as senior-friendly seafoods, since digestibility rates were 81.5% for GM, 87.9% for TM and 93.5% for SSM. The physical, nutritional and the sanitation results indicated that senior-friendly seafoods classified of the mackerel-processed products was step 1 for GM, step 2 for TM and step 3 for SSM according to the Korean Food Code and Korean Indusrty Standards.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.655-667
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• 2019

This research aims to identify the possibility of developing A horizon resources that can be used for construction and civil engineering work. As such, the utility of A horizon resources was examined by establishing planting ground through a mixture of soil layers and by analyzing the growth and development of Pinus densiflora. The physicochemical and physical properties of the soil were as follows: the A horizon was sandy clay loam, B horizon was sandy loam, and the mixture of two layers appeared as sandy loam, which was identical to the B horizon. The experimental groups did not show any significant difference in their physical properties of porosity and degree of water-stable aggregates. With regards to chemical properties, the A horizon as well as the mixture of A and B horizon showed acidity while the B horizon showed alkalinity. The figures of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, and replaceable potassium were greater as the A horizon content increased, whereas the figures of replaceable calcium, replaceable magnesium, and conductivity increased as the A horizon content decreased. As a result of the growth and development of Pinus densiflora in each planting ground, the final survival rates were all above 100%. However, the tree height and the rate of growth for the diameter of root were higher in the order of A horizon > A horizon + B horizon > B horizon,indicating that the increased A horizon content is related to the growth and development of Pinus densiflora. The treatment of soil with improvement agents, used to recover the functions of in-situ soil showing poor growth and development, did not have a clear impact on the soil texture and porosity. However, the degree of water-stable aggregates increased significantly when using O horizon as the soil improvement agent among the types of in-situ soil. In contrast, all items related to the chemical properties showed significant differences following the treatment by soil improvement agents. The survival rate according to the treatment of soil improvement agents for the growth and development of Pinus densiflora was higher in the order of organic horizon = no treatment > compound fertilizer > organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer > organic fertilizer; this result was statistically significant with a marginal significance value of the log-rank test(p < 0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1942-1949
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• 2019

Objective: Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is associated with several physiological processes including inflammation, tumorigenesis, and natural killer T cell generation. Chicken LECT2 (chLECT2) gene was originally identified as one of the differentially expressed genes in chicken kidney tissue, where the chickens were fed with different calcium doses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and gene expression of chLECT2 were analyzed under the stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand to understand the involvement of chLECT2 expression in chicken metabolic disorders. Methods: Amino acid sequence of LECT2 proteins from various species including fowl, fish, and mammal were retrieved from the Ensembl database and subjected to Insilco analyses. In addition, the time- and dose-dependent expression of chLECT2 was examined in DF-1 cells which were stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C]), a TLR3 ligand. Further, to explore the transcription factors required for the transcription of chLECT2, DF-1 cells were treated with poly (I:C) in the presence or absence of the nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF{\kappa}B$) and activated protein 1 (AP-1) inhibitors. Results: The amino acid sequence prediction of chLECT2 protein revealed that along with duck LECT2 (duLECT2), it has unique signal peptide different from other vertebrate orthologs, and only chLECT2 and duLECT2 have an additional 157 and 161 amino acids on their carboxyl terminus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that chLECT2 is evolved from a common ancestor along with the actinopterygii hence, more closely related than to the mammals. Our quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that, the expression of chLECT2 was up-regulated significantly in DF-1 cells under the stimulation of poly (I:C) (p<0.05). However, in the presence of $NF{\kappa}B$ or AP-1 inhibitors, the expression of chLECT2 is suppressed suggesting that both $NF{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 transcription factors are required for the induction of chLECT2 expression. Conclusion: The present results suggest that chLECT2 gene might be a target gene of TLR3 signaling. For the future, the expression pattern or molecular mechanism of chLECT2 under stimulation of other innate immune receptors shall be studied. The protein function of chLECT2 will be more clearly understood if further investigation about the mechanism of LECT2 in TLR pathways is conducted.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고추(Capsicum annuum L.) 수확 후 버려지는 잔재물의 활용가치를 위해 이들로부터 추출한 발효추출물과 열수추출물의 생리활성과 세포독성을 분석하였다. 녹광고추 발효추출물에 함유된 질소, 인산, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘 성분의 총 함량은 청양고추 발효추출물 보다 2배 정도 높았고, 열수추출물에서는 유사한 함량을 보였다. 미량원소 중에는 붕산, 철, 규소 성분만 검출되고, 아연, 망간, 몰리브덴, 구리 성분은 두 추출물 모두에서 검출되지 않았다. 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 청양고추와 녹광고추 모두에서 발효추출물이 열수추출물 보다 2배 이상 높게 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거 능력은 발효추출물이 열수추출물 보다 항산화력이 높게 나타내었으나, ABTS radical 소거 능력은 열수추출물이 발효추출물 보다 항산화력이 높게 나왔다. MTT assay를 이용한 추출물의 세포독성 실험에서는 청양고추와 녹광고추 두 추출물의 모든 농도에서 세포독성이 미약한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 고추 수확 후 버려지는 잔재물이 천연 기능성 물질추출을 위한 소재로 이용되거나 또한 그 추출물이 각종 바이오 소재로 활용되어도 큰 문제가 없으리라 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2021

칼슘-의존성 단백질 카이네이즈(CDPK)는 식물의 Ca2+ 매개 신호 전달에 필수적인 역할을 한다. CDPK는 염분, 저온, 가뭄 등과 같은 비생물적 스트레스에 대한 식물의 반응을 조절하는 데 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 벼의 CDPK는 31개의 유전자로 구성된 거대 다유전자군으로 되어 있지만, 단지 일부 벼의 CDPK 기능만이 확인되었다. 따라서, 벼에서 OsCPK11의 기능을 알아보기 위해, 이 연구는 염분, 저온 및 가뭄과 같은 비생물적 스트레스 조건에서 벼의 야생형과 ND0001 oscpk11 돌연변이체의 OsCPK11 발현 분석에 초점을 맞추었다. 염분, 저온, 가뭄 스트레스 처치를 위해 유식물을 각각 200 mM NaCl, 4℃, 20% PEG 6,000에 노출시켰다. 야생형과 ND0001 돌연변이체에서 OsCPK11의 발현을 확인하기 위해 RT-PCR과 quantitative real-time PCR을 수행하였다. RT-PCR 결과에 의하면, 야생형과 이형접합성 돌연변이체에서는 OsCPK11 전사체가 검출되었지만, 동형접합성 돌연변이체에서는 검출되지 않았다. Quantitative real-time PCR 결과에 의하면 야생형에서 염분, 저온, 가뭄 스트레스에 의해 OsCPK11의 상대적인 발현이 증가하였으며, 각각 24시간, 6시간, 24시간 후 최대 수준에 도달하였다. ND0001 동형접합성 돌연변이체의 OsCPK11의 상대적 발현은 야생형에 비해 현저히 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 oscpk11 동형접합성 돌연변이체에서는 OsCPK11발현을 완전히 저해하며, OsCPK11유전자 발현 조절이 염분, 저온 및 가뭄 스트레스 신호 전달 과정에 관여할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2020

To investigate the reinforcing effects of functional fillers in nitrile rubber (NBR) materials, high-structure carbon black (HS45), coated calcium carbonate (C-CaCO3), silica (200MP), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as functional filler, and carbon black (SRF) as a common filler were used for oil-resistant rubber. The curing and mechanical properties of HS45-, 200MP-, and MWCNT-filled NBR compounds were improved compared to those of the SRF-filled NBR compound. The reinforcing effect also increased with a decrease in the particle size of the fillers. The C-CaCO3-filled NBR compound exhibited no reinforcing effect with increasing filler concentration because of their large primary particle size (2 ㎛). The reinforcing behavior based on 100% modulus of the functional filler based NBR compounds was compared by using several predictive equation models. The reinforcing behavior of the C-CaCO3-filled NBR compound was in accordance with the Smallwood-Einstein equation whereas the 200MP- and MWCNT-filled NBR compounds fitted well with the modified Guth-Gold (m-Guth-Gold) equation. The SRF- and HS45-filled NBR compounds exhibited reinforcing behavior in accordance with the Guth-Gold and m-Guth-Gold equations, respectively, at a low filler content. However, the values of reinforcement parameter (100Mf/100Mu) of the SRF- and HS45-filled NBR compounds were higher than those determined by the predictive equation model at a high filler content. Because the chains of SRF composed of spherical filler particles are similarly changed to rod-like filler particles embedded in a rubber matrix and the reinforcement parameter rapidly increased with a high content of HS45, the higher-structured filler. The reinforcing effectiveness of the functional fillers was numerically evaluated on the basis of the effectiveness index (��SRF/��f) determined by the ratio of the volume fraction of the functional filler (��f) to that of the SRF filler (��SRF) at three unit of reinforcing parameter (100Mf/100Mu). On the basis of their effectiveness index, MWCNT-, 200MP-, and HS45-filled compounds showed higher reinforcing effectiveness of 420%, 70%, and 20% than that of SRF-filled compound, respectively whereas C-CaCO3-filled compound exhibited lower reinforcing effectiveness of -50% than that of SRF-filled compound.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

산업단지 조성 시 건설폐토석을 활용하기 위해 건설폐기물로부터 선별 처리된 토석에 대하여 물리 역학적 특성과 용출 특성을 분석하였다. 지반 내 알칼리 이온의 확산에 대한 실험은 XRF, ICP방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한, 환경적인 영향을 확인하기 위하여 어류독성시험을 병행하였다. 건설폐토석은 실내실험에서 공학적인 성토기준과 토양오염 기준을 만족하였다. 그러나 건설폐토석과 물이 1:1의 비율로 혼합된 수용액은 알칼리 이온에 의해 높은 농도의 pH를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 수도이온농도가 9.0이상으로 상승하는 주요 원인은 CSH계 시멘트 성분에 의한 수산화칼슘용액인 것으로 추정된다. 건설폐토석 내 높은 pH 농도는 어류의 생태에 독성을 유발하게 된다. 조사자료를 바탕으로 Visual Modflow Ver. 2009를 이용하여 지반 내 pH 농도의 확산범위를 분석하였다. 건설폐토석 내 높은 pH 농도는 시멘트 성분으로 인해 장기간 동안 존재할 수 있으므로 성토 초기에 양질의 화강풍화토와 혼합하여 pH를 조절하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

지하수에 의하여 터널 내로 유입된 수산화칼슘($Ca(OH)_{2}$)이 이산화탄소($CO_{2}$)와 차량의 배기가스($SO_{3}$) 등과 반응하여 그 반응물이 터널의 배수공 내에 침전되어 배수공 클로깅 현상이 발생하였다. 대부분의 반응물은 화학분석 결과 칼사이트의 탄산칼슘 ($CaCO_{3}$)인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 터널의 배수공으로 사용되는 PVC관과 새로운 재질의 배수공인 테프론 코팅강관, 실리콘오일 코팅관, 아크릴관에 CaO 수용액과 터널 배수공 유출수를 흘려보내어 스케일 부착형태를 분석함으로써 배수공의 재질이 스케일 부착에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 그 결과 PVC관에서 가장 많은 양의 스케일이 생성되었고 아크릴관, 실리콘오일 코팅관, 테프론 코팅강관의 순으로 관 표면에 스케일이 적게 부착되었다. 그러나 장기적 시험결과 테프론 코팅강관의 경우 관표면이 터널 유출수에 포함되어 있는 토사로 인하여 손상되어 코팅재의 탈락, 강관의 부식 등이 발생하여 내구성에 문제가 있었다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 품종 및 전처리방법에 따른 복숭아의 냉해동 특성을 비교하였다. 전처리 없이 냉해동한 대옥계와 황도는 변색과 maximum force 증가, 드립로스 발생 현상을 보였는데, 이러한 문제점들은 전처리 방법에 의해 개선할 수 있었다. 전처리 직후 냉동 전에 전처리 별로 수분함량을 비교했을 때 sucrose를 포함한 삼투건조 시 수분이 감소하였으며 이는 해동 후 drip loss 감소에 영향을 주었다. 변색과 성분 및 항산화능력의 감소는 SB 3분 이상, ascorbic acid를 포함한 삼투건조 시 크게 개선되었다. Maximum force는 steam blanching, water blanching 시간이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, ACS의 경우 다른 삼투건조 처리구에 비해 높은 값을 보였다. 두 품종 모두 sucrose를 포함한 삼투건조 시 Brix가 크게 증가하였으며 pH와 산도는 품종 별로 차이는 있었으나 전처리 방법에 따라서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 물성 및 색도, 드립로스 등으로 판단하였을 때 steam blanching 3분 처리구가 전처리 조건 중 가장 적절한 방법으로 생각된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2021

This study was designed to characterize the effect of ginsenoside-Rg2 (Rg2), one of panaxatriol saponins isolated from Korean ginseng root, on the release of catecholamines (CA) in the perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla, and also to establish its mechanism of action. Rg2 (3~30 µM), administered into an adrenal vein for 90 min, depressed acetylcholine (ACh)-induced CA secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Rg2 also time-dependently inhibited the CA secretion induced by 3-(m-chloro-phenyl-carbamoyl-oxy)-2-butynyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (McN-A-343), 1.1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP), and angiotensin II (Ang II). Also, during perfusion of Rg2, the CA secretion induced by high K⁺, veratridine, cyclopiazonic acid, methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate (Bay-K-8644) depressed, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of Rg2 and N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride ʟ-NAME), the CA secretion induced by ACh, Ang II, Bay-K-8644 and veratridine was restored nearly to the extent of their corresponding control level, respectively, compared to those of inhibitory effects of Rg2-treatment alone. Virtually, NO release in adrenal medulla following perfusion of Rg2 was significantly enhanced in comparison to the corresponding spontaneous release. Also, in the coexistence of Rg2 and fimasartan, ACh-induced CA secretion was markedly diminished compared to the inhibitory effect of fimasartan-treated alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Rg2 suppressed the CA secretion induced by activation of cholinergic as well as angiotensinergic receptors from the perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. This Rg2-induced inhibitory effect seems to be exerted by reducing both influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ through their ionic channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by suppressing Ca²⁺ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, at least through the elevated NO release by activation of NO synthase, which is associated to the blockade of neuronal cholinergic and AT₁-receptors. Based on these results, the ingestion of Rg2 may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the cardiovascular diseases, via reduction of CA release in adrenal medulla and consequent decreased CA level in circulation.