• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

본 연구는 컴퓨터 단층촬영(Computed Tomography; 이하 CT)검사 환자를 대상으로 요인별 불안에 따른 지각과 반응의 정도를 파악하고, 변수들 간의 관련성을 분석하여 CT검사 환자의 검사에 대한 인식을 향상시켜 불안을 감소시키기 위한 과학적 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 2010년 7월부터 2010년 9월까지 3개의 대학병원 영상의학과에서 CT검사 환자 263명을 대상으로 구조화된 자기기입식으로 설문조사 를 실시하였다. CT 검사 대상자의 불안에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위해 단변량 분석으로 독립변수의 CT검사 관련 특성에 따른 CT검사 요인별 불안은 환자의 방사선 노출, CT검사 이유, 질병상태 인지여부, 비용 부담자, 경제적 부담, 충분한 설명, 설명 주체에 따른, 내시경 조직검사 유무, 사전 처치에 따른, CT검사 이전에 따른, CT부작용 경험에 따른, 조영제 부작용에 발생에 따른 요인으로 나뉘어지고 종속변수의 불안 요인은 신체적 요인, 병원종사자 요인, 병원환경 요인, 사회경제적 요인으로 나뉘어 SPSS WIN(ver. 13.0) 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, CT검사 환자의 요인별 불안의 지각과 반응의 정도가 경제부담, 상태불안, 전처치 불안, 방사선 노출 불안, 부작용 불안에서 유의한 차이를 보여주고 있다. 따라서 검사의 전처치와 조영제의 화학적 독성, 부작용에 관한 사전교육프로그램 개발을 통해 CT검사 환자들의 검사에 대한 불안을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 이러한 연구를 기초 자료로 CT검사 환자의 불안정도와 불안요인을 감소시키기 위해서 중재 방안이 지속적으로 연구되고 개선되어야 할 것이다. 또한 환자의 경제적 부담이 CT검사 불안에 영향을 미치는 것을 인지하고 사회적으로 해결해 나가야 할 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2019

Background: Patellofemoral pain is one of the common diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Many previous studies have recommended the application of exercise therapy to patellofemoral pain patients for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of coordinative locomotor training (CLT) and sling exercise combined program on knee pain and functional movement in patellofemoral pain patient. Methods: In this study, single-subject design (A-B-A') was conducted for 6 weeks. A repeted-measure analysis was conducted to assess results of the anterior knee pain scale (AKPS), Clarke's test (CT), eccentric step down test (ESDT). During the intervention (B), the CLT and sling exercise combined program was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks. Results: From baseline period A to intervention period B, the AKPS, CT, ESDT were improved from 61 to 48 (27%), from 8.33 to 3 (64%), from 7.67 to 3,58 (53%). From baseline period A to baseline period A', the AKPS, CT, ESDT were improved from 70.67 to 48 (47%), from 0.67 to 3 (92%), from 1.33 to 3,58 (83%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we recommend the application of CLT and sling exercise combined program to improve the pain and functional movement in patellofemoral pain patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2011

Takju is a Korean alcoholic beverage made from rice, and is brewed with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exercise training and moderate Takju consumption on learning ability in 6-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The rats were treated with exercise and alcohol for 4 weeks in six separate groups as follows: non-exercised control (CC), exercised control (EC), non-exercised consuming ethanol (CA), exercised consuming ethanol (EA), non-exercised consuming Takju (CT), and exercised consuming Takju (ET). An AIN-93M diet was provided ad libitum. Exercise training was performed at a speed of 10 m/min for 15 minutes per day. Ethanol and Takju were administered daily for 6-7 hours to achieve an intake of about 10 ml after 12 hours of deprivation, and, thereafter, the animals were allowed free access to deionized water. A Y-shaped water maze was used from the third week to understand the effects of exercise and alcohol consumption on learning and memory. After sacrifice, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was analyzed. Total caloric intake and body weight changes during the experiment were not significantly different among the groups. AChE activity was not significantly different among the groups. The number of errors for position reversal training in the maze was significantly smaller in the EA group than that in the CA and ET groups, and latency times were shorter in the EA group than those in the CC, EC, CT, and ET groups. The latency difference from the first to the fifth day was shortest in the ET group. The exercised groups showed more errors and latency than those of the non-exercised groups on the first day, but the data became equivalent from the second day. The results indicate that moderate exercise can increase memory and learning and that the combination of exercise and Takju ingestion may enhance learning ability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1446-1458
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• 2013

The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4087-4107
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• 2016

The current cloud computing paradigm is still vulnerable to a significant number of system failures. The increasing demand for fault tolerance and resilience in a cost-effective and device-independent manner is a primary reason for creating an effective means to address system dependability and availability concerns. This paper focuses on online failure prediction for cloud computing systems using system runtime data, which is different from traditional tolerance techniques that require an in-depth knowledge of underlying mechanisms. A 'failure prediction' approach, based on Cloud Theory (CT) and the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), is proposed that extends the HMM by training with CT. In the approach, the parameter ω is defined as the correlations between various indices and failures, taking into account multiple runtime indices in cloud computing systems. Furthermore, the approach uses multiple dimensions to describe failure prediction in detail by extending parameters of the HMM. The likelihood and membership degree computing algorithms in the CT are used, instead of traditional algorithms in HMM, to reduce computing overhead in the model training phase. Finally, the results from simulations show that the proposed approach provides very accurate results at low computational cost. It can obtain an optimal tradeoff between 'failure prediction' performance and computing overhead.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제14D권5호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2007

시뮬레이션 시스템의 도입으로 항공, 선박, 의료 분야에서 많은 활용이 이루어졌다. 3차원 시뮬레이션 시스템은 시스템의 자원과 컴퓨터 계산량이 많아 지금까지 그 활용도가 현저히 미비했다. 그러나 그래픽 카드의 성능 및 시뮬레이션 기능이 발전하면서 PC 기반 시뮬레이션이 활성화 되었고, 일선 학교에서의 교육용 소프트웨어로 가능성을 검증 받고 있다. 하지만 일선 교육기관에서 CT 촬영 장비의 구매와 유지를 하기 위해 매우 많은 예산의 편성과 인력을 투자하여야 한다. 이러한 여건 때문에 교육 기관은 병원에 학생을 위탁하여 실습 과정을 간접 경험하게 하거나 단순한 견학에 그치고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 의료 분야의 CT 촬영 장비를 PC기반의 3차원 가상환경에서 직접 조작해 볼 수 있는 체험형 CT 가상현실 교육 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 CT 영상의 대퇴골 부위를 해부학적으로 의미 있게 변형하여 CT 영상의 대퇴골 영역을 분할하기 위한 컨벌루션 신경망(CNN)의 훈련 데이터를 증강하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 CT 영상으로부터 삼차원 삼각형 대퇴골 메쉬를 얻는다. 그 후 메쉬의 국소부위에 대한 기하학적 특성을 계산하고, 군집화하여 메쉬를 의미 있는 부분들로 분할한다. 마지막으로, 분할한 부분들을 적절한 알고리즘으로 변형한 뒤, 이를 바탕으로 CT 영상을 와핑하여 새로운 CT영상을 생성하였다. 본 연구의 데이터 증강 방법을 이용하여 학습시킨 딥러닝 모델은 기하학적 변환이나 색상 변환 같이 일반적으로 사용되는 데이터 증강법과 비교하여 더 나은 영상분할 성능을 보인다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2020

Endoscopic spine surgery is an advanced surgical technique for spinal surgery since it minimizes skin incision, muscle damage, and blood loss compared to open surgery. It requires, however, accurate positioning of an endoscope to avoid spinal nerves and to locate the endoscope near the target disk. Before the insertion of the endoscope, a guide needle is inserted to guide it. Also, the result of the surgery highly depends on the surgeons' experience and the patients' CT or MRI images. Thus, for the training, a number of haptic simulators for spinal needle insertion have been developed. But, still, it is difficult to be used in the medical field practically because previous studies require manual segmentation of vertebrae from CT images, and interaction force between the needle and soft tissue has not been considered carefully. This paper proposes AI-based automatic vertebrae CT-image segmentation and haptic rendering method using the proposed need-tissue interaction model. For the segmentation, U-net structure was implemented and the accuracy was 93% in pixel and 88% in IoU. The needle-tissue interaction model including puncture force and friction force was implemented for haptic rendering in the proposed spinal needle insertion simulator.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.413-425
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• 2022

Objective: We compared appendiceal visualization on 2-mSv CT vs. conventional-dose CT (median 7 mSv) in adolescents and young adults and analyzed the undesirable clinical and diagnostic outcomes that followed appendiceal nonvisualization. Materials and Methods: A total of 3074 patients aged 15-44 years (mean ± standard deviation, 28 ± 9 years; 1672 female) from 20 hospitals were randomized to the 2-mSv CT or conventional-dose CT group (1535 vs. 1539) from December 2013 through August 2016. A total of 161 radiologists from 20 institutions prospectively rated appendiceal visualization (grade 0, not identified; grade 1, unsure or partly visualized; and grade 2, clearly and entirely visualized) and the presence of appendicitis in these patients. The final diagnosis was based on CT imaging and surgical, pathologic, and clinical findings. We analyzed undesirable clinical or diagnostic outcomes, such as negative appendectomy, perforated appendicitis, more extensive than simple appendectomy, delay in patient management, or incorrect CT diagnosis, which followed appendiceal nonvisualization (defined as grade 0 or 1) and compared the outcomes between the two groups. Results: In the 2-mSv CT and conventional-dose CT groups, appendiceal visualization was rated as grade 0 in 41 (2.7%) and 18 (1.2%) patients, respectively; grade 1 in 181 (11.8%) and 81 (5.3%) patients, respectively; and grade 2 in 1304 (85.0%) and 1421 (92.3%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, undesirable outcomes were rare in both groups. Compared to the conventional-dose CT group, the 2-mSv CT group had slightly higher rates of perforated appendicitis (1.1% [17] vs. 0.5% [7], p = 0.06) and false-negative diagnoses (0.4% [6] vs. 0.0% [0], p = 0.01) following appendiceal nonvisualization. Otherwise, these two groups were comparable. Conclusion: The use of 2-mSv CT instead of conventional-dose CT impairs appendiceal visualization in more patients. However, appendiceal nonvisualization on 2-mSv CT rarely leads to undesirable clinical or diagnostic outcomes.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

우리나라는 태권도의 종주국임에도 불구하고 신체활동량과 그에 따른 에너지 소모량에 대한 기초연구가 미흡하며 이에 대한 연구가 시급한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 센서(SenseWear$^{(R)}$ $PRO_2$ Armband)를 이용하여 태권도의 신체활동량을 획득하였고, Inbody 520을 통하여 체성분 데이터를 획득 하였으며, CT로 하체부위(허벅지)를 스캔하여 허벅지 근육면적 데이터를 추출하였다. 획득된 데이터를 이용하여 허벅지 둘레와 근육면적의 상관관계, 허벅지 근육면적과 분당 에너지 소모량의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 실험자 8명의 평균 허벅지 근육면적은 132.79 $cm^2$ 였으며, 무릎뼈(Pattela) 위 20 cm의 평균 허벅지 전체 면적은 178.79 $cm^2$이었다. 실험자들의 허벅지 둘레와 근육면적은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실험자들의 평균 분당 에너지 소모량은 6.94 칼로리였으며, 허벅지 근육면적과 평균 분당 에너지 소모량도 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.