• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.97-118
• /
• 2021

This study empirically examines the effect of the psychological empowerment of airline cabin crews on customer-focused job performance attitude, service behavior by CSM, and service behavior beyond CSM. The research model and associated hypotheses were verified with the structural equation model. The findings of the study reveal that psychological empowerment has a effect on customer-focused job performance attitude and service behavior by CSM, but no effect on service behavior beyond CSM. And it is also shown that customer-focused job performance attitude has an effect on service behavior by CSM but no effect on service behavior beyond CSM. In addition, customer-focused job performance attitude shows a mediating effect between psychological empowerment and service behavior by CSM. On the other hand, it is analyzed that there is no mediating effect between psychological empowerment and service behavior beyond CSM. This study implies that the psychological empowerment and customer-focused job performance attitude of cabin crews are important at point of contact with customers to improve service quality, and psychological empowerment reinforces service behavior by CSM on the premise of customer-focused job performance attitude.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2002

In order to assess the effect of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on meat and wool production, 30 male crossbred lambs (3-4 months) of uniform body weight were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The CSM was processed by three different methods i.e., cooking the meal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes, treatment with 1% calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) for 24 h and iron treatment in the ratio of 1 part free gossypol (FG) to 0.3 parts of iron for 30 minutes. The lambs were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures, containing 30% deoiled peanut meal (reference diet) and 40% of either raw, cooked, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM for 180 days. The raw and variously processed CSM replaced about 50% nitrogen of reference concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum chopped maize (Zea mays) hay. The slaughter weight, empty body weight and carcass weight was higher ($p{\leq}0.01$) in lambs fed cooked CSM incorporated diets, compared to diets containing deoiled peanut meal (DPNM). These parameters were not influenced by feeding diets containing either raw, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM in comparison DPNM diets. The carcass length, loin eye area and edible and inedible portion of carcass and the meat: bone ratio in whole carcass were also not affected by feeding CSM based diets. Among various primal cuts, the yield of legs was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) from raw CSM fed lambs in comparison to DPNM fed lambs. The fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) in lambs fed processed CSM based diets compared to those fed DPNM diet. Replacing DPNM with either raw or processed CSM based diets did not influence the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of meat. The wool yield was higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in iron treated CSM fed lambs. The fibre length and fibre diameter were comparable among lambs on various dietary regimes. Among lambs fed variously processed CSM diets, the feed cost per kg of edible meat production was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) on $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM, followed by cooked CSM diet and then on raw CSM based diets compared to DPNM diet. The CSM after 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment or cooking for 45 minutes appears to be a satisfactory protein supplement in lamb diets for meat and wool production to replace at least 50% nitrogen of scarce and costly peanut meal.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2021

Purpose - We aim to verify whether CSM activities increase investment efficiency, and to verify whether the influence of CSM activities on investment efficiency is discriminatory depending on whether or not they belong to chaebol. Design/methodology/approach - Using 4,701 Korean firm-year observations over the 2011-2017 period, we used multiple regression analysis. CSM is measured by the evaluation score of the Korea Corporate Governance Service (KCGS). Findings - Our study confirms that CSM is a significantly positive relationship with investment efficiency. This shows that, as a result of CSM, the increased earnings quality acts as an incentive to increase investment efficiency. Next, in analysis of a dataset into two groups (a chaebol, non-chaebol), the results show that the relationship between CSM and investment efficiency differs among detailed indicator activities depending on whether or not they belong to chaebol. Research implications or Originality - It is significant that this study focused on and analyzed CSM as a determinant of investment efficiency, and examined the effects of whether or not it belongs to chaebol in the relationship between CSM and investment efficiency. Our results, which suggested that CSM can increase investment efficiency, are expected to provide important implications not only for managers but also for investors and supervisors.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.351-365
• /
• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the value relevance of the relative sizes of the contractual service margin (hereafter CSM) and the risk adjustment for non-financial risk (hereafter RA). Additionally, the paper examines how the relative size of the CSM impacts the relative value relevance of net assets and net income. Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted an empirical analysis utilizing the quarterly financial data and stock price information of domestically listed insures (including life and non-life insurers) from 2023 onwards. Specifically, regression analysis and parallelism tests were employed in the research. Findings - Firstly, the empirical analysis of the value relevance of CSM and RA showed that CSM has a significant positive value relevance with firm value, while RA has a significant negative value relevance with firm value. Secondly, it was found that as the CSM increases, the value relevance of net income increases, whereas the value relevance of net assets decreases. Research implications or Originality - Despite both CSM and RA being components of insurance contract liabilities, their differing impacts on firm value suggest that the capital market has a relatively clear understanding of the characteristics of CSM and RA. The finding that the value relevance of reported current earnings increases with larger CSM indicates that CSM-focused management is desirable from the perspective of enhancing firm value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.1314-1321
• /
• 2006

The objective of this work was to study the effect of mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8 on detoxification of cottonseed meal (CSM), and to investigate the effect of fermentation period, proportion of CSM in substrate, sodium carbonate, minerals and heat treatment on the reduction of free gossypol levels during mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of CSM. Experiment 1: Three groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. tropicalis ZD-3, A. niger ZD-8 or mixed culture (C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8). One non-inoculated group was used as the control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol (FG), CP and in vitro CP digestibility were assayed. The results indicated that mixed culture fermentation was far more effective than single strain fermentation, which not only had higher detoxification rate, but also had higher CP content and in vitro digestibility. Experiment 2: CSM substrates were treated according to experimental variables including fermentation period, proportion of CSM in substrate, sodium carbonate, minerals and heat treatment, Then, the treated CSM substrates were inoculated with mixed culture (C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8) and incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36 h in a 95% relative humidity chamber. After fermentation ended, FG and CP content of fermented CSM substrate was assayed. The results showed that the appropriate fermentation period was 36 h, and the optimal proportion of CSM in substrate was 70%. Addition of sodium carbonate to CSM substrate was beneficial for fermentative detoxification. Heat treatment could facilitate fermentative detoxification, and supplementation with minerals was instrumental in reducing gossypol levels during mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of CSM.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 1994

As a toughness modifier for plastics chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM) can be used. CSM has a good resistance to oxygen and ozone. CSM has a crosslinkable functional group(sulfonyl chorid) with sulfur and metal oxide. Polyvinylchloride(PVC) is widely used industrial plastics because of its balanced properties and low cost. But it has some disadvantages such as low impact strength, light, ozone and oxygen degradation. In order to improve these properties of PVC, CSM was blended with PVC. The toughening effect appeared at about 10wt% and there is no additional effect above 30wt% of CSM. The weatherability, ozone resistance and mechanical properties of PVC were improved by blending with CSM. The toughening mechanism is studied by SEM.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2005

In this work, magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide as metallic crosslinking agent were added to chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM) emulsion to enhance the mechanical properties of emulsion film such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength and crosslinking density, thermal features, and surface energy were also investigated. Crosslinking density of the CSM emulsion film with increasing the amount of magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide increased, leading to the enhancement of water resistance. It was shown that compared with calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate had a little higher crosslinking density and $T_g$ value. The surface energy and mechanical characteristics of the CSM emulsion film, however, showed somewhat different behaviors. The highest surface energy, tensile strength, and tear strength were observed when 0.75% for magnesium carbonate and 1.0% for calcium hydroxide were added respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that as metallic crosslinking agent to improve water resistance and mechanical properties of the CSM emulsion, magnesium carbonate is more preferable to calcium hydroxide.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.734-739
• /
• 2006

Statement of problem. Many surface processing methods of dental implant have been developed, the laser processing is one of them. Purpose. This study was to investigate in vitro the fatigue resistance of implants treated with laser method(CSM implant, CSM Company, Daegu, Korea). Material and methods. Fatigue tests of 23 laser treated CSM implant(CSM Company, Daegu, Korea) were conducted using Instron 8871 (Load cell, 5 kN, Instron Co., England), according to ISO 14801 (2003), Results. From 300 N, each specimens were not fractured and withstood until more than 5,000,000 cycle. Conclusion. Within the limits of this in vitro study, implants treated with laser method (CSM implant, CSM Company, Daegu, Korea) have had enough rigidity and fatigue resistance to use clinically with reliance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem. To work the economic limitation of dental implant usage, some types of domestic implant have been developing. But, there have been seldom reported about the clinical success rate of them as yet. Purpose. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the performance of CSM implants(CSM company, Daegu, Korea). Material and methods. Thirty-five patients were rehabilitated with 150 CSM implants in this multicenter study. Results. The success rate was 96.2%. CSM Titanium fixtures can obtain slightly higher success rate when a cover screw was not used for implant installation than when used. However it doesn't show significant difference(p=.7615, Fisher's Exact test). Conclusion. This multicenter retrospective study demonstrated the efficacy of the CSM implant in the treatment of variety of clinical manifestation of tooth loss. And it can be assumed that whether a cover screw is used or not should no influence on the osseointegration.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.142-152
• /
• 2014

This paper analyzes the conjunction events of Korea satellites by year or kind of satellite using CSM, which is provided by JSpOC. If multiple CSM for single conjunction event are available, consistency analysis is performed using minimum range of CSM. And this paper presents the contact analysis results with space objects if there is a radar system in Korea. The effectiveness of Korea's radar system is analyzed by calculating the access time or frequency with space objects. Furthermore, we investigate the radar systems of other space agencies and find the specific parameter depending on the operating environment. Using this information, we define the requirements of radar system, which is appropriate the Korea.