• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 1996

1992년 8월에 발사된 한국의 첫번째 위성인 우리별 1호에는 저궤도 고에너지 입자환경를 관측하는 탑재체 cosmic ray experiment(CRE)가 실렸다. CRE는 크게 cosmic particle experiment(CPE)와 total dose esperiment(TDE) 두 시스템으로 구성된다. 이와 더불어 실험 탑재물은 아니지만, 프로그램 메모리와 램디스크(RAM disk)의 비트바뀜현상(SEU) 결과를 통해서 고에너지 입자환경에 대한 간접적인 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 1993년 9월에 발사된 두 번재 위성 우리별 2호에는 OBCI인 KASCOM에서 프로그램 메모리와 램디스크 메모리에 대한 비트바뀜현상실험을 수행하였다. 우리별 1호와 2호는 그 구조는 비슷하지만 서로의 궤도가 다르기 때문에 두 위성의 실험결과를 분석해본다면 각 궤도에서의 고에너지 입자환경에 대한 비교연구할 수 있는 좋은 기회가 된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 주름높이가 고려된 판형열교환기의 완전발달유동 및 열전달특성을 수치적으로 해석하였다. 여러 개의 단위셀(5개 또는 7개)을 연결한 다중셀에 입구부와 출구부가 부착된 모델을 기본으로 P/H비 변화($2.0{\leq}P/H{\leq}4.0$)에 따른 모델에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 작동유체는 물이며, 수치조건은 쉐브론각 $20^{\circ}$, $300{\leq}Re{\leq}1,500$이다. 그리고 마찰인자는 $f=CRe^m$의 형태로, Colburn 계수는 $j=CRe^m$의 형태로 상관관계식을 제시하였다. 수치해석 결과 완전발달유동은 세 번째 셀부터 시작되었으며, 누셀트수는 P/H비가 작을수록 큰 값을 나타냈다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

목적: 하악 절치 발치 치료를 받은 환자들의 치료로 인한 향상과 유지기간 후의 안정성을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 하악 절치를 발치한 환자 총 20명을 대상으로 치료 전, 치료 직후, 2년의 유지기간 후의 모형 및 파노라마 방사선 사진을 분석하였다. Irregularity index, overjet, overbite, 치아 크기와 악궁 길이의 차이, 견치간 폭경, 제1 대구치간 폭경 및 미국교정학회에서 제시한 방법(ABO-CRE)을 평가하였다. 통계분석은 Wilcoxon signed-rank test를 이용하였다. 결과: 치료 전후 irregularity index가 유의하게 감소되었고(P = 0.000), 치아 크기와 악궁 길이의 차이는 유의하게 증가 하였다(P = 0.028). 유지기간 동안에 irregularity index는 유의하게 악화 되었다(P = 0.001). ABO-CRE 전체값의 변화는 치료 전후에 유의한 감소를 보이고(P = 0.000), 유지 전후에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P = 0.053). 결론: 모형과 파노라마 방사선 사진을 이용하여 치료의 안정성 평가 결과, 하악 절치 발치 치료는 2년간의 유지기간 동안 치료 결과가 안정적으로 유지되었다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1990

Using Zung's self-rating depression scale, the authors studied depression in 310 elderlies residing in the 9 home for the aged (HFA) in Kyungbuk area, and 234 elderlies living in Taegu city and 107 elderlies attending a Life-long education program in Taegu, which serve as a control group, Community resident elderlies(CRE). The research had been administered during the period from June to August, 1986. The results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of male. female. and the total of the elderlies in HFA were $38.95{\pm}11.55$, $44.18{\pm}14.15$:: and $42.8{\pm}13.7$ respectively while CRE marked $40.8{\pm}11.3$ for male, $45.2{\pm}12.0$ for female, and $43.4{\pm}11.9$ for the total. Therefore there were significant differences between male and female in both groups(p<0.01, p<0.001), though no significant difference between the two groups. However, the depression score of elderlies in HFA might be much higher than that of CRE if 81 elderlies(14.2%) in HFA who had been left out of the statistical evaluation due to their having severe depression, organic brain syndrom, or pseudoementia, etc had been included. 2. The score distribution by items for the elderlies in HFA were from highest scores hopelessness, worthlessness, emptiness, decreased appetite, confusion, while for CRE, hopelessness, decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and worthlessness. Elderlies in HFA showed significantly high scores in depressed mood, weight loss, suicidal rumination(ideation) and psychomotor excitement, while CRE showed significantly high scores in decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and dissatisfaction. 3. Elderlies who scored over 50 numbered 10 males(16%), 57 females(34%), and total of 67(29%) in HFA and 28 males(21%), 77 females(37%), and total of 105(31%) in CRE : female showed higher seores in both groups. 4. Psychosocial factors such as getting older(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), being Buddhist(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), and monthly pocket money less than \30,000(respectively p<0.001, p<0.001) were found to have a noticable impact on the depression level of the elderlies in both groups. Factors such as illiteracy (p<0.001, monthly pocket money less than \10,000(p<0.05), and having no family(p<0.01) recorded significantly higher scores among CRE than the elderlies in HFA.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2023

Objective: Autophagy is highly active in ovariectomized mice experiencing hormone deprivation, especially in the uterine mesenchyme. Autophagy is responsible for the turnover of vasoactive factors in the uterus, which was demonstrated in anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 receptor (Amhr2)-Cre-driven autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) knockout (Amhr-Cre/Atg7^f/f mice). In that study, we uncovered a striking difference in the amount of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) accumulation between virgin mice and breeder mice with the same genotype. Herein, we aimed to determine whether repeated breeding changed the composition of mesenchymal cell populations in the uterine stroma. Methods: All female mice used in this study were of the same genotype. Atg7 was deleted by Amhr2 promoter-driven Cre recombinase in the uterine stroma and myometrium, except for a triangular stromal region on the mesometrial side. Amhr-Cre/Atg7^f/f female mice were divided into two groups: virgin mice with no mating history and aged between 11 and 12 months, and breeder mice with at least 6-month breeding cycles with multiple pregnancies and aged around 12 months. The uteri were used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: SQSTM1 accumulation, representing Atg7 deletion and halted autophagy, was much higher in virgin mice than in breeders. Breeders showed reduced accumulation of several vasoconstrictive factors, which are potential autophagy targets, in the uterus, suggesting that the uterine stroma was repopulated with autophagy-intact cells during repeated pregnancies. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancies seem to have improved the uterine environment by replacing autophagy-deficient cells with autophagy-intact cells, providing evidence of cell mixing.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

본 논문은 매크로 기지국 (Macro base station, MBS) 커버리지 내 스몰셀 기지국 (Small-cell base station, SBS)이 중첩된 5G 이기종 네트워크 (Heterogeneous network, HetNet)환경에서 머신 타입 통신 장치 (Machine-Type Communications Devices, MTCD)들에게 미치는 간섭을 해결하고 성능향상을 위한 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법을 제안한다. 5G HetNet에서는 다양한 타입의 MTCD들이 데이터 트래픽을 생성하므로 기지국에 대한 부하가 심해진다. 따라서 이 부하를 해결하기 위해 SBS의 수신세기에 bias값을 더해 조건에 만족하는 MTCD들을 SBS에 연결하는 셀 범위 확장 (Cell range expansion, CRE)방법이 적용된다. CRE를 통해 SBS에 연결되는 MTCD들의 수가 증가하여 MBS의 부하는 줄어들지만 간섭의 영향을 받아 성능이 저하되므로 이를 해결하는 방법이 필요하다. 제안하는 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법은 CRE로 SBS 내 새롭게 추가된 MTCD의 간섭 완화를 위해 기존 MBS로부터의 간섭이 적은 자원을 할당하고 기존 MTCD들의 성능에 따라 자원을 분리하여 할당하므로 전체 MTCD들의 성능을 향상시킨다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안하는 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법은 기존의 자원 할당 방법보다 MBS와 SBS에 연결된 MTCD들의 시스템 용량에서 21%와 126%의 성능향상을 보인다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2022

본 연구는 공중보건에 위협이 되고 있는 carbapenemase 유전자형 중 bla_KPC, bla_NDM, bla_IMP, bla_VIM, bla_OXA-48-like 유전자의 표현형적 검사 및 분자진단으로 검출하고 관련 유전자 분포 양상에 대해 알아보았다. 표현형적 검사결과 MHT는 41균주 모두에서 양성을 확인하고, CIT는 meropenem+PBA는 18균주 및 meropenem+EDTA에서 8균주의 양성을 확인하였다. PCR 결과 bla_KPC 28균주, bla_NDM 25균주, bla_IMP 5균주, bla_VIM 1균주, bla_OXA-48-like 13균주에서 증폭 산물을 확인하였다. 또한 bla_KPC+bla_NDM 7균주, bla_KPC+bla_IMP 1균주, bla_NDM+bla_OXA-48-like 1균주, bla_NDM+bla_VIM 1균주, bla_KPC+bla_NDM+bla_IMP 4균주, bla_KPC+bla_NDM+bla_OXA-48-like 4균주를 확인하였다. 실시간 중합효소 연쇄반응을 이용한 융해 곡선 분석결과는 PCR 결과와 100% 일치함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 real-time PCR을 이용한 신속하고 특이성이 높은 CRE 조기진단을 통한 유전자 확인은 제한된 치료 옵션과 높은 사망률로 공중 보건 위협을 고조하는 CRE의 감시, 진단 및 치료를 개선할 수 있으며 전염을 방지하기 위한 효과적인 항균 치료 및 시기적절한 감염 통제가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the external validity of a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) acquisition risk prediction model (the CREP-model) in a medium-sized hospital. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 613 patients (CRE group: 69, no-CRE group: 544) admitted to the intensive care units of a 453-beds secondary referral general hospital from March 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019 in South Korea. The performance of the CREP-model was analyzed with calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Results: The results showed that those higher in age had lower presence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), cephalosporin use ≥ 15 days, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score ≥ 21 points, and lower CRE acquisition rates than those of CREP-model development subjects. The calibration-in-the-large was 0.12 (95% CI: - 0.16~0.39), while the calibration slope was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.63~1.12), and the concordance statistic was .71 (95% CI: .63~.78). At the predicted risk of .10, the sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rates were 43.5%, 84.2%, and 79.6%, respectively. The net true positive according to the CREP-model were 3 per 100 subjects. After adjusting the predictors' cutting points, the concordance statistic increased to .84 (95% CI: .79~.89), and the sensitivity and net true positive was improved to 75.4%. and 6 per 100 subjects, respectively. Conclusion: The CREP-model's discrimination and clinical usefulness are low in a medium sized general hospital but are improved after adjusting for the predictors. Therefore, we suggest that institutions should only use the CREP-model after assessing the distribution of the predictors and adjusting their cutting points.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2020

Objective : The aim of present study was to clarify the effect of Areca Semen and Toosendan Fructus Mixture (AT-mix) on chronic reflux esophagitis (CRE) in rats. Methods : The antioxidant activity of AT-mix was measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in vitro. CRE was induced in SD rats (5 weeks, male) by ligating the border forestomach and granular portion with 2-0 silk and the duodenum near the pyloric portion was covered with 2-mm wide piece of 18-Fr Nélaton catheter. And then rats were treated AT-mix 200 mg/kg one daily for 14 days. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Results : Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after AT-mix treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of CRE control rats. AT-mix treatment strongly reduced both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (DPPH, IC₅₀ 8.15±0.14 ㎍/mL; ABTS, IC₅₀ 24.69±0.03 ㎍/mL, repspectively). Levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit including NOX4 and p22^phox increased in CRE control rats. Otherwise, AT-mix treatment significantly reduced. The activation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to significantly the up-regulation of HO-1. The inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation led to NF-κB inactivation. Subsequently, NF-κB inactivation significantly induced the decrease of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein expressions. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that AT-mix treatment can attenuate the esophageal mucosal ulcer though inhibiting NF-κB pathway and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Thus, the additional mechanism study about AT-mix would need for the development as a safe herbal therapy for CRE.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2017

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase beta ($IKK{\beta}$) plays a critical role in cell proliferation and inflammation in various cells by activating $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling. However, the interrelationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) and $IKK{\beta}$ in cell proliferation is not clear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of $PPAR{\alpha}$ in the hepatic cell death in the absence of $IKK{\beta}$ gene using liver-specific Ikkb-null ($Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$) mice. To examine the function of $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in hepatic cell death, wild-type ($Ikkb^{F/F}$) and $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice were treated with $PPAR{\alpha}$ agonist Wy-14,643 (0.1% w/w chow diet) for two weeks. As a result of Wy-14,643 treatment, apoptotic markers including caspase-3 cleavage, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and TUNEL-positive staining were significantly decreased in the $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice. Surprisingly, Wy-14,643 increased the phosphorylation of p65 and STAT3 in both Ikkb and $Ikkb^{F/F-AlbCre}$ mice. Furthermore, BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased in both groups after treatment with Wy-14,643. Our results suggested that $IKK{\beta}-derived$ hepatic apoptosis could be altered by $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in conjunction with activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and STAT3 signaling.