• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 1997

Nicotinic acid was mixed with glass powders such as controlled pore glass (CPG), glyceryl controlled pore glass (GPG) and glass beads (GB) at room temperature. The physicochemical properties of nicotinic acid in the various mixtures were examined by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction study. Infrared spectroscopy and BET gas adsorption measurements. The peak area at the melting point from the various mixtures of nicotinic acid and CPG was increased with an increase of nicotinic acid concentration while the broad peak area was remained unchanged in the DTA curve. As shown in the powder X-ray diffraction patterns, the crystalline peaks of nicotinic acid disappeared in mixture with CPG, suggesting the interaction of nicotinic acid and porous powders. It was found that the larger the content of CPG, the higher the ratio of an amorphous state to a crystalline state. BET isotherm showed that as the amount of nicotinic acid was increased, the specific surface area was reduced proportionally to nicotinic acid content of up to 40% and remained constant thereafter. Sublimation of nicotinic acid from the mixture of nicotinic acid and CPG was examined. A large quantity of nicotinic acid was retained in the mixture when stored on various temperatures in vacuo for 10 hours. The nicotinic acid mixtures with CPG or GPG showed a high dissolution rates of nicotinic acid in aqueous solution, especially in the initial dissolution stage. CPG is expected to be a good pharmaceutical excipient to reduce the crystallinity of drugs and to prevent sublimation of drugs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Objectives: For diagnosis and evaluation, evaluation tools are needed. Various tools can be used to diagnose and evaluate mental disorders. Among them, psychological tests are widely used. For Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) diagnosis, psychological tests are also required. Currently developed critical pathway (CP) presented tools for diagnosis and evaluation of mental disorders. The CP suggests the use of tools based on the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG). Therefore, CPG-based tools should be able to be used in the clinical scene of Korean Medicine for diagnosing and evaluating mental disorders according to CP. Methods: Tools suggested by CPs are summarized. The degree of utilization of tools in CPGs is also summarized. A review was conducted by Korean Medicine neuropsychiatrist experts on tools and user's usage plan. Results: As a result, developed CPs suggested using 19 tools for anxiety disorder, 13 tools for insomnia), 12 tools for Hwabyeong, and 9 tools for dementia. In CPG, 48, 34, 44, and 44 tools were used for anxiety disorder, insomnia, Hwabyeong, and dementia, respectively. Among tools presented in CP, HAM-A, HAM-D, CGI, SAS, and TESS for anxiety disorder, CPG, ISI, and PSQI for insomnia disorder, CPG, STAI, and STAXI for Hwabyeong were frequently used in CPG. For dementia CPG, MoCA, MMSE, HDS, ADL, and ADAS-cog were frequently used. Among them, MoCA, ADL, and ADAS-cog were suggested tools in CP. Conclusions: As a result of analyzing tools suggested and used in the developed CPs and CPGs, it was verified that various tools were used in each study. Most of them were symptom and behavioral evaluation scales. Therefore, symptoms and behavior evaluation scales used more frequently should be able to be used in the clinical scene of Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline(CPG) for Soeumin Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM): Yang Depletion Symptomatology. Methods This CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of the society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. it was performed by search and collection of literature related SCM, opinion of SCM experts and journal search. And it was followed by CPG's guideline. Results & Conclusions No article was selected and included in CPG for Yang Depletion Symptomatology of Kidney Heat-based Exterior Heat disease in Soeumin disease. CPG of Yang Depletion symptomatology in Soeumin Disease include classification, definition and standard symptoms of each pattern. Yang Depletion symptomatology is classified into severe and critical pattern by severity. Yang Depletion Symptomatology severe pattern is classified into initial phase pattern and intermediate phase pattern. And Yang Depletion Symptomatology critical pattern is classified into advanced phase pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.108-122
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• 2005

The gait training strategy in very important things for central nervous system(CNS) injury patients. There are many method and strategy for regaining of the gait who had CNS injury. A human being has central pattern generator(CPG) is spinal CPG for locomotion. It is a neural network which make the cyclical patterns and rhythmical activities for walking. Sensory input from loading and hip position is essential for CPG stimulation that makes the central neural rhythm and pattern generating structure. From sensory input, the proprioceptive information facilitate proximal muscles that controlled in voluntarily from cortical level and visual and / or acoustical information facilitate distal muscles that controlled voluntarily from subcortical level. Gait training method can classify that is functional level and structural level. Functional level includ level surface gait, going up and down the stair. It is important to facilitate a guide tempo in order to activate the central pattern generators. During the functional test or functional activities, can point out the poor period in gait that have to be facilitate in structural level. There are many access methods with patient position and potentiality. The methods are using of rhythmic initiation, replication and combination of isotonic with standing position. Clinically using it on weight transfer onto the stance leg, loading response, loading response and pre-swing, terminal stance, up and downwards stairs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-261
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• 2014

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline(CPG) for Soyangin Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM): Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology. The CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods The CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee considering of the society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. It was performed by search and collection of literature related SCM, opinion of SCM experts and journal search and it was followed by CPG's guideline. Results & Conclusions The CPG of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology in Soyangin Disease include classification, definition and standard symptoms of each pattern. Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into severe and critical pattern by severity. The severe pattern of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into the pattern of Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache (Sinyeol-dutong Mangeum) and the advanced pattern of Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache (Sinyeol-dutong Mangeum). The critical pattern of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into the pattern of Cold-related diarrhea accompanied by the abdominal pain (Sinhan-bocktong Mangeum) and the advanced pattern of Cold-related diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain (Sinhan-bocktong Mangeum).

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 진화연산 기법중 GP(Genetic Programming)를 이용한 관절좌표계 상에서의 걸음새 자동생성 기법과 생물체의 신경발생 신호 원리를 이용한 CPG(Central Pattern Generator) 기법을 구현한다. 바이올로이드로 구성된 4족 보행로봇에 대하여 Webots기반의 ODE 시뮬레이션을 통해 접근 기법들에 대한 최적화를 수행하고 결과를 비교 분석한다. 그리고 구해진 시뮬레이션과 결과를 실제 로봇에 대해서 각 동작을 실행시켜 보면서 CPG와 GP 기반 걸음새 방식 실제적인 성능 및 특성도 고찰한다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.358-359
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 태양광 시스템에서 전 범위 전력점을 추종하기 위한 Constant Power Generation (CPG) 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 기존의 최대 전력점 추종 (MPPT) 알고리즘은 고출력의 태양광 시스템을 위해 광범위하게 사용되고 있지만, 변화하는 계통상황에 대한 유연한 제어가 불가능하다. 구현한 알고리즘은 MPPT 제어를 수행하면서도 상황에 따라 원하는 전력을 출력할 수 있다. 전 범위의 전력점 추종이 가능한 계통 연계 태양광 컨버터를 구성하였으며 CPG 알고리즘의 두 가지 기법을 소개하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 두 CPG 알고리즘을 구현하고 그 성능을 비교 및 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patients on healthcare decisions. They provide recommendations for the average patient, which should take into account individual clinical judgment and the patient's values and expectations. Ephedra has sympathomimetic effect and has been used for weight loss worldwide. However, its safety is controversial especially in autonomic and cardiovascular systems. Therefore, the need of appropriate CPG for ephedra prescription in obesity was advocated in Korean Traditional Medicine. Methods The committee comprised of specialists of obesity, oriental herbology, oriental cardiology, constitutional medicine. The committee collected all relevant references about adverse effect and safety of ephedra in the forms of meta-analysis, systematic review, randomized controlled trial, case-control study and observational study from international and domestic databases and paper journals. 11 English- and 5 Korean-language references were gathered and categorized by PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) method. We could not complete strength of recommendation which should be clarified according to the evidence grade estimation. Result The first version of CPG for ephedra prescription in obesity was issued by Korean Oriental Association for Study of Obesity. It includes topics of introduction, pharmacokinetics, side effects and adverse events, constitutional aspect and recommendations for dose, indication and contraindication. Conclusion There should be periodic upgrade of this CPG from now on. Although there are some drawbacks in this version of CPG, it has significance as the first CPG in Korean Traditional Medicine.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning of pattern designs attached on the main building of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government (CPG). While most of researches mainly focused on the value and evaulation of the CPG building in terms of architectural history, relatively little insight has been gained on the symbolic meaning and mature of the pattern designs. What king of connections are related between the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun(Korea) and those of CPG? What symbolic meanings are engraved on the pattern designs? The researcher then took up the task of elucidating symbolic meanings of patterns and their relation to the building. The existing pattern of the outer wall of the CPG building consists of the symbol of sun(太陽輪), mums(菊花輪), and angle of stairs(雁大角). According to the Japanese Studies of emblems, these visual elements symbolize 'the sun of Japan'((日の丸) or 'the emperor', 'the royal family', and 'rays of the sun'. Based on these preliminary findings, the researcher considered the following in-depth connections: (1) relations with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun, (2) relations with the emblems of local autonomous entity, Kyoungsung in Chosun. (3) relations with the emblem designs of the local provinces in Japan etc. In conclusion, patterns of the main building were not just an architectural decoration, but they had significant meanings utilizing design elements and methods adopted by local autonomous entities in Japan, The patterns found at the ceilling and floor of hall in the CPG building were associated with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun. Therefore, all the patterns of the CPG building are powerful symbols that have meanings for the colonial rule by using the shape and method of city identities that Japanese local provinces had enacted. That is, it came out into the open that they were designed for special meanings that Korean and Japanese are united as a single body(內鮮一體) for a subject of the Emperor of Japan(皇國臣民).

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-242
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic protective effects of mixtures of corn silk, perilla leaf and grape stem extract (CPG mixture) against UVB-induced skin damage and compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice. The results showed that treatment with CPG mixture exhibited much stronger suppressive effect on erythema and melanin index as well as melanin formation than treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, the treatment with CPG mixture showed ameliorative effect on immune cell infiltration and collagen fiber destruction in UV-irradiated mice. The treatment with CPG mixture inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated mice. Furthermore, the treatment with CPG mixture inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior and histological changes in mice. Taken together, these results indicated that CPG mixture has potentials as functional and therapeutic materials against skin damage and itch-related skin diseases.