• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2002

A helper T(Th)1-mediated response is known to enhance cell -mediated immunity, while a Th2-mediated response is associated with the humoral immunity that if elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$results in the decreased capability of Iymphocytes to produce Thl cytokines, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been reported to impair the blastogenesis and response of T Iymphocytes. CPF also induces delayed febrile effects, which results from the activation of COX -PGE$_2$pathway. The purpose of this study is to determine the effort of CPF on the in vitro production of Th cytokines and the role of PGE$_2$on the CPF-induced production of Th cytokines. Splenocytes obtained from male BALB/c mice were pretreated with CPF(0.1, 1, 10 and 100$\mu$M) in the presence of absence of indomethacin or PGE$_2$for 12 h and then were incubated with concanavalin (Con) A for 48 h. These results showed that CPF remarkedly reduced the production of splenic interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ in a dose-dependent manner. CPF significantly increased the splenic IL-4 production at low doses (0.1 and 1$\mu$M) but did not affect at high doses (10 and 100 $\mu$M). Indomethacin reduced the CPF-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose -dependent manner and significantly attenuated the production of IL-4 increased by CPF 0.1 $\mu$M. High dose of CPF significantly reduced the PGE$_2$-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while the PGE$_2$- induced production of IL-4 was significantly enhanced by CPF 1 $\mu$M. These findings suggest that CPF nay down-regulate the immune response of Th 1 type by the suppressed production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. The CPF-decreased production of Thl cytokines may not be mediated by endogenous PGE$_2$. Also, CPF may attenuate the exogenous PGE$_2$-decreased Th 1 immune response in a dose--dependent manner but may affect dose-independently the PGE$_2$-induced Th2 immune response.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2008

Chlorpyrifos(CPF)는 유기인계 농약으로 널리 사용되고 있는 물질과 사육 및 관리가 쉽고 계대사육이 가능하며 국내 및 미국 EPA와 OECD 등에서 환경독성시험용 공시 어종인 송사리, Oryzias latipes를 이용해 CPF가 수서생물에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 간접적으로 평가하여 어독성에 대한 기초 자료를 제시하고 송사리 성어의 간과 생식소를 대상으로 조직학적 병변현상을 검토하고자 실험을 실시하였다. CPF에 노출 농도는 control(대조구 I), solvent control (대조구 II), 20, 40, 80, $160{\mu}g/L$로 설정하였으며, 실험기간은 성어기 4주 실험을 실시하였고, 난 실험은 성어에서 산란된 난을 가지고 계속 같은 환경에서 수정 후부터 부화종료 7일 후까지 실험을 실시하였다. 성어의 생존율은 대조구 I, 대조구 II, 20, $40{\mu}g/L$에 비해 80과 $160{\mu}g/L$에서 생존율이 감소하였고, 섭이율에 있어서도 $40{\mu}g/L$ 이상에 노출되었을 때 대조구보다 유의한 차이를 보였다. 성어에서 산란된 총 난 생산량은 대조구에 비해 CPF에 노출된 처리구에서 적었으며, 비정상 난은 20과 $40{\mu}g/L$ 처리구에서 높게 나왔다. 또한 간과 생식소에서 40, 80 그리고 $160{\mu}g/L$에서 조직학적 변화를 관찰한 수 있었다. 본 결과로부터 CPF가 $20{\mu}g/L$부터 환경에 지속적으로 CPF에 노출되었을 때 영향이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 대학기록관의 특성에 맞는 기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소를 제안하되, 온라인 환경에서도 활용가능한 EAC-CPF와 융합한 기술요소를 제안하고 이를 근거로 전거레코드를 구축한 실례를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 대학의 기능에 따른 조직의 구성과 특성을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 기록물 생산자별 주요 특성들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 국내표준인 국가기록원 전거레코드 지침과 국제표준인 ISAAR(CPF) 2판을 비교·분석하여 대학기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소들을 제안하되, 이를 다시 EAC-CPF와 매핑하여 최종 기술요소를 도출하였다. 끝으로, 제안된 기술요소를 토대로 실제 전거레코드를 구축한 사례를 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대학기록물 생산자의 맥락정보를 검색을 위한 표준화된 접근점을 제공하기 위한 구체적인 기술요소들을 제안하고 이를 데이터표준구조와 융합하여 온라인 환경에서도 생산자 맥락정보의 검색이 가능하게 했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2015

Mooring stability of floating dock for construction of Ichthys CPF (central processing facilities), an ultra large offshore structure, was studied. Normal and typhoon conditions were considered for mooring analysis. There have been changes in construction stages of the CPF as project progresses. These changes were reflected on the mooring stability analysis for both conditions. In order to secure the mooring stability of the floating dock for Ichthys CPF under typhoon, maximum loads of mooring chains and maximum offset of the floating dock with Ichthys CPF were examined. Also the shapes of the catenary mooring were investigated to check interferences among mooring chains. As it was confirmed that the mooring loads were within SWL (safe working load) of mooring chains and underwater sinkers, the mooring stability of the floating dock for construction of Ichthys CPF was secured. By achieving security of mooring stability of the floating dock, it is assured that Ichthys project is on its way to success.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2020

CRISPR/Cpf1 has emerged as a new CRISPR-based genome editing tool because, in comparison with CRIPSR/Cas9, it has a different T-rich PAM sequence to expand the target DNA sequence. Single-base editing in the microbial genome can be facilitated by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM) followed by negative selection with the CRISPR/Cpf1 system. However, single point mutations aided by Cpf1 negative selection have been rarely reported in Corynebacterium glutamicum. This study aimed to introduce an amber stop codon in crtEb encoding lycopene hydratase, through ODM and Cpf1-mediated negative selection; deficiency of this enzyme causes pink coloration due to lycopene accumulation in C. glutamicum. Consequently, on using double-, triple-, and quadruple-base-mutagenic oligonucleotides, 91.5-95.3% pink cells were obtained among the total live C. glutamicum cells. However, among the negatively selected live cells, 0.6% pink cells were obtained using single-base-mutagenic oligonucleotides, indicating that very few single-base mutations were introduced, possibly owing to mismatch tolerance. This led to the consideration of various target-mismatched crRNAs to prevent the death of single-base-edited cells. Consequently, we obtained 99.7% pink colonies after CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated negative selection using an appropriate single-mismatched crRNA. Furthermore, Sanger sequencing revealed that single-base mutations were successfully edited in the 99.7% of pink cells, while only two of nine among 0.6% of pink cells were correctly edited. The results indicate that the target-mismatched Cpf1 negative selection can assist in efficient and accurate single-base genome editing methods in C. glutamicum.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

We measured emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine equipped with a commercial CPF. Experimental parameters adopted a neat diesel fuel, a blend of diesel fuel with 20% biodiesel, a blend of diesel fuel with 15% biodiesel and 5% ethanol. The experiments were carried out to measure the emission and engine performance according to ESC 13-mode cycles. The maximum torque with biodiesel blend fuel is slightly lower than that of neat diesel fuel in the entire the 13-mode cycles, and 5% ethanol and 15% biodiesel blend fuel is slightly higher than that of neat diesel fuel. THC and CO emissions of the biofuel blended diesel fuel were slightly increased and decreased, and mean conversion efficiencies of THC and CO on the commercial CPF were achieved about 70$\sim$87% in the ESC 13-mode. From the measurement by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS), the total number and mass of nano-sized particles by a commercial CPF were decreased about 97.8% and 96.8 % in the range of the nano-size from 10.6 to 385nm, respectively.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.227-246
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 국제적으로 통용되는 기록관 및 도서관 전거체계의 상호운용성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 기록물 전거체계인 ISAAR(CPF)와 EAC-CPF, 도서관 전거체계인 FRAD 등을 살펴보고, 유사점 및 차이점을 분석하였다. 마지막으로는 분석 결과를 바탕으로 기록관과 도서관 전거제어 체계간의 상호운용성을 확인하였다. 기록관 및 도서관은 각각의 영역에서 전거레코드의 발전방향을 제시하였으나, 개체 간의 관계를 확장하고, 국제적인 차원에서의 레코드를 공유하며, 다른 기관과의 정보교환을 주도적으로 실행한다 등의 주요한 기능들은 공유하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

A circular pin fin (CPF) and a half circular pin fin (HCPF) are by using the one-dimensional analytic method. For these two fins, 90% of the maximum heat loss, Corresponding fin length for 90% of the maximum heat loss, fin effectiveness and fin efficiency are compared as functions of convection characteristic number and fin radius. Also, the ratio of heat loss from the HCPF to that from CPF listed with variation of fin length when the fin volumes are the same. One of the results shows that the efficiency of a CPF is larger than that of a HCPF while the effectiveness of a CPF is smaller than that of a HCPF when convection characteristic number, fin length and fin radius are the same.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2000

The contact stress characteristics of the domestic CPF pin when inserted into the rigid PTH was analyzed using the finite element method. The model geometry was based on the shape of the existing pin and the two different PTH diameters were used in the analysis. The stress distributions with respect to the friction coefficients were compared and the stress variations of the compliant part of the pin, which have an influence on the performance, were displayed with the time and the arc length on complete connection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.943-947
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• 2002

The two reactions between iron ion (Fe3+ ) and o-chlorophenylfluorone (o-CPF) and copper ion (Cu2+ ) and o-CPF are sensitive at pH 6 in the presence of Triton X-100. We have determined the formation constants of the complexes by the spectral correction technique. Because of the poor selectivity of o-CPF to metals, the competition coordination of only the iron ion from the Cu-o-CPF complex was found and applied to the selective detection of iron traces by the Selective Competition Coordination Determination (SCCD) approach.The analysis of several samples shows that the relative standard deviations are less than 5.0% and the recovery of iron ions between 94.5% and 106%.